MEDICAL OFFICE: Patient Satisfaction Management

The “Soft Science” of Patient Relationship Management

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By Dr. David Edward Marcinko; MBA MEd CMP

SPONSOR: http://www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org

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INTRODUCTION

Patient satisfaction occurs when patient perceptions exceed their expectations. They get an intangible “something extra” from their visit, above what they paid for. When patient expectations match their perceptions, mutual obligations are fulfilled, making both practitioner and patient “break-even”.

The clinical result, within a relevant range, is only part of the patient’s perceptions. Numerous sub-conscious impressions comprise the remainder. We’ve all had patients love us despite a less than optimal result. We’ve all had patients angrily leave the practice over some non-clinical matter like a trivial billing dispute. A patient’s perception of any health care service is colored by a vast array of prior experiences that set up current expectations. The patient is pleased to the extent that his current perceptions exceed his/her pre existing expectations. This encompasses far more than the clinical result (within a relevant range), and includes such non-treatment issues as the demeanor of the staff, condition of the physical premises, psychological comfort during the visit, etc.

Remember, all patients talk about you anyway. In the past, a happy patient told four others about what a nice doctor you are. Today, patients post website comments or blogs immediately after their visits. They are more likely to complete treatment and follow instructions, thus obtaining a better medical outcome, and, generating additional fees for the practice. They pay quicker, cause less bad-debt and help create a pleasant environment for us to work in.

An unhappy patient vehemently tells nine others, onground or online, what a nasty greedy rip-off artist you are. Sad, but true! They are not as likely to complete treatment, thus incurring a less than optimal result, and generate fewer fees. They pay slower, if at all, create a stressed environment and detrimentally affect the attitude of other patients in the office.

Try to eliminate problems that might cause negative perceptions (i.e., a filthy restroom) and implement controls that help assure positive perceptions. Patient satisfaction is a soft managerial science. It is a numbers game. Most patients don’t pre-define what would be “acceptable” from this encounter, but have vaguely defined ranges of prior expectations anyway, gleaned from a lifetime of health care related experience. Any variance between these this “acceptable” range of expectations and each trivial encounter invokes some degree positive or negative feeling in the patient.

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The total perception of the office experience is an aggregate of multiple trivial, often subliminal, observations. Patient satisfaction is an intangible and amorphous process complicated by:

Inter patient variables: Significant differences between patients in their “expectations”.
Intra patient variables: A single patient can perceive the same thing or situation differently at different times, depending on uncontrollable variables like mood, or, context of occurrence which may (sometimes and/or partially) be controllable by the practice.
Luck of the draw” in physical variables: Does Sally or Mary escort the patient to the exam room? Was it the blue or green exam room? Did the last patient to use the rest room, five minutes ago, leave a disgusting mess?
Heterogeneous staff variables: Even with appropriate training, people are not machines and have their own quirks.

ASSESSMENT

By proactively anticipating the entire visit, from the patient’s perspective, the practitioner can structure and arrange things such that most patients have, mostly positive perceptions, most of the time. This can be done despite all the potential hetero-genicity of the above factors. Patient satisfaction can be improved in any office, and can be done by anyone.

CONCLUSION

Because patient satisfaction is a multi-faceted amorphous subject, there are multiple correct approaches to the subject and no “cook book” recipe on how to proceed. Try and get the big picture. Identify the worst areas and fix them. Identify the best areas and reinforce them. Proceed slowly. It can be done one facet at a time. Adapt things to your own managerial style and personality. Be completely open to suggestion and change.

Finally, be aware that patient relationship and satisfaction implementation strategies frequently overlap.

EDUCATION: Books

SPEAKING: Dr. Marcinko will be speaking and lecturing, signing and opining, teaching and preaching, storming and performing at many locations throughout the USA this year! His tour of witty and serious pontifications may be scheduled on a planned or ad-hoc basis; for public or private meetings and gatherings; formally, informally, or over lunch or dinner. All medical societies, financial advisory firms or Broker-Dealers are encouraged to submit a RFP for speaking engagements: MarcinkoAdvisors@outlook.com 

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WORKER’S COMPENSATION: Physician Insurance

By Staff Reporters

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While some medical practitioners and facilities can operate without Professional Liability Insurance coverage, one business related insurance that cannot / should not be avoided is Worker’s Compensation.  Employers in all but seven states – so-called “monopolistic” states because they have their own state funds, are under statutory obligation to provide coverage for their employees.  Historically, Worker’s Compensation pre-dates Social Security entitlements and well before the emergence of employer sponsored group benefits.

