MEDICAL PRACTICE: Valuation Adjustments

NET INCOME STATEMENT AND BALANCE SHEET ADJUSTMENTS

By Dr. David Edward Marcinko; MBA MEd CMP®

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SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

Net Income Statement Adjustments

When analyzing a set of financial statements to determine practice value, adjustments (normalizations) generally are needed to produce a clearer picture of likely future income and distributable cash flow. It also allows more of an “apples to apples” line item comparison. This normalization process usually consists of making three main adjustments to a medical practice’s net income (profit and loss) statement.

1. Non-Recurring Items: Estimates of future distributable cash flow should exclude non-recurring items. Proceeds from the settlement of litigation, one-time gains/losses from the selling of assets or equipment, and large write-offs that are not expected to reoccur, each represent potential nonrecurring items. The impact of nonrecurring events should be removed from the practice’s financial statements to produce a clearer picture of likely future income and cash flow.

2. Perquisites: The buyer of a medical practice may plan to spend more or less than the current doctor-owner for physician executive compensation, travel and entertainment expenses, and other perquisites of current management. When determining future distributable cash flow, income adjustments to the current level of expenditures should be made for these items.

3. Non-cash Expenses: Depreciation expense, amortization expense, and bad debt expense are all non-cash items which impact reported profitability. When determining distributable cash flow, you must analyze the link between non-cash expenses and expected cash expenditures.

The annual depreciation expense is a proxy for likely capital expenditures over time. When capital expenditures and depreciation are not similar over time, an adjustment to expected cash flow is necessary. Some practices reduce income through the use of bad debt expense rather than direct write-offs. Bad debt expense is a non-cash expense that represents an estimate of the dollar volume of write-offs that are likely to occur during a year. If bad debt expense is understated, practice profitability will be overstated.

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Balance Sheet Adjustments

Adjustments also can be made to a practice’s balance sheet to remove non-operating assets and liabilities, and to restate asset and liability value at market rates (rather than cost rates). Assets and liabilities that are unrelated to the core practice being valued should be added to or subtracted from the value, depending on whether they are acquired by the buyer.

Examples include the asset value less outstanding debt of a vacant parcel of land, and marketable securities that are not needed to operate the practice. Other non-operating assets, such as the cash surrender value of officer life insurance, generally are liquidated by the seller and are not part of the business transaction.

EDUCATION: Books

SPEAKING: Dr. Marcinko will be speaking and lecturing, signing and opining, teaching and preaching, storming and performing at many locations throughout the USA this year! His tour of witty and serious pontifications may be scheduled on a planned or ad-hoc basis; for public or private meetings and gatherings; formally, informally, or over lunch or dinner. All medical societies, financial advisory firms or Broker-Dealers are encouraged to submit a RFP for speaking engagements: CONTACT: MarcinkoAdvisors@outlook.com 

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BIAS: In Podiatric Medicine

DOCTOR PODIATRIC MEDICINE

By Staff Reporters

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Background: Survey research is common practice in podiatry literature and many other health-related fields. An important component of the reporting of survey results is the provision of sufficient information to permit readers to understand the validity and representativeness of the results presented. However, the quality of survey reporting measures in the body of podiatry literature has not been systematically reviewed.

Objective: To examine the reporting of response rates and nonresponse bias within survey research articles published in the podiatric literature in order to provide a foundation with regard to the development of appropriate research reporting standards within the profession.

Methods: This study reports on a secondary analysis of survey research published in the Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, the Foot, and the Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. 98 surveys published from 2000 to 2018 were reviewed and data abstracted regarding the report of response rates and non-response bias.

Results: 67 surveys (68.4%) report a response rate while only 36 articles (36.7%) mention non-response bias in any capacity.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that there is room for improvement in the quality of reporting response rates and nonresponse in the body of podiatric literature involving survey research. Both nonresponse and response rate should be reported to assess survey quality. This is particularly problematic for studies that contribute to best practices.

READ: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31216499/

Keywords: Bias; Health; Research; Response rate; Survey.

READ: https://podiatrym.com/pdf/2017/9/Shapiro917web.pdf

READ: https://www.apma.org/apmamain/document-server/?cfp=/apmamain/assets/file/public/about/code-of-ethics.pdf

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Sc.D versus Ph.D Degree

By Staff Reporters

SPONSOR: http://www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org

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In the United States, the difference between a Ph.D and a Sc.D is that the former is awarded to most, if not all, disciplines, while a Sc.D is awarded to science or STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) disciplines.

This means that, in the United States at least, a Ph.D and a Sc.D are equal to one another in terms of telling people about an individual’s mastery of a particular skill, training, and prestige. A Ph.D holder and a Sc.D holder are viewed as peers and equals by most, if not all, American universities.

Meanwhile in Europe, according to Emily Summer, the difference between a Ph.D and a Sc.D is that the former is awarded at the start of an academic career, while the Sc.D is awarded much later, after the individual has built up an impressive body of work.

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MEDICAL LABORATORY RESULTS: Direct Patient Access?

PROS and CONS

BY DR. DAVID EDWARD MARCINKO MBA MEd CMP®

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SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

§ DIRECT PATIENT ACCESS TO LABORATORY RESULTS

According to Patricia Salber MD [personal communication], there are a number of reasons why direct patient access to laboratory medical results is a good idea:

  • Between 8 and 26% of abnormal test results, including those suspicious for cancer, are not followed up in a timely manner.  Direct access could help reduce the number of times this occurs
  • Self-management, particularly of chronic illness has known benefits.  Just like the QS people, many folks with chronic illness obtain and manage to self-acquired lab results every day via gluco-meters, home pulmonary function tests, blood pressure measurements, and so forth.  Direct access to laboratory-acquired data, one could argue is a continuation of that personal responsibility
  • Patients want to be notified about their results in what they perceive as a timely fashion.  In one study, patients who received direct notification of their bone density tests results were more likely to perceive they had timely notification compared to usual care even though there was no measurable effect on actual treatment received after three months
  • Being more responsible for test results could encourage consumers to try to learn more about the meaning of the test results, conceivably increasing their health literacy. 

But, the arguments against direct access discussed include the following:

  • Patients prefer their physicians contact them directly when they have abnormal test results, although the major studies published in 2005 and 2009, preceded the extraordinary use of the internet to access health information that exists today.
  • There is concern over whether patients will know what to do when they receive the results – will they make erroneous interpretations or fail to contact their docs?  This could be, but the intent of the proposed rule is shared access to the results.  We suspect if the rule become law, docs will develop better notification mechanisms so that they reach the patient before the patient directly accesses the results or lab companies will design better lab test notifications with easy-to-understand interpretations or a whole new industry will appear that can provide instantly available individualized lab interpretation…or maybe all three of these would happen and that would be a very good thing.
  • Unknown impact of dual notification (doctors and patients) of lab test results on physician behavior…would docs simply shift responsibility for initiating follow-up care from themselves to their patients?
  • Would direct access of life-changing lab tests, such as HIV or malignancy, lead to unnecessary patient anxiety – or worse?  (Conversely, is there less anxiety, desperation, or suicidal ideation if the bad news is delivered face to face? 
  • Individuals likely may contact their physicians immediately after getting the lab results asking for a telephonic or face-to-face interpretation … it is not known how this would impact physician workload and/or potential for reimbursement [personal communication, Richard Hudson DO, Atlanta, GA].

EDUCATION: Books

SPEAKING: Dr. Marcinko will be speaking and lecturing, signing and opining, teaching and preaching, storming and performing at many locations throughout the USA this year! His tour of witty and serious pontifications may be scheduled on a planned or ad-hoc basis; for public or private meetings and gatherings; formally, informally, or over lunch or dinner. All medical societies, financial advisory firms or Broker-Dealers are encouraged to submit a RFP for speaking engagements: CONTACT: MarcinkoAdvisors@outlook.com 

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PROSPECT THEORY: Physician-Client Empowerment for Financial Decision Making

BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS

By Staff Reporters

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Prospect theory is a psychological and behavioral economics theory developed by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in 1979. It explains how people make decisions when faced with alternatives involving risk, probability, and uncertainty. According to this theory, decisions are influenced by perceived losses or gains.

Example:

Amanda, a DO client, was just informed by her financial advisor that she needed to re-launch her 403-b retirement plan. Since she was leery about investing, she quietly wondered why she couldn’t DIY. Little does her FA know that she doesn’t intend to follow his advice, anyway! So, what went wrong?

The answer may be that her advisor didn’t deploy a behavioral economics framework to support her decision-making. One such framework is the “prospect theory” model that boils client decision-making into a “three step heuristic.”
 
Prospect theory makes the unspoken biases that we all have more explicit. By identifying all the background assumptions and preferences that clients [patients] bring to the office, decision-making can be crafted so that everyone [family, doctor and patient] or [FA, client and spouse] is on the same page. Briefly, the three steps are:

1. Simplify choices by focusing on the key differences between investment [treatment] options such as stock, bonds, cash, and index funds. 

2. Understanding that clients [patients] prefer greater certainty when it comes to pursuing financial [health] gains and are willing to accept uncertainty when trying to avoid a loss [illness].

3. Cognitive processes lead clients and patients to overestimate the value of their choices thanks to survivor bias, cognitive dissonance, appeals to authority and hindsight biases.

Assessment

Much like healthcare today, the current mass-customized approaches to the financial services industry falls short of recognizing more personalized advisory approaches like prospect theory and assisted client-centered investment decision-making.

 Jaan E. Sidorov MD [Harrisburg, PA]   

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STUPID COMMENTS: Financial Advisors Say to Physician Clients

BY DR. DAVID EDWARD MARCINKO; MBA MEd CMP®

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SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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Some Stupid Things Financial Advisors Say to Physician Clients

A few years ago and just for giggles, colleague Lon Jefferies MBA CFP® and I collected a list of dumb-stupid things said by some Financial Advisors to their doctor, dentist, nurse and and other medical professional clients, along with some recommended under-breath rejoinders:

  • “They don’t have any debt except for a mortgage and student loans.” OK. And I’m vegan except for bacon-wrapped steak.
  • “Earnings were positive before one-time charges.” This is Wall Street’s equivalent of, “Other than that Mrs. Lincoln; how was the play?”
  • “Earnings missed estimates.” No. Earnings don’t miss estimates; estimates miss earnings. No one ever says “the weather missed estimates.” They blame the weatherman for getting it wrong. Finance is the only industry where people blame their poor forecasting skills on reality. 
  • “Earnings met expectations, but analysts were looking for a beat.” If you’re expecting earnings to beat expectations, you don’t know what the word “expectations” means.
  • “It’s a Ponzi scheme.” The number of things called Ponzi schemes that are actually Ponzi schemes rounds to zero. It’s become a synonym for “thing I disagree with.” 
  • “The [thing not going perfectly] crisis.” Boy who cried wolf, meet analyst who called crisis. 
  • “He predicted the market crash in 2008.” He also predicted a crash in 2006, 2004, 2003, 2001, 1998, 1997, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1984, 1971…
  • “More buyers than sellers.” This is the equivalent of saying someone has more mothers than fathers. There’s one buyer and one seller for every trade. Every single one.
  • “Stocks suffer their biggest drop since September.” You know September was only six weeks ago, right? 
  • “We’re cautiously optimistic.” You’re also an oxymoron. 
  • [Guy on TV]: “It’s time to [buy/sell] stocks.” Who is this advice for? A 20-year-old with 60 years of investing in front of him, or a 82-year-old widow who needs money for a nursing home? Doesn’t that make a difference?
  • “We’re neutral on this stock.” Stop it. You don’t deserve a paycheck for that.
  • “There’s minimal downside on this stock.” Some lessons have to be learned the hard way.
  • “We’re trying to maximize returns and minimize risks.” Unlike everyone else, who are just dying to set their money ablaze!
  • “Shares fell after the company lowered guidance.” Guys, they just proved their guidance can be wrong. Why are you taking this new one seriously? 
  • “Our bullish case is conservative.” Then it’s not a bullish case. It’s a conservative case. Those words mean opposite things.
  • “We look where others don’t.” This is said by so many investors that it has to be untrue most of the time. 
  • “Is [X] the next black swan?” Nassim Taleb’s blood pressure rises every time someone says this. You can’t predict black swans. That’s what makes them dangerous.
  • “We’re waiting for more certainty.” Good call. Like in 1929, 1999 and 2007, when everyone knew exactly what the future looked like. Can’t wait!
  • “The Dow is down 50 points as investors react to news of [X].” Stop it – you’re just making stuff up. “Stocks are down and no one knows why” is the only honest headline in this category. 
  • “Investment guru [insert name] says stocks are [insert forecast].” Go to Morningstar.com. Look up that guru’s track record against their benchmark. More often than not, their career performance lags an index fund. Stop calling them gurus.
  • “We’re constructive on the market.” I have no idea what that means. I don’t think you do, either.
  • “[Noun] [verb] bubble.” (That’s a sarcastic observation from investor Eddy Elfenbein.) 
  • “Investors are fleeing the market.” Every stock is owned by someone all the time. 
  • “We expect more volatility.” There has never been a time when this was not the case. Let me guess, you also expect more winters? 
  • “This is a strong buy.” What do I do with this? Click the mouse harder when placing the order in my brokerage account?
  • “He was tired of throwing his money away renting, so he bought a house.” He knows a mortgage is renting money from a bank, right?
  • “This is a cyclical bull market in a secular bear.” Vapid nonsense.  
  • “Will Obamacare ruin the economy?” No. And get a grip. 

So, don’t let these aphorisms blind you to the critical thinking skills you learned in college, honed in medical school and apply every day in life.

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EDUCATION: Books

SPEAKING: Dr. Marcinko will be speaking and lecturing, signing and opining, teaching and preaching, storming and performing at many locations throughout the USA this year! His tour of witty and serious pontifications may be scheduled on a planned or ad-hoc basis; for public or private meetings and gatherings; formally, informally, or over lunch or dinner. All medical societies, financial advisory firms or Broker-Dealers are encouraged to submit a RFP for speaking engagements: CONTACT: MarcinkoAdvisors@outlook.com 

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DRUG: Scheduling & Classifications with Examples

Drugs: (List of Schedule I-V Controlled Drugs)

By Staff Reporters

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Any discussion on narcotics, prescription drugs, or other controlled substances is usually peppered with the word schedule. One substance may be Schedule I, while another is Schedule II, III, IV, or V.

Drugs, substances, and certain chemicals used to make drugs are classified into five (5) distinct categories or schedules depending upon the drug’s acceptable medical use and the drug’s abuse or dependency potential. The abuse rate is a determinate factor in the scheduling of the drug; for example, Schedule I drugs have a high potential for abuse and the potential to create severe psychological and/or physical dependence. As the drug schedule changes — Schedule II, Schedule III, etc., so does the abuse potential — Schedule V drugs represents the least potential for abuse.

A Listing of drugs and their schedule are located at Controlled Substance Act (CSA) Scheduling or CSA Scheduling by Alphabetical Order. These lists describes the basic or parent chemical and do not necessarily describe the salts, isomers and salts of isomers, esters, ethers and derivatives which may also be classified as controlled substances. These lists are intended as general references and are not comprehensive listings of all controlled substances.

Please note that a substance need not be listed as a controlled substance to be treated as a Schedule I substance for criminal prosecution. A controlled substance analogue is a substance which is intended for human consumption and is structurally or pharmacologically substantially similar to or is represented as being similar to a Schedule I or Schedule II substance and is not an approved medication in the United States.

Schedule I Schedule I drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. Some examples of Schedule I drugs are: heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), marijuana (cannabis), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy), methaqualone, and peyote.

Schedule II Schedule II drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. Some examples of Schedule II drugs are: combination products with less than 15 milligrams of hydrocodone per dosage unit (Vicodin), cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin

Schedule III Schedule III drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. Schedule III drugs abuse potential is less than Schedule I and Schedule II drugs but more than Schedule IV. Some examples of Schedule III drugs are: products containing less than 90 milligrams of codeine per dosage unit (Tylenol with codeine), ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone

Schedule IV Schedule IV drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence. Some examples of Schedule IV drugs are: Xanax, Soma, Darvon, Darvocet, Valium, Ativan, Talwin, Ambien, Tramadol

Schedule V Schedule V drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV and consist of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics. Schedule V drugs are generally used for antidiarrheal, antitussive, and analgesic purposes. Some examples of Schedule V drugs are: cough preparations with less than 200 milligrams of codeine or per 100 milliliters (Robitussin AC), Lomotil, Motofen, Lyrica, Parepectolin

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AMAZON: Healthcare Pivot

By Health Capital Consultants, LLC

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Amazon’s Healthcare Pivot

During the January 2025 J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference, Teladoc’s executives announced the company has partnered with Amazon Health Services, joining its Health Benefits Connector program. The program was rolled out in January 2024 and connects Amazon customers with virtual care benefits covered by their insurance plan or employer; if eligible, customers are able to apply to join the program(s).

Teladoc is the fifth company to join Amazon’s Health Benefits Connector program (formerly known as Health Conditions Programs), along with digital physical therapy company Hinge Health; chronic condition management company Omada; online therapy and mental health firm Rula; and behavioral healthcare provider Talkspace. (Read more…) 

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FACILITY CHARGE: Healthcare Service Fees

DEFINITION

By Staff Reporters

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FACILITY CHARGE DEFINED

Classic: Service fee submitted for payment by a healthcare facility, such as a clinic, hospital or ambulatory care center.

Modern: Facility fees are expenses charged by hospitals to cover their overhead – the funding needed to keep the lights on, machines running, and doors open, etc. People who receive outpatient care at hospital-owned buildings are charged a facility fee, in addition to treatment costs and fees charged, individually, by doctors.

Examples: How to Fight Facility Fees:

  • Check with your health agent or insurer. Many insurers don’t cover facility fees or cover only a portion. 
  • Talk to your doctor. It’s hard to tell whether a facility is hospital-run or whether your doctor works for a health system.
  • Negotiate hard.

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DENTISTRY: DDS versus DMD Degree

DENTAL ADA DEGREES

By Colgate and Staff Reporters

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DDS vs. DMD Degree

DDS and DMD are the acronyms of the degrees dentists earn after finishing dental school. DDS means Doctor of Dental Surgery, and DMD can mean either Doctor of Medicine in Dentistry or Doctor of Dental Medicine. While the names are different, the American Dental Association (ADA) explains that they represent the same education. Some universities may grant dental graduates with a DDS, and others grant a DMD, but both degrees have the same requirements.

According to the ADA, the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery established the first Doctor of Dental Surgery degrees in 1840. When Harvard University started its dental school in 1867, their degrees were called Dentariae Medicinae Doctorate (Doctor of Medicine in Dentistry) because Harvard uses Latin names for their degrees. Even though these degrees are based on the same educational requirements, they still have different names.

Difference Between a DDS and a DMD Degree?

Today, many universities award a DMD degree. Dentists with either a DDS or a DMD are educated to practice general dentistry. All dentists receive a rigorous education. First, dental schools typically require a four-year undergraduate education. Afterward, graduates go to dental school for another four years of classroom training, clinical training, and dental laboratory training.

Dental students spend the first two years of dental school studying biomedical sciences courses like anatomy, biochemistry, pathology, and pharmacology. The last two years are focused on clinical and laboratory training.

After graduating from dental school, dentists must pass a national written examination called the National Board Dental Examination, followed by a regional clinical board examination. Dentists must also pass a jurisprudence examination about state laws before being given a license to practice dentistry in that state.

Post Graduate Education After a DDS or DMD

Most dentists stick with practicing general dentistry. However, some choose to specialize in a particular area of dentistry after earning their degree. Training programs range from two to six years, depending upon the specialty area. There are several dental specialties, including endodontics, orthodontics, periodontics, prosthodontics, oral surgery, and pediatric dentistry. The ADA can help you find a dentist with a specialty that fits you best.

Dentists receive a rigorous education and have to pass several exams to be able to practice. Whether they have a DDS or DMD after their name, you should choose a dentist based on their skills, types of services provided, communication, and professionalism.

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ABBREVIATIONS GLOSSARY: Risk Management, Insurance and Asset Protection for Physicians

By Staff Reporters

SPONSOR: http://www.HealthDictionarySeries.org

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RISK MANAGEMENT, LIABILITY INSURANCE AND ASSET PROTECTION ABBREVIATIONS

[Glossary of Important Acronyms]

Much has been written and much has been opined on the topic of medical risk management, insurance, asset protection and professional liability for physicians and healthcare providers in this textbook; and elsewhere.

But occasionally, we all still get lost in a wide array of abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms that are constantly changing in this ecosystem.

And so, this glossary serves as a ready reference for those who want to know about these medical risk management definitions in a quick and ready fashion.

Acronyms and Abbreviations

AAASC             American Association of Ambulatory Surgery Centers

AAHP                American Association of Health Plans

ABN                  advance beneficiary notice

ABQAUR          American Board of Quality Assurance and Utilization Review

ACE                   acute care episode

ACHCE             American College of Health Care Executives

ACS                   American College of Surgeons

ADA                  Americans with Disabilities Act

ADC                  average daily census

ADL                  activities of daily living

ADT                  Admission/Discharge/Transfer

AHA                  American Hospital Association

AHIMA             American Health Information Management Association

AHRQ               Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

AI                      average inventory

AIMR                Association for Investment Management and Research

AIR                    assumed interest rate

ALE                   annualized loss expectancy

ALF                   assisted living facility

ALOS                average length of stay

AMA                 American Medical Association

AMBAC            AMBAC Indemnity Corporation

AMGA               American Medical Group Association

ANSI                 American National Standards Institute

AP                     accounts payable

APA                  American Psychiatric Association

APC                   ambulatory payment classification

APG                   ambulatory payment group

APR                   annual percentage rate

AR                     accounts receivable

ASA                   American Society of Appraisers

ASC                   ambulatory surgery centers; also Accredited Standards Committee

ASHA                American Surgical Hospital Association

ASO                   administrative services only

ASTC                 ancillary service technical component

ATM                  asynchronous transfer mode

AVG                  ambulatory visit group

BANTA             best alternative to negotiated agreement

BBA                  Balanced Budget Act of 1997

BBRA                Balanced Budget Refinement Act [1999]

BCP                   business continuity planning

BEA                   break-even analysis

BEP                   break-even point

BIPA                 Benefits Improvement and Protection Act [2000]

BLS                   Bureau of Labor Statistics

BPD                   border protection device

BS                      balance sheet

BSA                   Bank Secrecy Act

BVS                   business valuation standard

CA                     certificate authority

CAC                  Carrier Advisory Committee

CAS                   cost accounting standards

CASB                Cost Accounting Standards Board

CC                     common criteria [for IT Security Evaluation —ISO/IEC 15408];
complication or comorbidity [for MS-DRGs]

CCA                  certified cost accountant

CCC                   cash conversion cycle

CCEVS              common criteria evaluation and validation scheme

CCHIT               Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology

CCU                  critical care unit

CDC                  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CDH                  consumer-directed healthcare