The coverage under worker’s compensation provides for lost income due to on-the-job accidents or work-related disability or death and the amount of benefits vary by state.  In some instances, the coverage will reimburse the employee for medical expenses incurred with the accident. 

The four general benefits covered under Worker’s Compensation are:

Medical Care – for expenses incurred usually without limitations on amount or period of care.

Disability Income – payable for both total and partial disability and is usually based on 66 2/3 percent of their wage base.

Death Benefits – generally fall into two categories; one a flat amount for “burial” insurance; and two, survivor benefits.  Though varying by state, these benefits are similar to the disability payment (a percentage of weekly base wages) but may be capped as to total benefit, such as $50,000 or a period, such as 10 years

Rehabilitation Benefits – includes not only medical rehabilitation, but vocational rehabilitation, vocational counseling, retraining or educational benefits, and job placement

Traditionally, the secondary purpose of Worker’s Compensation was to reduce potential litigation because employees accepting the benefits from a Worker’s Compensation claim generally waived their right to sue their employer. 

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However, in our litigious society, this “protective shelter” has been severely tested and is crumbling.

Employers may provide their Worker’s Compensation three ways:

  • Private commercial insurance
  • State government funds
  • Self-insurance

Very few factors drive the premium structure – the occupation of the workers is the single most important determinant of premiums.  An office worker may have premiums as low as $.10 per hundred of wages and a coal miner may exceed $50.00 per hundred of wages.  Generally speaking, however, Worker’s Compensation premiums for the medical profession or healthcare worker are among the lowest available.

Therefore, for the medical practice, some physicians may consider self-insurance because the weekly benefits are typically below $500, thus making this decision attractive. 

Alternatively, because officers and owners can elect not to be covered by Worker’s Compensation, the decision to purchase coverage from a private insurance company may afford inexpensive assurance that the benefits will be conveniently provided, and administered, by a private insurance company for their employees.

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MEDICAL ZEBRAS: Definition of Rare Diseases

By Staff Reporters

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A medical zebra is rare a disease, one that is so rare that most doctors have not encountered a patient with that disease. Having only read about the disease in a textbook or in the case of many recently defined diseases, not at all. It is therefore difficult for medical doctors to diagnose these individuals.

The term originates from a popular saying among clinicians, “when you hear hoof-beats, think horses, not zebras”, meaning that when diagnosing a patient, one should first exclude the most common causes for a patients symptoms, before looking for rare causes. While this is a good idea in everyday practice, one must not forget to make the effort to go “zebra hunting” when the common causes don’t explain the full clinical picture. This is especially important with the current growth of genetics and personalized medicine.

Examples:

  • Sutton’s law – perform first the diagnostic test expected to be most useful
  • Occam’s razor – select from among competing hypotheses the one that makes the fewest new assumptions
  • Leonard’s law of physical findings – it is obvious or it is not there
  • Hickam’s dictum – “Patients can have as many diseases as they damn well please”
  • Zebra print ribbon – awareness ribbon for rare diseases
  • Samuel Gee – author of Medical lectures and aphorisms (1902)
  • James Alexander Lindsay – author of Medical axioms, aphorisms, and clinical memoranda (1924)
  • MaimonidesCommentary on the aphorisms of Hippocrates and Medical aphorisms of Moses (12th century)
  • Sagan standard – Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence
  • Twyman’s law – Any figure that looks interesting, or different, is usually wrong.

Now, a medical aphorisms is a pithy statement denoting a general truth. They have a special niche in medical discourse and writing. The use of aphorisms in medicine dates to ancient times and continues today.

EDUCATION: Books

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DAILY UPDATE: Scripps Health & WHO as US Stock Markets Rise

MEDICAL EXECUTIVE-POST TODAY’S NEWSLETTER BRIEFING

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Essays, Opinions and Curated News in Health Economics, Investing, Business, Management and Financial Planning for Physician Entrepreneurs and their Savvy Advisors and Consultants

Serving Almost One Million Doctors, Financial Advisors and Medical Management Consultants Daily

A Partner of the Institute of Medical Business Advisors , Inc.

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SPONSORED BY: Marcinko & Associates, Inc.