CDHP                consumer-directed healthcare plan

CDPM               Clinical Data Project Manager

CDSS                 clinical decision support system

CEO                   Chief Executive Officer

CF                      conversion factor

CFA                   Chartered Financial Analyst

CFO                   Chief Financial Officer

CFR                   Code of Federal Regulations

CHAMP             Children’s Health and Medicare Protection Act of 2007

CHAMPUS        Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services

CHE                   Certified Healthcare Executive

CHIPS               Center for Healthcare Industry Performance Studies

CIA                    Corporate Integrity Agreement

CIO                    Chief Information Officer

CIP                    Customer Identification Program

CIS                    computer information systems

CLIA                 Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act

CLT                   capitation liability theory

CME                  continuing medical education

CMI                   case mix index

CMIO                Chief Medical Information Officer

CMIS                 contribution margin income statement

CMN                  Certificate of Medical Necessity

CMP                  Certified Medical Planner ™

CMS                  Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services [formerly HCFA]

COD                  cash on delivery

COGME             Council of Graduate Medical Education

COH                  cash on hand

COLA                cost of living allowance

CON                  Certificate of Need

COO                  Chief Operating Officer

COSO                Committee of Sponsoring Organizations

COTS                 commercial off-the-shelf

CPHQ                Certified Physician in Healthcare Quality

CPIM                 Certificate in Production and Inventory Management

CPI-U                Consumer Price Index—urban

CPM                  critical (clinical) path method

CPOE                computerized physician order entry [system]

CPR                   computer-based patient record

CPT                   current procedural terminology

CQI                    continuous quality improvement

CRL                   Certification Revocation List

CRM                  customer relationship management

CRVS                California Relative Value Studies

CSO                   Chief Security Officer

CT scan              computed tomography scan [also called CAT scan]

CUSIP               Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures

CVE                   common vulnerabilities and exposures

CVPA                cost-volume-profit analysis

CY                     calendar year

DAC                  discretionary access control

DBMS                database management system

DCF                   discounted [net] cash flow

DEA                  Drug Enforcement Agency

DHHS                Department of Health and Human Services

DHMR               Designated Healthcare Management Representative

DIO                   days inventory outstanding

DLH                  doctor labor hours

DME                  durable medical equipment

DNFB                discharged, not finally billed

D&O                  directors and officers

DO                     Doctor of Osteopathy

DOA                  dead on arrival

DoD                   Department of Defense

DOJ                   Department of Justice

DOT                  Department of Transportation

DPH                  Department of Public Health

DPM                  Doctor of Podiatric Medicine

DPO                  days payable outstanding

DPP                   direct participation program

DRA                  Deficit Reduction Act of 2005

DRG                  diagnosis-related group

DES                   disease-specific care

DSH                   disproportionate share hospital [adjustment]

DSO                   days sales outstanding

DSS                   decision support system

DVP                  delivery versus payment

DWC                 days working capital

EAP                   Employee Assistance Program

EBDIT               earnings before depreciation, interest and taxes

EBM                  evidence-based medicine

ECP                   Exposure Control Plan

ED                     emergency department

EDI                    Electronic Data Interchange

EDSS                 Executive Decision Support System

EEOC                Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

EHCR                Efficient Healthcare Consumer Response Report

EHO                  emerging healthcare organization

EHR                   electronic health record

EIN                    employer identification number

E&M                  evaluation and management

EMR                  electronic medical record(s)

EMTALA           Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act

EOB                   explanation of benefits

EOMB               Explanation of Medicare Benefits

EOQ                  economic order quantity

EOQC                economic order quantity cost [analysis]

EPA                   Environmental Protection Agency

ePHI                  electronic personal health information

EPO                   exclusive provider organization

EPR                   electronic patient record

EPRI                  Emergency Preparedness Resource Inventory

ERISA               Employee Retirement Income Security Act

ERP                   enterprise resource planning

FACT Act          Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003

FAR                   federal acquisition regulation

FASB                 Financial Accounting Standards Board

FBCA                Federal Bridge Certification Authority

FC                      fixed cost

FCA                   False Claims Act

FDA                   Food and Drug Administration

FEHBP              federal employees health benefits program

FF&E                 furniture, fixtures and equipment

FFS                    fee-for-service

FGIC                  Financial Guaranty Insurance Company

FHA                   Federal Housing Administration

FIFO                  first in first out

FIPS                   Federal Information Processing Standard

FMAP                Federal Medical Assistance Percentage

FMLA                Family Medical Leave Act

FMV                  fair market value                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

FTP                    file transfer protocol

FV                     fair value

  • FY                     fiscal year

GAAP                generally accepted accounting principles

GAO                  [U.S.] Government Accountability Office (name changed in 2004 from General Accounting Office)

GDP                   gross domestic product

GIGO                 garbage in, garbage out

GMC                  guaranteed mortgage certificate

GNMA               Government National Mortgage Association

GNP                   gross national product

GPWW              Group Practice Without Walls

GSA                   General Services Administration

HARA               Healthcare Accounts Receivable Analysis [report]

HCCM               Hierarchical Condition Category Management

HCFA                [former] Health Care Financing Administration

HCFAC              Healthcare Fraud and Abuse Control [program]

HCFMA             Health Care Financial Management Association

HCPCS              healthcare common procedure coding system

HCSS                 Health Care Staffing Services

HD-HCP            high deductible healthcare plan

HEDIS               Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set

HFMA               Healthcare Financial Management Association

HH                     home health

HHA                  home health agency

HHCA               home healthcare agency

HHRG                home health resource group

[D]HHS             [Department of] Health and Human Services

HIM                   health information management

HIMSS               Health Information and Management Systems Society

HIPAA              Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act [of 1996]

HIPDB               Healthcare Integrity and Protection Data Bank

HIPPS                health insurance prospective payment system

HIS                    hospital information system

HISAC               Healthcare Information Sharing and Analysis Center

HIT                    healthcare information technology

HMMIS              hospital materials management information system

HMO                 health maintenance organization

HOPPS              hospital outpatient prospective payment system

HR                     Human Resources

HSA                   health systems agency; also health savings account

HSG                   hospital service group

HSRV                hospital-specific relative value

I&A                   identification and authentication

IBA                    Institute of Business Appraisers

IBNR                 incurred but not reported [expenses]

ICD-9-CM          International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [10-CM]

ICP                    inventory conversion period

ICSI                   Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement

IDS                    integrated delivery system; also intrusion detection system

IDTF                  independent diagnostic testing facilities

IHS                    Indian Health Services

IME                   indirect medical education [adjustment]

IOM                   Institute of Medicine

IPA                    Independent Physician Association; also Independent Practice Association

IPPS                  [Medicare] inpatient prospective payment system

IRB                    Institutional Review Boards

IRC                    Internal Revenue Code

IRR                    internal rate of return

IRS                    Internal Revenue Service

ISAC                  Information Sharing and Analysis Center

ISMS                  information security management system

ISO                    International Standards Organization

ISP                     Internet service provider

I-SPY Act          Internet Spyware Prevention Act

IT                       information technology

ITL                    Information Technology Laboratory

ITR                    inventory turnover ratio

JAMA                 Journal of the American Medical Association

JCAHO              [former] Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations

[now known as the The Joint Commission-TJC]

JIT                     just-in-time

[inventory management]

LAN                  local area network

LCC                   life-cycle cost

LEP                   limited English proficiency

LIFO                  last in, first out

LIS                     Laboratory Information Systems

LISW                 Licensed Independent Social Worker

LLC                   Limited Liability Company

LLP                   Limited Liability Partnership

LMFT                Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist

LPCC                 Licensed Professional Clinical [Mental Health] Counselor

LOS                   length of stay

LVN                  licensed vocational nurse

LPN                   licensed practical nurse

LRAC                long-range average cost

LRRA                Liability Risk Retention Act

LSP                    limited service provider

LTCPP               long-term care pharmacy provider

MABC               medical activity-based costing

MAC                  monitored anesthesia care; also mandatory access control

MB                    marginal benefit

MBT                  Mechanical Biological Treatment [organization]

MC                    marginal cost

MCC                  major complication or co-morbidity

MCM                 mixed cost method

MCO                  managed care organization

MCS                  Monte Carlo Simulation

MD                    medical doctor

MDC                  major diagnostic category

MEC                  modified endowment contract

MedPAC            Medicare Payment Advisory Commission

MGMA              Medical Group Management Association

MI                      Medical Informatics

MIS                    management information services

MLIC                 malpractice liability insurance component

MMA                 Medicare Prescription Drug, Modernization, and Improvement Act of 2003

MMCO              Medicare Managed Care Organizations

MOE                  maximum office efficiency

MPCA               medical practice cost analysis

MPT                  Modern Portfolio Theory

MR                    medical records, marginal revenue

MSA                  medical savings account

MSCI                 Metals Service Center Institute

MS-DRG            Medicare Severity DRG

MSDS                material safety data sheet

MSO                  management services organization

MUD                 medically unnecessary days

MVO                 mean variance optimization

NACVA             National Association of Certified Valuation Analysts

NAICS               North American Industry Classification System

NAIP                 National Association of Inpatient Physicians

NAHC               National Association of Healthcare Consultants

NASD                National Association of Securities Dealers

NASDAQ          National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations

NAT                  network address translation

NAV                  net asset value

NBER                National Bureau of Economic Research

NCFFR              National Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting

NCPDP              National Council for Prescription Drug Programs

NCQA               National Committee for Quality Assurance

NCUA               National Credit Union Administration

NCVHS             National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics

NDC                  National Drug Code

NEJM                New England Journal of Medicine

NGC                  National Guideline Clearinghouse

NIAP                 National Information Assurance Partnership

NIC                    net interest cost

NIOSH               National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

NIS                    net income statement

NISAC               National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center

NIST                  National Institute of Standards and Technology

NOW account     negotiable order of withdrawal account

NPDB                National Practitioner Data Bank

NPI                    National Provider Identification [number]

NPP                   Notice of Privacy Practices

NPS                   national provider system

NPV                  net present value

NQF                   National Quality Forum

NRC                  National Research Council

NRV                  net-realized accounts receivable value

NSA                   National Security Agency

NTFS                 new technology file system

NTPA                net target profit analysis

NYSE                New York Stock Exchange

OBO                  order book official

OBRA                Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act [of 1989]

OCC                  Option Clearing Corporation

OCR                  optical character recognition; also Office of Civil Rights

OFAC                Office of Foreign Assets Control

OFPP                 Office of Federal Procurement Policy

OID                   original issue discount

OIG                    Office of the Inspector General [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]

OMB                  Office of Management and Budget

OPHC                Office of Prepaid Health Care

OPIM                 other potentially infectious material

OPPS                 outpatient prospective payment system

OS                     operating system

OSI                    open systems interconnect

OR                     operating room

OSHA                Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSJ                    Office of Supervisory Jurisdiction

OTC                   over-the-counter

P4P                    pay-for-performance

P/E                     price to earnings [ratio]

P/R                    price to revenue [ratio]

PAC                   planned amortization certificate

PAY                  post-acquisition year

PC                     [mortgage] participation certificate; also personal computer

PCC                   project cost of capital

PCMCIA            Personal Computer Memory Card International Association

PCP                   primary care physician

PDA                  personal digital assistant

PDX                   Patient Data Exchange

PE[C]                 practice expense [component]