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Daily Update Provided By Staff Reporters Since 2007.
How May We Serve You?
© Copyright Institute of Medical Business Advisors, Inc. All rights reserved. 2025

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FIRST DAY OF SPRING

CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource

Stat: $1.2 billion. That’s how much San Diego-based Scripps Health plans to spend building a new hospital in San Marcos, California. (Becker’s Hospital Review)

Read: What WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said about USAID cuts. (Stat)

Pharm fresh: Check out in-depth strategies designed to help increase engagement between pharma reps and primary care clinicians. It’s all right here in Pri-Med’s research. Read the report.

CITE: https://tinyurl.com/2h47urt5

Shares of Charles Schwab Corp. SCHW+1.51% rallied 1.51% to $78.73 Wednesday, on what proved to be an all-around favorable trading session for the stock market, with the S&P 500 Index SPX+1.08% rising 1.08% to 5,675.29 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA+0.92% rising 0.92% to 41,964.63.

CITE: https://tinyurl.com/tj8smmes

Visualize: How private equity tangled banks in a web of debt, from the Financial Times.

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EDUCATIONAL TEXTBOOKS: https://tinyurl.com/4zdxuuwf

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BIAS: In Podiatric Medicine

DOCTOR PODIATRIC MEDICINE

By Staff Reporters

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Background: Survey research is common practice in podiatry literature and many other health-related fields. An important component of the reporting of survey results is the provision of sufficient information to permit readers to understand the validity and representativeness of the results presented. However, the quality of survey reporting measures in the body of podiatry literature has not been systematically reviewed.

Objective: To examine the reporting of response rates and nonresponse bias within survey research articles published in the podiatric literature in order to provide a foundation with regard to the development of appropriate research reporting standards within the profession.

Methods: This study reports on a secondary analysis of survey research published in the Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, the Foot, and the Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. 98 surveys published from 2000 to 2018 were reviewed and data abstracted regarding the report of response rates and non-response bias.

Results: 67 surveys (68.4%) report a response rate while only 36 articles (36.7%) mention non-response bias in any capacity.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that there is room for improvement in the quality of reporting response rates and nonresponse in the body of podiatric literature involving survey research. Both nonresponse and response rate should be reported to assess survey quality. This is particularly problematic for studies that contribute to best practices.

READ: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31216499/

Keywords: Bias; Health; Research; Response rate; Survey.

READ: https://podiatrym.com/pdf/2017/9/Shapiro917web.pdf

READ: https://www.apma.org/apmamain/document-server/?cfp=/apmamain/assets/file/public/about/code-of-ethics.pdf

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HEALTH ACTUARY: Medical Professions

By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP®

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SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

THE MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE ACTUARY

Health actuaries analyze potential risks, profits and trends that will affect their employers, which are often in the health insurance, government health services and medical provider industries. They advise companies on issuing policies to consumers based on risks, calculated premiums and upcoming changes in health-care costs.

It’s common for an actuary to have a bachelor’s degree or higher in actuary studies, mathematics or statistics. Coursework on medical terminology and hierarchy of the medical field is also beneficial. In addition to academic education, certification is also necessary to reach “professional status,” which is required by most employers.

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The professional organization, Society of Actuaries, certifies actuaries in the health and medical field. Their statistical work is commonly done with predictive tables, probability tables and life tables that are created on customized statistical analysis software such as Stata or XLSTAT.

The actuary field as a whole is growing faster than other fields, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics [BLS]. In 2020, it expanded by 27 percent. The average annual salary for an actuary in 2010 was $87,650. More specifically, in the health insurance field, the salary was slightly higher at $91,000.

EDUCATION: Books

SPEAKING: Dr. Marcinko will be speaking and lecturing, signing and opining, teaching and preaching, storming and performing at many locations throughout the USA this year! His tour of witty and serious pontifications may be scheduled on a planned or ad-hoc basis; for public or private meetings and gatherings; formally, informally, or over lunch or dinner. All medical societies, financial advisory firms or Broker-Dealers are encouraged to submit a RFP for speaking engagements: CONTACT: MarcinkoAdvisors@outlook.com 

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Sc.D versus Ph.D Degree

By Staff Reporters

SPONSOR: http://www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org

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In the United States, the difference between a Ph.D and a Sc.D is that the former is awarded to most, if not all, disciplines, while a Sc.D is awarded to science or STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) disciplines.