PEO                   professional employer organization

PFS                    patient financial services

PG                     purchasing group

PHA                  public housing authority

PHI                    protected health information

PHN                  Private Health Network

PHO                  physician-hospital organization

PHR                   patient health record

PIN                    personal identification number

PIO                    public information office

PKI                    public/private key informatics/infrastructure

PKIX                 public key infrastructure for X.509 certificates

PLIC                  [mal]practice liability insurance component

PMG                  primary medical group

PM/PM              per member per month

PO                     purchase order

POC                   point-of-care

POL                   physician office laboratory

POS                   point-of-service

POSP                 point of service plan

PP                      projection profile

PP&E                property, plant, and equipment

PPE                   personal protective equipment

PPMC                physician practice management company

PPO                   preferred provider organization

PPS                    [Medicare] prospective payment system

PR                     pregnancy and related conditions

PROM               programmable read-only memory

PSI                     patient safety indicator

PSN                   provider-sponsored network

PSO                   provider-sponsored organization

Pt                       patient

PTO                   paid time off

PWC                  physician work component

PY                     projected year

QA                     quality assurance

QI                      quality improvement

RA                     registration authority

RADIUS            remote authentication dial-in user service

RAN                  Revenue Anticipation Note

RBAC                role-based access control

RBRVG             resource-based relative value group

RBRVS              resource-based relative value scale

RBRVU             resource-based relative value unit

RDBMS             regional database management system

REIT                  real estate investment trust

RERVU             resource-based relative value unit

REV/PP             revenue per patient

RFI                    request for information

RFID                  radio frequency identification device [scanner]

RFP                   request for payment

RHIO                 Regional Health Information Organization

RN                     Registered Nurse

RNANS             Registered Nurses Association of Nova Scotia

ROE                   return on equity

ROI                    return on investment

ROM                  read-only memory

ROP                   re-order point

RRG                   risk-retention group

RSNA                Radiological Society of North America

RUG-III             resource utilization group III

RVS                   relative value scale

RVUm               relative value unit – malpractice

RVUpe               relative value unit – practice expenses

RVUw               relative value unit – work

rWACC              relative weighted average cost of capital

S&P                   Standard and Poor’s

SaaS                   Software-as-a-Service

SAMHSA           Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

SAN                   storage area network

SARS                 Sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome

SBBI                  Stocks, Bonds, Bills and Inflation [Yearbook]

SCIM                 supply chain inventory management

SCF                    statement of cash flows

SCM                  supply chain management

SCP                   standard cost profile

SD                     standard deviation

SDLC                 system development life cycle

SDN                   specially designated nationals

SDO                   standards development organization

SEC                   Securities and Exchange Commission

SERP                 supplemental extended reporting policy

SESIP                sharps with engineered sharps injury protection

SHM                  Society of Hospital Medicine

SIC                    Standard Industrial Code

SIPC                  Securities Investor Protection Corporation

SLA                   service level agreement

SMA                  special miscellaneous account

SMD                  Society of Medical Dental Management Consultants

SMS                   socioeconomic monitoring system

SMTP                simple mail transfer protocol

SNF                   skilled nursing facility

SNMP                simple network management protocol

SP                      special publication

SSH                   single-specialty hospitals

SSL                    secure socket layer

STP                    standard treatment protocol

SVPN                secure virtual private network

TEL                   Terror Exclusion List

TFC                   total fixed cost

TIC                    true interest cost

TIN                    tax identification number

TLS                    transport layer security

TPA                   third party administrator

TQIM                 total quality and improvement management

TQM                  total quality management

UCC                  Uniform Commercial Code

UCSF                 University of California at San Francisco

UDP                  user datagram protocol

UFS                   unix file system

UIIRC                University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center

UM                    utilization management

UPIN                 Unique Provider Identification Number

UR                     utilization review

USPAP              Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practices

v                        variance

VA                     Veterans Affairs

VAR                  value at risk

VC                     variable cost

VOC                  volatile organic chemicals

VPN                  virtual private network

WACC               weighted average cost of capital

WAN                 wide area network

WHO                 World Health Organization

WIA                   weighted industry average

WORM              wrote once-read many

READINGS

  • Marcinko, DE and Hetico, RN: Dictionary of Health Insurance and Managed Care. Springer Publishing, New York, NY 2007
  • Marcinko, DE and Hetico, RN: Dictionary of Health Information Technology and Security. Springer Publishing, New York, NY 2009
  • Marcinko, DE and Hetico, RN: Dictionary of Health Economics and Finance. Springer Publishing, New York, NY 2008

EDUCATION: Books

HEALTHCARE ADMINISTRATION BLOGS 

  • Candid CIO: Will Weider, CIO of Ministry Health Care and Affinity Health System, offers his perspectives on administration issues in this blog.
  • Christina’s Considerations: Christina Thielst is a hospital and healthcare administrator and entrepreneur with a deep desire for continually improving the health of the community being served. This is her blog.
  • Healing Hospitals — Formerly Ask a Hospital President: F. Nicholas “Nick” Jacobs has more than 20 years experience in hospital management, with an acknowledged reputation for innovation and consumer-centered leadership.
  • Hospital Impact: Part of the Fierce network of health sites, this site is becoming popular among healthcare administrators for its news updates, tips and opinions on health care matters.
  • Leading the Way to Medical Excellence: the president of McLeod Health non-profit institutions provides weekly insights into his facilities and health care in general.
  • Let’s Talk Health Care: Bruce Bullen, Interim Chief Executive Officer at Harvard Pilgrim in Massachusetts, provides and open and ongoing conversation about health care administration.
  • Life as a Healthcare CIO: Dr. John Halamka records his experiences with infrastructure, applications, policies, management, and governance as he supports 3,000 doctors, 18,000 faculty and about three million patients.
  • Managed Care Matters: Joe Paduda shares his knowledge on managed care for group health, health policy, health research, and medical news for insurers, employers, and healthcare providers.
  • More than Medicine: Tom Quinn, president and CEO of Community General Hospital in Syracuse, New York, began his career as a hospital kitchen worker. His perspective on administration reflects his knowledge on how hospitals work from every angle.
  • Regis University Health Services Administration Blog: Learn more about a college health service through the blog provided by its health administrator, Michael Jackson.
  • Running a Hospital: A CEO of a large Boston hospital shares thoughts on hospitals, medicine and health care issues.
  • St. Joseph Medical Center: Chief Executive Officer at St. Joseph Medical Center in Missouri, Mr. Kashman, provides personal insight into administrative matters and general topics.
  • Todd’s Perspective: Todd Linden, president and CEO of Grinnell Regional Medical Center, offers insights into medical administration and guest bloggers provide insight into various departments.
  • Wachter’s World: This blog focuses on hospitals, hospitalists, quality, safety, policy and much more from Robert M. Wachter, MD, Professor and Associate Chairman of the Department of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.

                 Legal Matters

  • Drug and Device Law: This blog contains an attorney’s personal views (and those of several other Dechert attorneys) on topics that arise in the defense of pharmaceutical and medical device product liability litigation.
  • Drug Injury Watch: Learn more about drug injury lawsuits from an attorney who represents patients and their families.
  • FDA Law Blog: Hyman, Phelps & McNamara, P.C. is the largest dedicated food and drug law firm in the country. Their knowledge about laws and regulations governing drugs, medical devices, foods, dietary supplements, and cosmetics is helpful to anyone interested in these topics.
  • Health Care Law Blog: Bob Coffield’s expertise lies in helping businesses and health care providers weave through a variety of state and federal health care regulations and assisting them in business transactions.
  • Health Plan Law: This site contains information about group health plans, claims administration and related ERISA fiduciary issues. This site also contains tutorials.
  • HealthBlawg: this is David Harlow’s popular health care law blog, offering expert insights and easy-to-understand analysis.
  • Healthcare Law Blog: Holland & Hart’s healthcare practice provides insight into this arena, including HIPAA, Stark law, the Anti-kickback Statute and more.
  • HIPAA Blog: Join in on this discussion of medical privacy issues often buried in “political arcana.”
  • HIPAA, HiTech & HIT: This updated blog brings insight into legal issues, developments and other pertinent information that relates to the creation, use and exchange of electronic health records.
  • HIT Blawg: This blog is focused on national health information technology legal trends and current news on this topic.
  • Home Care Law Blog: Learn more about legal and policy issues in the home health care, private duty and hospice industries from Gilliland & Markette LLP.
  • Med Law Blog: This law blog focuses on topics that range from compliance to contracts and from employee benefits to HIPAA and HIT.
  • Physician Law: This blog provides and easy way to stay on top of current news, updates and useful tips relating to legal issues that affect physicians and non-institutional providers.

                 eHealth and Health IT

  • Chilmark Research: This blog provides perspectives on key IT trends in the healthcare sector.
  • davidrothman.net: David is the Information Services Specialist at the Community General Hospital Medical Library, but he also provides great ideas for 2.0 tools and tips for healthcare industry professionals on this blog.
  • e-CareManagement blog: Vince Kuraitis, owner of Better Health Technologies, LLC, has a passion for disease management and care coordination that dates back to 1995.
  • e-HealthExpert: A non-profit organization provides a free and open forum to support the development of expertise in the field of eHealth, Healthcare Information Systems, and Health IT (Clinical IT).
  • eHealth: John Sharp is an IT Manager for a major medical center in Northeast Ohio, with a focus on ehealth, personal health records, Web 2.0 technologies, Windows Sharepoint Services and project management.
  • Found In Cache: If you would prefer a professional’s take on social media matters, Web sites and all things technological, then follow Ed Bennett, a technology expert for a Maryland medical care system.
  • Future Health IT: A health IT and EPR advocate from the UK provides a format to discuss the future of health care and IT.
  • Informaticopia: This UK blogger provides eclectic news and views on health informatics and elearning.
  • MedGadget: Stay ahead of the gadget curve with this site, which offers information about the newest health care gadgets on the market as well as emerging medical technologies.
  • Neil Versel’s Healthcare IT Blog: A healthcare journalist’s provides his views on the major segment of the industry he covers — and, he provides a ton of links to other sites as well.
  • Schwartz Healthcare IT Blog: A variety of authors from Schwartz Communications provide insights into ways to use IT effectively within healthcare facilities.
  • The Health IT Channel: For a different perspective on IT and EHR as well as other health care issues, watch a few videos at this site.
  • The Healthcare IT Guy: The CEO of Netspective, a Java/.NET consultancy that specializes in healthcare IT with an emphasis on e-health, EMRs, data integration, and legacy modernization, supplies tips and information for physicians and healthcare administration.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: To Mackenzie H. Marcinko PhD of iMBA Inc., Perry D’Alessio CPA CMP™ [Hon] New York, NY; and Daniel B.  Moisand CFP®, Principal for Moisand Fitzgerald Tamayo, Melbourne, FL.

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LEVERAGE FINANCIAL RATIOS for Doctors

By CFI Team and Staff Reporters

SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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Leverage Financial Ratios

Leverage ratios measure the amount of capital that comes from debt. In other words, leverage financial ratios are used to evaluate a company’s debt levels. Common leverage ratios include the following:

The debt ratio measures the relative amount of a company’s assets that are provided from debt:

Debt ratio = Total liabilities / Total assets

The debt to equity ratio calculates the weight of total debt and financial liabilities against shareholders’ equity:

Debt to equity ratio = Total liabilities / Shareholder’s equity

The interest coverage ratio shows how easily a company can pay its interest expenses:

Interest coverage ratio = Operating income / Interest expenses

The debt service coverage ratio reveals how easily a company can pay its debt obligations:

Debt service coverage ratio = Operating income / Total debt service

EDUCATION: Books

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PT BARNUM: Forer Bias Effect

By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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As in the case of Declinism, to better understand the Forer effect (commonly known as the Barnum Effect), it’s helpful to acknowledge that people like their world to make sense. If it didn’t, we would have no pre-existing routine to fall back on and we’d have to think harder to contextualise new information.

Note: Phineas Taylor Barnum (July 5, 1810 – April 7, 1891) was an American showman, businessman, and politician remembered for promoting celebrated hoaxes and founding with Jim Bailey the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. He was also an author, publisher, and philanthropist although he said of himself: “I am a showman by profession … and all the gilding shall make nothing else of me.” According to Barnum’s critics, his personal aim was “to put money in his own coffers”. According to Wikipedia, the adage “there’s a sucker born every minute” has frequently been attributed to him, although no evidence exists that he had coined the phrase

With that, if there are gaps in our thinking of how we understand things, we will try to fill those gaps in with what we intuitively think makes sense, subsequently reinforcing our existing schema(s). As our minds make such connections to consolidate our own personal understanding of the world, it is easy to see how people can tend to process vague information and interpret it in a manner that makes it seem personal and specific to them. Given our egocentric nature (along with our desire for nice, neat little packages and patterns), when we process vague information, we hold on to what we deem meaningful to us and discard what is not. Simply, we better process information we think is specifically tailored to us, regardless of ambiguity.

More specifically, according to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, the Forer effect refers to the tendency for people to accept vague and general personality descriptions as uniquely applicable to themselves without realizing that the same description could be applied to just about everyone else (Forer, 1949). For example, when people read their horoscope, even vague, general information can seem like it’s advising something relevant and specific to them.

Remember, we make thousands of decisions every day, some more important than others. Make sure that the ones that do matter are not made based on bias, but rather on reflective judgment and critical thinking.

EDUCATION: Books

SPEAKING: Dr. Marcinko will be speaking and lecturing, signing and opining, teaching and preaching, storming and performing at many locations throughout the USA this year! His tour of witty and serious pontifications may be scheduled on a planned or ad-hoc basis; for public or private meetings and gatherings; formally, informally, or over lunch or dinner. All medical societies, financial advisory firms or Broker-Dealers are encouraged to submit a RFP for speaking engagements: MarcinkoAdvisors@outlook.com 

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SIGNS: Aging Check-Up

How to check for signs of aging?

By Staff Reporters

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Standing on one leg

Dr. Claudio Gil Araujo’s 12-year study in Brazil of 1,702 people enlisted participants to try the above exercise (it was then repeated on the other leg.) One hundred and twenty-three people died in the 10 years that followed – equivalent to an 84 per cent heightened risk of death, when adjustments for underlying conditions, age and sex were made. 

Causation has yet to be established. However: “this rapid and objective feedback… adds useful information regarding mortality risk in middle-aged and older men and women,” the paper reports.

And, the findings of the study has led to Araujo pushing for balance tests to be part of health screenings for the elderly due to correlation between poor balance and various medical conditions – from hearing loss to severe diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s.

Even if you are considered to be a healthy adult, the inability to balance on one leg for over 20 seconds could be linked to an increased risk of small blood vessel damage in the brain, reduced cognitive function and strokes.

EDUCATION: Books

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STOCKS: Fractional Shares for Young Medical Professionals

By Staff Reporters

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Suppose, as a medical or nursing school student, or new practitioner, you want to invest in a company, but its stock price may be higher than what you want, or can afford, to pay.

Instead of buying a whole share of stock, you can buy a fractional share, which is a “slice” of stock that represents a partial share, for very little money (ie., $5 at Charles Schwab).

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Example: If a company’s stock is selling at $1,000 a share and you were buying $200 worth of it, you would own 0.2 (20%) of a share. With stock slices, investing has never been more accessible.

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EDUCATION: Books

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DENTISTS: Prescribing Limits

Rx – What Dentists Can’t Do

By Staff Reporters

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Dentists are limited to prescribing medications that address oral and dental health only.

For example, they cannot provide prescriptions for conditions unrelated to dentistry, such as chronic illnesses like diabetes or respiratory infections. Additionally, dentists do not prescribe medications for mental health or hormonal issues.

These limitations ensure that dental professionals focus strictly on oral health and leave more complex medical issues to general physicians or specialists. This distinction helps protect patients from receiving inappropriate or harmful treatments outside the dentist’s expertise.

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A NEW NORM: Revising Financial Planning Principles for Physicians?

DR. DAVID EDWARD MARCINKO; MBA MEd CMP

SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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In 1972, Nobel Laureate Kenneth J. Arrow, PhD shocked academe’ by identifying health economics as a separate and distinct field. Yet, the seemingly disparate insurance, tax, risk management and financial planning principles that he also studied are just now becoming transparent to some medical professionals and their financial advisors. Despite the fact that a basic, but hardly promoted premise of this new wave financial planning era, is imprecision.

More: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2024/11/09/arrow-information-paradox/

Nevertheless, to informed cognoscenti like Certified Medical Planners™, the principles served as predecessors to the modern physician-focused financial advisory niche sector. In 2004, Arrow was selected as one of eight recipients of the National Medal of Science for his innovative views.

More: http://www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org

And now, as a long bull market may be over, and if the current “new-normal” prevails – meaning a 4.5% real annualized rate of return on equities and a 1.5% real rate on bonds – wealth accumulation for all may be reduced.

An Imprecise Science

There is a major variable, dominant in any marketplace that pushes an economy in a forward direction. It is called consumerism. This became apparent while waiting in a doctor’s office one recent afternoon.

Scenario:

The front office receptionist, who appeared to be about 21 years old, was breaking for lunch and her replacement, who appeared not much older, came over to assist. Realizing the propensity for a long wait, one was taken by the size of waiting room and the number of patients coming in and out of the office. [Americans consume healthcare and a lot of it]. There was another notable peculiarity. The sample prescription bags being carried out the door were no match for the bags under everyone’s eyes, including the doctor’s. The office staff was probably working overtime, if not two jobs, and the doctor was working harder and faster in a managed care system.

Assessment

Why? So they all could afford to buy and voraciously consume for their children and themselves. Americans indeed work longer hours than any other industrialized nation.

Conclusion

Finally, as women medical professionals entered the workforce in unprecedented numbers, the stock markets reached an all time high in 2025, even as money was spent at a feverish pace as the Federal Reserve pumped out money in inflammatory fashion.

EDUCATION: Books

SPEAKING: Dr. Marcinko will be speaking and lecturing, signing and opining, teaching and preaching, storming and performing at many locations throughout the USA this year! His tour of witty and serious pontifications may be scheduled on a planned or ad-hoc basis; for public or private meetings and gatherings; formally, informally, or over lunch or dinner. All medical societies, financial advisory firms or Broker-Dealers are encouraged to submit a RFP for speaking engagements: CONTACT: MarcinkoAdvisors@outlook.com 

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IRS: Tax Deductions

CLARINET LESSONS

By Staff Reporters

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In 1962, a parent was able to deduct the cost of their child’s clarinet lessons and the instrument itself, after they were prescribed by an orthodontist to fix the child’s overbite, according to a report by Boston University School of Law.  

Unsurprisingly, it initially went to court, where it was ruled that it qualified as a legitimate medical expense (despite not being the most traditional treatment).

So, when it comes to the IRS, it’s not always about prescriptions or surgeries — sometimes, even clarinet lessons can count.

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FEBRUARY: National Cancer Prevention Month

By Staff Reporters

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February is National Cancer Prevention Month. While life can become unpredictable with challenges and setbacks like a cancer diagnosis, there are many things you can do today to reduce your risk of developing this illness. So, the experts at Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center recommend the following

LIFESTYLE HABITS

  • Eat healthy: Eating well-balanced meals that include fruits and vegetables, whole grain foods, low or non-fat dairy products, and limited red or processed meats can all help reduce cancer risks.
  • Exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity each week. Physical activity lowers stress hormones, improves the immune system, and is associated with living a long, healthy life. Regular participation in physical activity has been linked to a decreased risk of colon, breast, lung, and endometrial cancer.
  • Maintain a healthy weight: Try to achieve and maintain a healthy weight throughout your life.
  • Avoid tobacco: Don’t smoke or use smokeless tobacco.
  • Limit alcohol: Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all.

MORE: https://www.msn.com/en-us/health/other/february-recognized-as-national-cancer-prevention-month/ar-AA1zlQk1?ocid=BingNewsSerp

EDUCATION: Books

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DOCTORATE: Speech Pathology

By Staff Reporters

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Becoming a speech language pathologist requires earning a master’s degree accredited by ASHA (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association). A doctorate will take a minimum of three years to complete in addition to the master’s degree. These subjects are typically studied:

  • Aphasia
  • Fluency disorders
  • Craniofacial disorders
  • Augmentative communication
  • Disorders of phonology and articulation
  • Swallowing disorders
  • Cognitive effects on language

In speech pathology, there are several different choices when it comes to the most advanced degrees in the business:

  • Doctor of Philosophy in Speech Pathology (PhD) – A PhD is the oldest and most traditional type of doctoral degree. This path is most closely associated with research and academic study of speech pathology. PhDs may be heavily invested in becoming professors in SLP or in performing high-level research that drives the field forward with groundbreaking new therapies or diagnostic programs.
  • Doctor of Clinical Speech Pathology (SLP-D) – The SLP-D is the clinical doctorate in speech pathology. The education is just as advanced and in-depth as in a PhD program, but the focus is more on treatment and working directly with patients than with research and academics.
  • Doctor of Education (EdD) – Although an EdD is not technically a degree specific to speech pathology, many practitioners consider earning an EdD as their most advanced degree. That’s because so many speech pathologists practice in education specifically. According to ASHA, 43 percent of SLPs work in schools.

The US Department of Labor [USDOL] does not track the specific salaries offered to doctoral-level speech pathologists. But according to 2020 data, the top ten percent in the profession can make more than $122,790 per year.

Again, while a PhD, EdE or SLP-D may use the title “Dr,” they are different than an MD/DO/DPM/DDS/DMD as they cannot write prescriptions or perform surgery.

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AUDITORY: Ear Illusions?

VIRAL AUDIO DEBATES

By Staff Reporters

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Auditory Illusions are like magic tricks for your ears. They make you hear things that aren’t there or misinterpret sounds. Think of the famous “Yanny or Laurel” debate – two people hear completely different words from the same audio clip.

NOTE: Yanny or Laurel is an auditory illusion that became popular in May 2018, in which a short audio recording of speech can be heard as one of two words. 53 percent of over 500,000 respondents to a Twitter poll reported hearing a man saying the word “Laurel”, while 47 percent of people reported hearing a voice saying the name “Yanny”. Analysis of the sound frequencies has confirmed that both sets of sounds are present in the mixed recording, but some users focus on the higher-frequency sounds in “Yanny” and cannot seem to hear the lower sounds of the word “Laurel”. When the audio clip is slowed to lower frequencies, the word “Yanny” is heard by more listeners, while faster playback loudens “Laurel.”

According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, our brains love patterns, sometimes too much, leading us to hear phantom sounds or misinterpret music lyrics. It’s a reminder that our senses are easily fooled, so don’t believe everything you hear.

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PATIENTS: Self Diagnostic Risks

PAGING DOCTOR GOOGLE

BY DR. DAVID EDWARD MARCINKO; MBA MEd CMP™

SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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While health care is not “do-it-yourself,” an informed patient can be an asset. A poorly informed patient, on the other hand, clearly complicates treatment. Assume the responsibility of being the primary information source and educator for your patient. To help deal with a self-diagnosing patient, consider the following as suggested by: David B. Troxel, MD, Medical Consultant to The Doctors Company:

  • Encourage patients to always check with you about the accuracy of information obtained from external sources. Use the intake time to find out what Internet information the patient has found.
  • Directly discuss what the patient has read, even if the patient’s external source is a good one in your professional opinion. The exchange enhances your relationship with the patient and can increase treatment compliance. Welcome questions, and help put the patient’s information in the appropriate context.
  • Provide your patient with a list of Web sites that provide accurate information, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (www.cdc.gov). Make sure the patient understands the limitations of the Internet.
  • Document in the patient’s chart your diagnosis, your treatment management plan, and medication prescribed, as well as the reasons behind your decisions.