This means that, in the United States at least, a Ph.D and a Sc.D are equal to one another in terms of telling people about an individual’s mastery of a particular skill, training, and prestige. A Ph.D holder and a Sc.D holder are viewed as peers and equals by most, if not all, American universities.

Meanwhile in Europe, according to Emily Summer, the difference between a Ph.D and a Sc.D is that the former is awarded at the start of an academic career, while the Sc.D is awarded much later, after the individual has built up an impressive body of work.

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DRUG: Scheduling & Classifications with Examples

Drugs: (List of Schedule I-V Controlled Drugs)

By Staff Reporters

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Any discussion on narcotics, prescription drugs, or other controlled substances is usually peppered with the word schedule. One substance may be Schedule I, while another is Schedule II, III, IV, or V.

Drugs, substances, and certain chemicals used to make drugs are classified into five (5) distinct categories or schedules depending upon the drug’s acceptable medical use and the drug’s abuse or dependency potential. The abuse rate is a determinate factor in the scheduling of the drug; for example, Schedule I drugs have a high potential for abuse and the potential to create severe psychological and/or physical dependence. As the drug schedule changes — Schedule II, Schedule III, etc., so does the abuse potential — Schedule V drugs represents the least potential for abuse.

A Listing of drugs and their schedule are located at Controlled Substance Act (CSA) Scheduling or CSA Scheduling by Alphabetical Order. These lists describes the basic or parent chemical and do not necessarily describe the salts, isomers and salts of isomers, esters, ethers and derivatives which may also be classified as controlled substances. These lists are intended as general references and are not comprehensive listings of all controlled substances.

Please note that a substance need not be listed as a controlled substance to be treated as a Schedule I substance for criminal prosecution. A controlled substance analogue is a substance which is intended for human consumption and is structurally or pharmacologically substantially similar to or is represented as being similar to a Schedule I or Schedule II substance and is not an approved medication in the United States.

Schedule I Schedule I drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. Some examples of Schedule I drugs are: heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), marijuana (cannabis), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy), methaqualone, and peyote.

Schedule II Schedule II drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. Some examples of Schedule II drugs are: combination products with less than 15 milligrams of hydrocodone per dosage unit (Vicodin), cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin

Schedule III Schedule III drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. Schedule III drugs abuse potential is less than Schedule I and Schedule II drugs but more than Schedule IV. Some examples of Schedule III drugs are: products containing less than 90 milligrams of codeine per dosage unit (Tylenol with codeine), ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone

Schedule IV Schedule IV drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence. Some examples of Schedule IV drugs are: Xanax, Soma, Darvon, Darvocet, Valium, Ativan, Talwin, Ambien, Tramadol

Schedule V Schedule V drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV and consist of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics. Schedule V drugs are generally used for antidiarrheal, antitussive, and analgesic purposes. Some examples of Schedule V drugs are: cough preparations with less than 200 milligrams of codeine or per 100 milliliters (Robitussin AC), Lomotil, Motofen, Lyrica, Parepectolin

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ABBREVIATIONS GLOSSARY: Risk Management, Insurance and Asset Protection for Physicians

By Staff Reporters

SPONSOR: http://www.HealthDictionarySeries.org

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RISK MANAGEMENT, LIABILITY INSURANCE AND ASSET PROTECTION ABBREVIATIONS

[Glossary of Important Acronyms]

Much has been written and much has been opined on the topic of medical risk management, insurance, asset protection and professional liability for physicians and healthcare providers in this textbook; and elsewhere.

But occasionally, we all still get lost in a wide array of abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms that are constantly changing in this ecosystem.

And so, this glossary serves as a ready reference for those who want to know about these medical risk management definitions in a quick and ready fashion.