EDUCATION: Books

SPEAKING: Dr. Marcinko will be speaking and lecturing, signing and opining, teaching and preaching, storming and performing at many locations throughout the USA this year! His tour of witty and serious pontifications may be scheduled on a planned or ad-hoc basis; for public or private meetings and gatherings; formally, informally, or over lunch or dinner. All medical societies, financial advisory firms or Broker-Dealers are encouraged to submit a RFP for speaking engagements: MarcinkoAdvisors@outlook.com 

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FEBRUARY: National Children’s Dental Health Month

AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION

By ADA and Staff Reporters

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Every day should be about children’s dental health

This is the message behind the ADA’s National Children’s Dental Health Month resources for 2025. Observed nationally each February, the recognition brings together thousands of dedicated professionals, health care providers and educators to promote the benefits of good oral health to children, their caregivers, teachers and many others.

The ADA is offering new materials to celebrate and promote the importance of children’s dental health, not only during the month of February, but all year.

Posters and flyers emphasizing the importance of brushing are available for free download in two kid-friendly, topical designs and two sizes, 8.5″x11″ and 11″x17″. Matching coloring sheets are offered in 8.5″x11″. All materials have instructions for proper brushing and are available in English and Spanish from ADA.org/NCDHM.

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In addition, the ADA’s 2025 Brushing Calendar is available for free download. This 12-month calendar is valuable year-round for promoting healthy behaviors like brushing twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste to help prevent dental disease. Kids can track their daily brushing and flossing routines and exercise their creativity by coloring the calendar image for each month.

Another tool, the NCDHM Program Planning Guide, provides resources for program coordinators, dental societies, teachers and parents to promote the benefits of good oral health to children. The guide includes easy-to-do activities, program planning tips, a sample NCDHM proclamation and more.

“The sooner children understand the value of good oral health habits, the more likely they are to continue these habits well into adulthood,” said ADA President Brett Kessler, D.D.S. “The ADA is proud that NCDHM will once again equip some of the most influential figures in kids’ lives — like parents, educators and health care providers — to help set our nation’s kids on the path to a lifetime of healthy smiles and healthier lives.”

National Children’s Dental Health Month observances began with a one-day event in Cleveland and a one-week celebration in Akron, Ohio, in February 1941. Since then, the concept has evolved into a nationwide program.

The ADA held the first national observance of Children’s Dental Health Day on February 8th, 1949. The one-day event became a week long event in 1955, and in 1981 the program was extended to a month long celebration known today as National Children’s Dental Health Month.

For questions about NCDHM resources, please email ncdhm@ada.org. For oral health resources, visit MouthHealthy.org.

EDUCATION: Books

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ORTHOREXIA NERVOSA: Defined

By Staff Reporters

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Orthorexia is an obsession with eating healthy food. For people who develop the eating disorder, the intention to eat nutritious food turns into a fixation. Instead of generally striving to eat more healthy foods, people with OCD orthorexia cut out entire food groups they feel aren’t healthy, which can result in nutritional deficiencies, mental health challenges, and social isolation.

The signs of orthorexia can also be very difficult to identify, says Sadi Fox, PhD, a licensed psychotherapist who has been working with people with eating disorders for 10 years. Since eating healthy is generally perceived as a good thing, people with orthorexia might be praised for their disorder, not know they have a problem, and not end up getting the help they need—which is the case for some patients who work with Fox. “A lot of people are just like, ‘Whoa, I didn’t even realize how deep [into my eating disorder] I was,’” she says.

People with orthorexia might make food choices based on different approaches they see on social media, but that doesn’t necessarily mean it’s backed by science, says Fox. Narrowing down the foods you eat, especially based on misinformation, is a “slippery slope” for other disordered behaviors, she adds.

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DOCTORATE: Physical Therapy

By Staff Reporters

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A Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) helps people improve their mobility and physical functioning, manage pain, and prevent disability. After earning an undergraduate degree, a person can enroll in a DPT program, which is typically three years. The curriculum includes courses in biology, anatomy, physiology, kinesiology (movement), neurology, cardiopulmonary (heart and lung) rehabilitation, behavioral sciences, and pharmacology.

Clinical rotations are a major component of DPT education. They may perform clinical rotations in various settings including a PT clinic, hospital, nursing care facility, rehabilitation clinic, and school.  At the end of their coursework and clinical rotation, a student earns a DPT degree but still must pass a state licensure exam to practice as a physical therapist.2

On average, a DPT in the U.S. makes $105,710 per year, according to 2024 statistics.

While a DPT may use the title “Dr,” they are different from an MD/DO/DPM/DDS. A DPT cannot write prescriptions or perform surgery. A DPT is also different from a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy). DPT is treatment-focused, whereas the PhD is research-focused.

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NEWEST THOUGHTS: Physician Personal Emergency Fund Size is Getting Complicated

SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd

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It has been said that most ordinary people should have at least three to six months of living expenses (not including taxes) in a cash-equivalent reserve fund that is easily accessible (i.e., liquid).  The amount needed for a one-month reserve is equal to the amount of expenses for the month, rather than the amount of monthly income. This is because during no-income months there is no income tax.  

However, the situation might not be the same for physicians in today’s harsh economic climate. 

The New Realities

Now, some physician-focused financial advisors, financial planners and Certified Medical Planners™ suggest even more reserve fund savings; up to two years. That’s because many factors come into play when determining how much a particular doctor’s family should have.

For example: 

  • Does the family have one income or two? If the doctor is in a dual-income family with stable incomes and they live on a single income, the need for a liquid reserve is less.  
  • How stable is the doctor’s income source? If a sole provider with an unstable income who spends all of the income each month, the need for a liquid cash reserve is high. 
  • Does the doctor own the practice, work in a clinic, medical group, hospital or healthcare system? In other words – employee (less control) or employer (more control). 
  • What is the doctor’s medical specialty and how has managed care penetrated his locale, or affected her focus? What about a DO, DDS/DMD or DPM, etc.
  • How does the family use its income each month; does it have a saver, spender, or investor mentality?  
  • Does the family anticipate the possibility of large expenses occurring in the future (medical practice start-up costs or practice purchase; children, medical school student debts; auto or home loans; and/or liability suits, etc)?  
  • Pan physician lifestyle?

The Past 

In the ancient past, a doctor may have opted for a nine-twelve month reserve if the need for security was high – and a six-to-nine month reserve if the need for security was low. But today, even more may be needed.  How about 15-18 months, or more? Perhaps even 24 months!

So, the following questions may be helpful in determining the amount of reserve needed by the physician: 

1. How long would it take you to find another job in your medical specialty if you suddenly found yourself unemployed – same for your spouse?

2. Would you have to relocate – same for your spouse? 

3. How much do you spend each month on fixed or discretionary expenses and would you be willing to lower your monthly expenses if you were unemployed? 

Assessment

Once the amount of reserve is determined, the doctor should use the appropriate investment vehicles for the funds. 

At minimum, the reserve should be invested in a money market fund. For larger reserves, an ultra-short-term bond fund might be appropriate for amounts over three-six months. While even larger reserves might be kept in a short term bond fund depending on interest rates and trends. 

So, what do the initials M.D. really mean? … More Dough!

How much reserve do you have and where is it stashed?

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EDUCATION: Books

SPEAKING: Dr. Marcinko will be speaking and lecturing, signing and opining, teaching and preaching, storming and performing at many locations throughout the USA this year! His tour of witty and serious pontifications may be scheduled on a planned or ad-hoc basis; for public or private meetings and gatherings; formally, informally, or over lunch or dinner. All medical societies, financial advisory firms or Broker-Dealers are encouraged to submit a RFP for speaking engagements: MarcinkoAdvisors@outlook.com 

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PHYSICIAN ENTREPRENEURS: Rising Again!

By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd

SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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Marcinko Associates is a financial guide. We help answer your questions in an empowering way. We educate and empower medical colleagues to understand their financial picture and to make better financial decisions. We strive to simplify everything, clear up confusion, and address specific needs and goals.

Whatever your financial situation, we do not shame, criticize, or sell. We enrich, educate and empower. We work with medical colleagues at every stage of their financial journey, through big life personal changes to annual employment reviews, in order to help them understand, invest, and protect their money and autonomy.

And, like the famed ‘Tibetan Sherpas“, we guide physician entrepreneurs from medical practice business plan creation, funding, start-up operations and strategic management improvement to maximize profits and stream-line patient care quality initiatives.

READ: https://marcinkoassociates.com/welcome-medical-colleagues/

REQUEST FREE BUSINESS PLAN WHITE PAPER

EDUCATION: Books

SPEAKING: Dr. Marcinko will be speaking and lecturing, signing and opining, teaching and preaching, storming and performing at many locations throughout the USA this year! His tour of witty and serious pontifications may be scheduled on a planned or ad-hoc basis; for public or private meetings and gatherings; formally, informally, or over lunch or dinner. All medical societies, financial advisory firms or Broker-Dealers are encouraged to submit a RFP for speaking engagements: MarcinkoAdvisors@outlook.com 

Just email: MarcinkoAdvisors@outlook.com

Thank You

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MARCINKO & ASSOCIATES: Core Operating Values

SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd

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D. E. Marcinko & Associates Core Operating Values

9.   We act with honesty, integrity and are always straightforward.
8.   We strive to be innovative, creative, iconoclastic, and flexible.
7.   We admit and learn from mistakes and don’t repeat them.
6.   We work hard always as competitors are trying to catch up.
5.   We treat others with dignity and respect.
4.   We are the onus of consulting advice for the well being of others.
3.   We fight complacency as former success is in the past.
2.   The best management styles are timeless, not timely.
1.   Our clients are colleagues and always come first.

EDUCATION: Books

SPEAKING: Dr. Marcinko will be speaking and lecturing, signing and opining, teaching and preaching, storming and performing at many locations throughout the USA this year! His tour of witty and serious pontifications may be scheduled on a planned or ad-hoc basis; for public or private meetings and gatherings; formally, informally, or over lunch or dinner. All medical societies, financial advisory firms or Broker-Dealers are encouraged to submit a RFP for speaking engagements: MarcinkoAdvisors@outlook.com 

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Doctor Entrepreneur's Podcast | Libsyn Directory

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HEALTH ECONOMICS: Who Should Study and Learn this Dismal Science?

DR. DAVID EDWARD MARCINKO MBA MEd CPHQ CMP™

By Staff Reporters

SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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Who should study health economics?

Understanding how economic behavior factors into health and health care decisions can benefit anyone interested in this field. However, the following groups of individuals may benefit most from the study of health economics:

  • Medical providers: Doctors, nurses, and assistants can evaluate new treatments, technologies, and services to determine ways to deliver value-based care. Medical providers benefit from understanding the economics behind these developments [MD/DO, DPM, DDS/DMD, RN, PA, etc].
  • Administrators: Health care administrators process insurance co-payments and manage financial metrics for health care providers. Learning the intricacies of health care economics can provide the necessary context as they liaise with insurance providers and use new technologies to process payments.
  • Policymakers or public health officials: Those who are in charge of policy decisions at the local, state, federal, or international levels benefit from understanding the economic relationship between stakeholders and the general public.
  • Business leaders: Because many Americans receive private insurance, health care becomes a major expense for employers. Business leaders must understand the health economics outlook to appease their employees, shareholders, and even their customers.