Acronyms and Abbreviations

AAASC             American Association of Ambulatory Surgery Centers

AAHP                American Association of Health Plans

ABN                  advance beneficiary notice

ABQAUR          American Board of Quality Assurance and Utilization Review

ACE                   acute care episode

ACHCE             American College of Health Care Executives

ACS                   American College of Surgeons

ADA                  Americans with Disabilities Act

ADC                  average daily census

ADL                  activities of daily living

ADT                  Admission/Discharge/Transfer

AHA                  American Hospital Association

AHIMA             American Health Information Management Association

AHRQ               Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

AI                      average inventory

AIMR                Association for Investment Management and Research

AIR                    assumed interest rate

ALE                   annualized loss expectancy

ALF                   assisted living facility

ALOS                average length of stay

AMA                 American Medical Association

AMBAC            AMBAC Indemnity Corporation

AMGA               American Medical Group Association

ANSI                 American National Standards Institute

AP                     accounts payable

APA                  American Psychiatric Association

APC                   ambulatory payment classification

APG                   ambulatory payment group

APR                   annual percentage rate

AR                     accounts receivable

ASA                   American Society of Appraisers

ASC                   ambulatory surgery centers; also Accredited Standards Committee

ASHA                American Surgical Hospital Association

ASO                   administrative services only

ASTC                 ancillary service technical component

ATM                  asynchronous transfer mode

AVG                  ambulatory visit group

BANTA             best alternative to negotiated agreement

BBA                  Balanced Budget Act of 1997

BBRA                Balanced Budget Refinement Act [1999]

BCP                   business continuity planning

BEA                   break-even analysis

BEP                   break-even point

BIPA                 Benefits Improvement and Protection Act [2000]

BLS                   Bureau of Labor Statistics

BPD                   border protection device

BS                      balance sheet

BSA                   Bank Secrecy Act

BVS                   business valuation standard

CA                     certificate authority

CAC                  Carrier Advisory Committee

CAS                   cost accounting standards

CASB                Cost Accounting Standards Board

CC                     common criteria [for IT Security Evaluation —ISO/IEC 15408];
complication or comorbidity [for MS-DRGs]

CCA                  certified cost accountant

CCC                   cash conversion cycle

CCEVS              common criteria evaluation and validation scheme

CCHIT               Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology

CCU                  critical care unit

CDC                  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CDH                  consumer-directed healthcare

CDHP                consumer-directed healthcare plan

CDPM               Clinical Data Project Manager

CDSS                 clinical decision support system

CEO                   Chief Executive Officer

CF                      conversion factor

CFA                   Chartered Financial Analyst

CFO                   Chief Financial Officer

CFR                   Code of Federal Regulations

CHAMP             Children’s Health and Medicare Protection Act of 2007

CHAMPUS        Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services

CHE                   Certified Healthcare Executive

CHIPS               Center for Healthcare Industry Performance Studies

CIA                    Corporate Integrity Agreement

CIO                    Chief Information Officer

CIP                    Customer Identification Program

CIS                    computer information systems

CLIA                 Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act

CLT                   capitation liability theory

CME                  continuing medical education

CMI                   case mix index

CMIO                Chief Medical Information Officer

CMIS                 contribution margin income statement

CMN                  Certificate of Medical Necessity

CMP                  Certified Medical Planner ™

CMS                  Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services [formerly HCFA]

COD                  cash on delivery

COGME             Council of Graduate Medical Education

COH                  cash on hand

COLA                cost of living allowance

CON                  Certificate of Need

COO                  Chief Operating Officer

COSO                Committee of Sponsoring Organizations

COTS                 commercial off-the-shelf

CPHQ                Certified Physician in Healthcare Quality

CPIM                 Certificate in Production and Inventory Management

CPI-U                Consumer Price Index—urban

CPM                  critical (clinical) path method

CPOE                computerized physician order entry [system]

CPR                   computer-based patient record

CPT                   current procedural terminology

CQI                    continuous quality improvement

CRL                   Certification Revocation List

CRM                  customer relationship management

CRVS                California Relative Value Studies

CSO                   Chief Security Officer

CT scan              computed tomography scan [also called CAT scan]

CUSIP               Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures

CVE                   common vulnerabilities and exposures

CVPA                cost-volume-profit analysis

CY                     calendar year

DAC                  discretionary access control

DBMS                database management system

DCF                   discounted [net] cash flow

DEA                  Drug Enforcement Agency

DHHS                Department of Health and Human Services

DHMR               Designated Healthcare Management Representative

DIO                   days inventory outstanding

DLH                  doctor labor hours

DME                  durable medical equipment

DNFB                discharged, not finally billed

D&O                  directors and officers

DO                     Doctor of Osteopathy

DOA                  dead on arrival

DoD                   Department of Defense

DOJ                   Department of Justice

DOT                  Department of Transportation

DPH                  Department of Public Health

DPM                  Doctor of Podiatric Medicine

DPO                  days payable outstanding

DPP                   direct participation program

DRA                  Deficit Reduction Act of 2005

DRG                  diagnosis-related group

DES                   disease-specific care

DSH                   disproportionate share hospital [adjustment]

DSO                   days sales outstanding

DSS                   decision support system

DVP                  delivery versus payment

DWC                 days working capital

EAP                   Employee Assistance Program

EBDIT               earnings before depreciation, interest and taxes

EBM                  evidence-based medicine

ECP                   Exposure Control Plan

ED                     emergency department

EDI                    Electronic Data Interchange

EDSS                 Executive Decision Support System

EEOC                Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

EHCR                Efficient Healthcare Consumer Response Report

EHO                  emerging healthcare organization

EHR                   electronic health record

EIN                    employer identification number

E&M                  evaluation and management

EMR                  electronic medical record(s)

EMTALA           Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act

EOB                   explanation of benefits

EOMB               Explanation of Medicare Benefits

EOQ                  economic order quantity

EOQC                economic order quantity cost [analysis]

EPA                   Environmental Protection Agency

ePHI                  electronic personal health information

EPO                   exclusive provider organization

EPR                   electronic patient record

EPRI                  Emergency Preparedness Resource Inventory

ERISA               Employee Retirement Income Security Act

ERP                   enterprise resource planning

FACT Act          Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003

FAR                   federal acquisition regulation

FASB                 Financial Accounting Standards Board

FBCA                Federal Bridge Certification Authority

FC                      fixed cost

FCA                   False Claims Act

FDA                   Food and Drug Administration

FEHBP              federal employees health benefits program

FF&E                 furniture, fixtures and equipment

FFS                    fee-for-service

FGIC                  Financial Guaranty Insurance Company

FHA                   Federal Housing Administration

FIFO                  first in first out

FIPS                   Federal Information Processing Standard

FMAP                Federal Medical Assistance Percentage

FMLA                Family Medical Leave Act

FMV                  fair market value                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

FTP                    file transfer protocol

FV                     fair value

  • FY                     fiscal year

GAAP                generally accepted accounting principles

GAO                  [U.S.] Government Accountability Office (name changed in 2004 from General Accounting Office)

GDP                   gross domestic product

GIGO                 garbage in, garbage out

GMC                  guaranteed mortgage certificate

GNMA               Government National Mortgage Association

GNP                   gross national product

GPWW              Group Practice Without Walls

GSA                   General Services Administration

HARA               Healthcare Accounts Receivable Analysis [report]

HCCM               Hierarchical Condition Category Management

HCFA                [former] Health Care Financing Administration

HCFAC              Healthcare Fraud and Abuse Control [program]

HCFMA             Health Care Financial Management Association

HCPCS              healthcare common procedure coding system

HCSS                 Health Care Staffing Services

HD-HCP            high deductible healthcare plan

HEDIS               Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set

HFMA               Healthcare Financial Management Association

HH                     home health

HHA                  home health agency

HHCA               home healthcare agency

HHRG                home health resource group

[D]HHS             [Department of] Health and Human Services

HIM                   health information management

HIMSS               Health Information and Management Systems Society

HIPAA              Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act [of 1996]

HIPDB               Healthcare Integrity and Protection Data Bank

HIPPS                health insurance prospective payment system

HIS                    hospital information system

HISAC               Healthcare Information Sharing and Analysis Center

HIT                    healthcare information technology

HMMIS              hospital materials management information system

HMO                 health maintenance organization

HOPPS              hospital outpatient prospective payment system

HR                     Human Resources

HSA                   health systems agency; also health savings account

HSG                   hospital service group

HSRV                hospital-specific relative value

I&A                   identification and authentication

IBA                    Institute of Business Appraisers

IBNR                 incurred but not reported [expenses]

ICD-9-CM          International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [10-CM]

ICP                    inventory conversion period

ICSI                   Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement

IDS                    integrated delivery system; also intrusion detection system

IDTF                  independent diagnostic testing facilities

IHS                    Indian Health Services

IME                   indirect medical education [adjustment]

IOM                   Institute of Medicine

IPA                    Independent Physician Association; also Independent Practice Association