EDUCATION: Books

SPEAKING: Dr. Marcinko will be speaking and lecturing, signing and opining, teaching and preaching, storming and performing at many locations throughout the USA this year! His tour of witty and serious pontifications may be scheduled on a planned or ad-hoc basis; for public or private meetings and gatherings; formally, informally, or over lunch or dinner. All medical societies, financial advisory firms or Broker-Dealers are encouraged to submit a RFP for speaking engagements: MarcinkoAdvisors@outlook.com 

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FEBRUARY: American Heart Month

SAVE A LIFE

By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd and Staff Reporters

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Did you know more than 23,000 children experience cardiac arrest outside of the hospital each year?

Learn CPR today so you can be ready and become a part of the Nation of Lifesavers. Because no one, especially our most precious ones, should face a life-changing moment alone.

CPR: https://www.heart.org/en/nation-of-lifesavers

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OPTOMETRY Doctor [OD]

By Staff Reporters

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Optometry Doctor [OD]: An optometrist has an Optometry Doctor (OD) degree and can assess overall eye health and the quality of a person’s vision through a comprehensive examination. They diagnose and treat many eye disorders that do not require surgery or further specialized care. An optometrist can also identify symptoms of other health conditions that may affect the eyes, such as diabetes. Some also specialize in a field like pediatric care.

Optometrists [OD] and ophthalmologists [MD/DO] are both eye doctors, but they have different types of training and areas of expertise. If you need an eye exam—and think you may need glasses or contact lenses—an optometrist is a good first choice. To become an optometrist, a person needs to complete four years of additional education after a bachelor’s degree. Sometimes they complete a residency as well.

Now, ODs are licensed doctors and can prescribe medication. However, optometrists have a defined scope of practice that that revolves largely around the eyes. Optometrists can not prescribe all the same medications that your family doctor or ophthalmologist can.

So, if your eye issue requires surgery, or for specific conditions related to your eyes or overall health, you’ll want to visit an ophthalmologist [MD/DO].

On average, an optometrist in the U.S. makes about $131,860 per year, according to 2023 statistics.

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BRAIN HEALTH: Bilingualism

Bilinguals show evidence of brain maintenance in Alzheimer’s disease

By Staff Reporters

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A new analysis of neuro-imaging data has found that individuals with Alzheimer’s disease who speak only one language (monolinguals) have reduced hippocampal volume in the brain. This reduction was not observed in individuals who speak at least two languages (bilinguals).

The research was published in Bilingualism: Language and Cognition.

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LMU: Doctor of Medical Science [DMS] Degree?

LEGIT or NOT?

By Staff Reporters

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A new pathway will result in a degree called the “Doctor of Medical Science” (DMS); this training is designed for someone—not a physician—to practice clinical medicine with all of the privileges afforded to a medical doctor in the discipline of primary care.

Lincoln Memorial University (LMU) recently announced the start of this new program. In a recent press release they stated, “Lincoln Memorial University is pleased to announce a new type of medical training with its launch of the brand new Doctor of Medical Science (DMS) degree. The only one of its kind, this program bridges the gaps between physician and physician assistant (PA) training for the development of a new type of doctoral trained provider to aid Appalacia and other health care shortage areas.”

The DMS will be for Physician Assistants who have at least three years experience in clinical practice. The curriculum will be a two year program and will consist of 50 credits. The first year will have online didactics delivered by clinical and PhD specialists on staff at LMU-DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine and other teaching hospitals. The second year will be more online didactics specific to a clinical specialty.

LMU has already received approval for this program from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

Cite: https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-doctor-of-medical-science_b_593ef537e4b094fa859f1af3

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MOTIVATION: “Rose Colored” Reasoning

By Staff Reporters

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Motivated Reasoning is the tendency to process information in a way that aligns with your desires and preconceptions. It’s like having rose-colored glasses for your beliefs.

Motivated reasoning (motivational reasoning bias) is a cognitive and social response in which we, consciously or sub-consciously, allow emotion-loaded motivational biases to affect how new information is perceived. Individuals tend to favor evidence that coincides with their current beliefs and reject new information that contradicts them, despite contrary evidence.

According to Wikipedia, motivated reasoning can be classified into two categories: 1) Accuracy-oriented (non-directional), in which the motive is to arrive at an accurate conclusion, irrespective of the individual’s beliefs, and 2) Goal-oriented (directional), in which the motive is to arrive at a particular conclusion.

Furthermore, colleague Dan Ariely PhD suggests that when we encounter any new information, we twist and turn it to fit our existing views. This mental gymnastics helps us avoid cognitive dissonance but can also lead us astray.

So, next time you’re defending your viewpoint, ask yourself: am I seeing this clearly, or is it motivated reasoning at play?

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ABOUT: Microsoft® Health Users Group

MSFT-HUG Update

By Dr. David Edward Marcinko; MBA MEd

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MSHUG: Microsoft Healthcare Users Group (MS-HUG) unified with the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) as part of the HIMSS Users Group Alliance Program in October 2003.

Today, the unification strengthens the commitment of HIMSS and MS-HUG to better serve their members and the industry through a shared strategic vision to provide leadership and healthcare information technology solutions that improve the delivery of patient care.

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KARPMAN: Drama Triangle [Conflict Interaction]

DEFINITION

By Staff Reporters

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The Karpman drama triangle is a social model of human interaction proposed by San Francisco psychiatrist, Stephen B. Karpman in 1968. The triangle maps a type of destructive interaction that can occur among people in conflict. The drama triangle model is a tool used in psychotherapy, specifically transactional analysis. The triangle of actors in the drama are persecutors, victims and rescuers.

Karpman described how in some cases these roles were not undertaken in an honest manner to resolve the presenting problem, but rather were used fluidly and switched between by the actors in a way that achieved unconscious goals and agendas.

The outcome in such cases was that the actors would be left feeling justified and entrenched, but there would often be little or no change to the presenting problem, and other more fundamental problems giving rise to the situation remaining unaddressed.

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PARADOX of Exercise

By Staff Reporters

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According to colleague Eugene Schmuckler PhD MBA MED, the Exercise Paradox is the finding that individuals with an active lifestyle have a relatively similar caloric expenditure to individuals in a sedentary lifestyle.

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PARADOX of “Second Wind”

By Staff Reporters

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The “Second Wind” paradox is a sudden period of increased wakefulness in individuals deprived of sleep that tends to coincide with the individual’s circadian rhythm.

Although the individual is more wakeful and aware of their surroundings, they are continuing to accrue sleep debt and thus are actually exacerbating their sleep deprivation.

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CONFIRMED: Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.

Confirmed as US Health Secretary

BREAKING NEWS

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The Senate just confirmed Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as President Trump’s US health secretary, putting the prominent vaccine skeptic in control of $1.7 trillion in federal spending, vaccine recommendations and food safety as well as health insurance programs for roughly half the country.

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ACCOUNTING: Financial v. Managerial [CPA v. CMA]

By Staff Reporters

SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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Financial accounting and managerial accounting are two distinct branches of the accounting field, each serving different purposes and stakeholders. Financial accounting focuses on creating external reports that provide a snapshot of a company’s financial health for investors, regulators, and other outside parties. Managerial accounting, meanwhile, is an internal process aimed at aiding managers in making informed business decisions.

Objectives of Financial Accounting

Financial accounting is primarily concerned with the preparation and presentation of financial statements, which include the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. These documents are meticulously crafted to reflect the company’s financial performance over a specific period, providing insights into its profitability, liquidity, and solvency. The objective is to offer a clear, standardized view of the financial state of the company, ensuring that external entities have a reliable basis for evaluating the company’s economic activities.

The process of financial accounting also involves the meticulous recording of all financial transactions. This is achieved through the double-entry bookkeeping system, where each transaction is recorded in at least two accounts, ensuring that the accounting equation remains balanced. This systematic approach provides accuracy and accountability, which are paramount in financial reporting. CPA = Certified Public Accountant.

Objectives of Managerial Accounting

Managerial accounting is designed to meet the information needs of the individuals who manage organizations. Unlike financial accounting, which provides a historical record of an organization’s financial performance, managerial accounting focuses on future-oriented reports. These reports assist in planning, controlling, and decision-making processes that guide the day-to-day, short-term, and long-term operations.

At the heart of managerial accounting is budgeting. Budgets are detailed plans that quantify the economic resources required for various functions, such as production, sales, and financing. They serve as benchmarks against which actual performance can be measured and evaluated. This enables managers to identify variances, investigate their causes, and implement corrective actions. Another objective of managerial accounting is cost analysis. Managers use cost accounting methods to understand the expenses associated with each aspect of production and operation. By analyzing costs, they can determine the profitability of individual products or services, control expenditures, and optimize resource allocation.

Performance measurement is another key objective. Managerial accountants develop metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs) to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of various business processes. These performance metrics are crucial for setting goals, evaluating outcomes, and aligning individual and departmental objectives with the overall strategy of the organization. CMA = Certified Managerial Accountant

Reporting Standards in Financial Accounting

The bedrock of financial accounting is the adherence to established reporting standards, which ensure consistency, comparability, and transparency in financial statements. Globally, the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are widely adopted, setting the guidelines for how particular types of transactions and other events should be reported in financial statements. In the United States, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issues the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which serve a similar purpose. These standards are not static; they evolve in response to changing economic realities, stakeholder needs, and advances in business practices.

For instance, the shift towards more service-oriented economies and the rise of intangible assets have led to updates in revenue recognition and asset valuation guidelines. The convergence of IFRS and GAAP is an ongoing process aimed at creating a unified set of global standards that would benefit multinational corporations and investors by reducing the complexity and cost of complying with multiple accounting frameworks.

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PharmD: Doctor of Pharmacy

By Staff Reporters

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PharmD – Doctor of Pharmacy

A Doctor of Pharmacy [ParrmD] is the professional degree required to become a pharmacist in the US. Practicing pharmacists complete an average of six years in school—including their pre-pharmacy education—before passing required exams and completing post-graduate training.

Here’s where things often get confusing. The word “pharmacist” is sometimes used in casual conversation to refer to healthcare professionals who aren’t technically licensed to be pharmacists.

For example, pharmacy technicians assist licensed pharmacists. They work behind the counter among the medications right alongside the pharmacist. However, they don’t need a Doctor of Pharmacy to do their job. A pharmaceutical sales representative typically needs four years of a bachelor’s degree with a foundation in chemistry and biology, though this is not always a requirement. Neither of these professionals is technically a pharmacist, although laypeople may mistakenly describe them that way.

And pursuing a PharmD doesn’t always mean you’ll work in a community pharmacy. In fact, just slightly fewer than half of all PharmD recipients end up in this role. Another 15 percent practice in other healthcare settings—hospitals, nursing homes, and managed care centers, for example. Other pharmacy students pursue research roles, government regulation positions, or work in highly specialized areas like oncology or geriatric pharmacy.

A PharmD or RPH [registered pharmacist] fills the electronic or written prescriptions of a MD/DO/DPM/DDS/DMD. They generally can not prescribe drugs or write prescriptions, however.

As of February 01, 2025, the average annual pay of Doctor of Pharmacy in the United States was $196,904. While Salary.com suggests that a Doctor of Pharmacy salary in the US can go up to $236,908 or down to $149,197, most earn between $171,932 and $217,844.

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PARADOX of Progress

By Staff Reporters

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The Paradox of Progress explores the tension between societal progress and individual well-being.

According to colleague Eugene Schmuckler PhD MBA MEd, it questions whether advancements in technology, economy, and society truly lead to greater happiness and fulfillment for individuals, or if they create new forms of dissatisfaction or inequality.

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DENTIST OATH: Ethical Patient Care

EVIDENCE BASED DENTISTRY

By Staff Reporters

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Evidence Based Dentistry?

Despite the high praise for evidence-based dentistry, there are a number of limitation and criticism that has been given to the process. Chambers DW provides quite a bit of criticism, as well as a number of limitations that evidence-based dentistry provides. In no particular order of importance, a number of mentioned objections towards this format are:

  • Evidence-based dentistry is too clumsy due to the concept being poorly defined
  • The implementation of evidence-based dentistry has been distorted by too heavy of an emphasis of computerized searches for research findings that meet the standards of academics
  • Although EBD advocates enjoy sharing anecdotal accounts of mistakes others have made, faulting others is not proof that one’s own position is correct
  • There is no systematic, high-quality evidence that EBD is effective
  • Patient and practitioner values are the shortest leg of the stool. As they are so little recognized, their integration in EBD is problematic and ethical tensions exist where paternalism privileges science over patient’s self-determined best interests.
  • MORE: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6375114/

Dental Oath

Although dentists, dental hygienists, and dental assistants may not formally recite the Hippocratic Oath, its principles undeniably apply in their practice, particularly in the high-stakes context of emergency medical care.

By embodying these principles, dental professionals not only fulfill their commitment to ethical patient care but also ensure the safety and well-being of those they serve. 

More: https://www.ada.org/about/principles/code-of-ethics

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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING TERMS: All Doctors Should Know

By Staff Reporters

SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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#1 – Accounts Payable

Accounts payable are short-term obligations to be paid by an organization. It arises from trading activities and other business-related expenses during the business, including parties from whom we have purchased goods or services and costs incurred for which money is yet to be paid, generally in the same financial year.

#2 – Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable form part of current assets and refer to amounts due from parties to whom we have sold goods or services or incurred expenses on their behalf for which money is yet to be realized. It may include debtors, bills receivable, etc., which can be converted into cash in the short term to ensure the organization’s liquidity.

#3 – Balance Sheet

A Balance Sheet is a reconciliation of assets (current and fixed) and liabilities (current and noncurrent), and capital invested in an organization. Stakeholders such as creditors, shareholders, and banks, which have granted loans to the organization and government, use the Balance Sheet to analyze the financial position, growth, and stability.

#4 – Current Assets

Current assets refer to an organization’s realizable resources in the short term, generally during the same financial year. They include cash/bank balance and assets that can convert into cash, ranging from short-term loans and advances, sundry debtors, short-term investments, etc.

#5 – Equity

Equity is the amount invested in the business by its owners, in the form of capital in the case of sole proprietorship and partnerships, or shares (equity and preference) of varying denominations in companies (public or private).

#6 – Expenses

All the money outflow (present or future) incurred for procuring goods and services to affect sales in a business (direct expenses) and incidental to the business (indirect expenses) as well as ancillary to the running of an organization are referred to as expenses

#7 – Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are tangible resources that an organization uses for carrying out daily operations of a business, such as land, plant and equipment, furniture and fixtures, buildings, machinery, etc., which are not purchased to be sold in the short term.

#8 – Ledger

Ledger is the book of entry for recording transactions in such a way that we come to know the outstanding debit or credit balance of an account in our business for which we record the opening balance, transactions made in that account, and the closing balance to find out the exact position of that particular account.

#9 – Income Statement

The Income statement forms part of the financial statements and tells us the exact position of our gross and net profit at a particular cut-off date. It is done by recording all the direct incomes and closing stock on the credit side and all direct expenses and opening stock on the debit side to find the gross profit and all the indirect incomes and indirect expenses similarly to find out the net profit.

#10 – Liabilities

Liabilities are the present (short term) and future(long term) obligations of an organization which represents the debts due to be paid for goods and services procured for the business in the past and include sundry creditors, short term loans and advances, bills payable, etc. which come under short term liabilities and debentures, term loans from a bank, long term loans and advances, etc. which come under long term liabilities.

#11 – Net Income

The profit or loss arrived at after deducting all direct and indirect expenses from all the direct and indirect incomes equals to net income made by a business which is the earning done by the business at a cut-off date and is very useful in comparing the growth and financial position of an organization from previous years as well as for adopting measures for the betterment of the profitability levels of the business.

#12 – Revenue

The gross income earned by the organization from carrying out core business activities without deduction of any expenses is termed as revenue earned by the organization, which also indicates the sale and other incomes in total.

#13 – Credit

Wherever an account is credited, it reduces the balance of an account in the case of real accounts, creates an obligation to pay an individual in the case of personal accounts, and increases the income side if a nominal account is credited.

#14 – Debit

Wherever an account is debited, it increases the balance of an account in the case of real accounts, creating an obligation to receive money from an individual in the case of personal accounts and increasing the expenses side if a nominal account is debited.

#15 – Audit

An audit is an examination of books of accounts prepared by an organization to validate the entries recorded and ensure the accuracy and correctness of the financial statements along with finding out any discrepancies in the books, including frauds, if any, hidden by the employees of the organization.

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IMPLICIT BIAS: In Nursing [RN]

By Staff Reporters

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Implicit or unconscious bias is not intentional, but it has a detrimental impact. Implicit bias in nursing affects nurses’ quality of life and patient outcomes. In a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation study, researchers found that 79% of nurses experienced or observed racism or discrimination from patients and 59% saw or experienced it from colleagues.

Asian and Black nurses are particularly likely to have experienced racial aggression, and 94% of Asian and 93% of Black nurses report that it has affected their mental well-being.

Explore more about implicit bias, including how it impacts nurses and patients. Discover some components of effective implicit bias training for nurses.

READ: https://nursejournal.org/articles/combating-implicit-bias-in-nursing/

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PYGMALION: Rosenthal Effect

By Staff Reporters

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The Pygmalion Effect, also known as the Rosenthal Effect, is a fascinating psychological phenomenon where higher expectations lead to an increase in performance. This concept originated from a study conducted by Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson in the 1960s. They discovered that when teachers were led to believe that certain students were expected to perform better academically, those students indeed showed significant improvement.

Here’s a brief overview of how the Pygmalion Effect works:

  1. Expectation Setting: When someone in a position of authority (like a teacher or manager) has high expectations for an individual, they often communicate these expectations through subtle cues.
  2. Behavioral Changes: The individual receiving these cues tends to internalize the expectations and changes their behavior accordingly. They might become more motivated, put in more effort, and show greater persistence.
  3. Performance Improvement: As a result of these behavioral changes, the individual’s performance improves, thereby fulfilling the initial high expectations.

This effect highlights the power of positive reinforcement and belief in someone’s potential. It underscores the importance of fostering a supportive and encouraging environment, whether in educational settings, workplaces, or personal relationships.

If you’re interested in applying the Pygmalion Effect in your life, consider these tips:

  • Set High, Yet Realistic Expectations: Believe in the potential of those around you and communicate your confidence in their abilities.
  • Provide Support and Resources: Ensure that individuals have the tools and support they need to meet these expectations.
  • Offer Positive Feedback: Regularly acknowledge and celebrate progress and achievements to reinforce positive behavior.

Remember, the Pygmalion Effect is a powerful reminder that our beliefs and expectations can significantly influence the outcomes we see in others.

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COGNITIVE BIAS: In the Dental Community

By Staff Reporters

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Cognitive bias is a pattern of thinking in humans that, although flawed, is repeated mindlessly, sometimes resulting in irrational behavior and decisions. Dental personnel need to understand how cognitive biases impact both their patients and their team members. Left unchecked, these automatic associations can cause grave mistakes and injuries, and result in real harm.

This course is designed to help dental team members recognize their own biases and see the need to introspect and self-regulate to change them.

READ: https://dentalacademyofce.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Cognitive-bias-within-the.pdf

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ND: Naturopathic Doctor [Degree]

DEFINITION

By Staff Reporters
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Naturopathic Doctors are educated and trained in accredited naturopathic medical colleges. They diagnose, prevent, and treat acute and chronic illness to restore and establish optimal health by supporting the person’s inherent self-healing process.

Rather than just suppressing symptoms, naturopathic doctors work to  identify underlying causes of illness, and develop personalized treatment plans to address them. Their Therapeutic Order™, identifies the natural order in which all therapies should be applied to provide the greatest benefit with the least potential for damage.

MORE: https://naturopathic.org/page/WhatisaNaturopathicDoctor

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FLEXNER REPORT: Medical Education

By Staff Reporters

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According to Wikipedia, the Flexner Report was a book-length landmark report of medical education in the United States and Canada, written by Abraham Flexner and published in 1910 under the aegis of the Carnegie Foundation. Flexner not only described the state of medical education in North America, but he also gave detailed descriptions of the medical schools that were operating at the time. He provided both criticisms and recommendations for improvements of medical education in the United States.

Many aspects of the present-day American medical profession stem from the Flexner Report and its aftermath. While it had many positive impacts on American medical education, the Flexner report has been criticized for introducing policies that encouraged systemic racism and sexism.

The Report, also called Carnegie Foundation Bulletin Number Four, called on American medical schools to enact higher admission and graduation standards, and to adhere strictly to the protocols of mainstream science principles in their teaching and research. The report talked about the need for revamping and centralizing medical institutions. Many American medical schools fell short of the standard advocated in the Flexner Report and, subsequent to its publication, nearly half of such schools merged or were closed outright.

Colleges for the education of the various forms of alternative medicine, such as electro-therapy were closed. Homeopathy, traditional osteopathy, eclectic medicine, and physiomedicalism (botanical therapies that had not been tested scientifically) were derided.

The Report also concluded that there were too many medical schools in the United States, and that too many doctors were being trained. A repercussion of the Flexner Report, resulting from the closure or consolidation of university training, was the closure of all but two black medical schools and the reversion of American universities to male-only admittance programs to accommodate a smaller admission pool.

In Chapter 11, Flexner stressed that the success of medical education reform and the professionalization of medicine relied heavily on the effective legal and ethical functioning of state medical boards. However, he noted that these boards were failing in their mission, stalling progress and allowing substandard medical practices to continue, thereby jeopardizing public health. This problem persists as a significant issue in the current practice of medicine in the United States.

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FINANCIAL PLANNING: Specifically for Physicians and Medical Professionals

By http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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(“Informed Voice of a New Generation of Fiduciary Advisors for Healthcare”)

For most lay folks, personal financial planning typically involves creating a personal budget, planning for taxes, setting up a savings account and developing a debt management, retirement and insurance recovery plan. Medicare, Social Security and Required Minimal Distribution [RMD] analysis is typical for lay retirement. Of course, we can assist in all of these activities, but lay individuals can also create and establish their own financial plan to reach short and long-term savings and investment goals.

But, as fellow doctors, we understand better than most the more complex financial challenges doctors can face when it comes to their financial planning. Of course, most physicians ultimately make a good income, but it is the saving, asset and risk management tolerance and investing part that many of our colleagues’ struggle with. Far too often physicians receive terrible guidance, have no time to properly manage their own investments and set goals for that day when they no longer wish to practice medicine.

For the average doctor or healthcare professional, the feelings of pride and achievement at finally graduating are typically paired with the heavy burden of hundreds of thousands of dollars in student loan debt.

You dedicated countless hours to learning, studying, and training in your field. You missed birthdays and holidays, time with your families, and sacrificed vacations to provide compassionate and excellent care for your patients. Amidst all of that, there was no time to give your finances even a second thought.

Between undergraduate, medical school, and then internship and residency, most young physicians do not begin saving for retirement until late into their 20s, if not their 30s. You’ve missed an entire decade or more of allowing your money and investments to compound and work for you. When it comes to addressing your financial health and security, there’s no time to waste.

And you may be misled by unscrupulous “advisors”.

MORE: https://marcinkoassociates.com/financial-planning/

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