IPPS                  [Medicare] inpatient prospective payment system

IRB                    Institutional Review Boards

IRC                    Internal Revenue Code

IRR                    internal rate of return

IRS                    Internal Revenue Service

ISAC                  Information Sharing and Analysis Center

ISMS                  information security management system

ISO                    International Standards Organization

ISP                     Internet service provider

I-SPY Act          Internet Spyware Prevention Act

IT                       information technology

ITL                    Information Technology Laboratory

ITR                    inventory turnover ratio

JAMA                 Journal of the American Medical Association

JCAHO              [former] Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations

[now known as the The Joint Commission-TJC]

JIT                     just-in-time

[inventory management]

LAN                  local area network

LCC                   life-cycle cost

LEP                   limited English proficiency

LIFO                  last in, first out

LIS                     Laboratory Information Systems

LISW                 Licensed Independent Social Worker

LLC                   Limited Liability Company

LLP                   Limited Liability Partnership

LMFT                Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist

LPCC                 Licensed Professional Clinical [Mental Health] Counselor

LOS                   length of stay

LVN                  licensed vocational nurse

LPN                   licensed practical nurse

LRAC                long-range average cost

LRRA                Liability Risk Retention Act

LSP                    limited service provider

LTCPP               long-term care pharmacy provider

MABC               medical activity-based costing

MAC                  monitored anesthesia care; also mandatory access control

MB                    marginal benefit

MBT                  Mechanical Biological Treatment [organization]

MC                    marginal cost

MCC                  major complication or co-morbidity

MCM                 mixed cost method

MCO                  managed care organization

MCS                  Monte Carlo Simulation

MD                    medical doctor

MDC                  major diagnostic category

MEC                  modified endowment contract

MedPAC            Medicare Payment Advisory Commission

MGMA              Medical Group Management Association

MI                      Medical Informatics

MIS                    management information services

MLIC                 malpractice liability insurance component

MMA                 Medicare Prescription Drug, Modernization, and Improvement Act of 2003

MMCO              Medicare Managed Care Organizations

MOE                  maximum office efficiency

MPCA               medical practice cost analysis

MPT                  Modern Portfolio Theory

MR                    medical records, marginal revenue

MSA                  medical savings account

MSCI                 Metals Service Center Institute

MS-DRG            Medicare Severity DRG

MSDS                material safety data sheet

MSO                  management services organization

MUD                 medically unnecessary days

MVO                 mean variance optimization

NACVA             National Association of Certified Valuation Analysts

NAICS               North American Industry Classification System

NAIP                 National Association of Inpatient Physicians

NAHC               National Association of Healthcare Consultants

NASD                National Association of Securities Dealers

NASDAQ          National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations

NAT                  network address translation

NAV                  net asset value

NBER                National Bureau of Economic Research

NCFFR              National Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting

NCPDP              National Council for Prescription Drug Programs

NCQA               National Committee for Quality Assurance

NCUA               National Credit Union Administration

NCVHS             National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics

NDC                  National Drug Code

NEJM                New England Journal of Medicine

NGC                  National Guideline Clearinghouse

NIAP                 National Information Assurance Partnership

NIC                    net interest cost

NIOSH               National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

NIS                    net income statement

NISAC               National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center

NIST                  National Institute of Standards and Technology

NOW account     negotiable order of withdrawal account

NPDB                National Practitioner Data Bank

NPI                    National Provider Identification [number]

NPP                   Notice of Privacy Practices

NPS                   national provider system

NPV                  net present value

NQF                   National Quality Forum

NRC                  National Research Council

NRV                  net-realized accounts receivable value

NSA                   National Security Agency

NTFS                 new technology file system

NTPA                net target profit analysis

NYSE                New York Stock Exchange

OBO                  order book official

OBRA                Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act [of 1989]

OCC                  Option Clearing Corporation

OCR                  optical character recognition; also Office of Civil Rights

OFAC                Office of Foreign Assets Control

OFPP                 Office of Federal Procurement Policy

OID                   original issue discount

OIG                    Office of the Inspector General [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]

OMB                  Office of Management and Budget

OPHC                Office of Prepaid Health Care

OPIM                 other potentially infectious material

OPPS                 outpatient prospective payment system

OS                     operating system

OSI                    open systems interconnect

OR                     operating room

OSHA                Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSJ                    Office of Supervisory Jurisdiction

OTC                   over-the-counter

P4P                    pay-for-performance

P/E                     price to earnings [ratio]

P/R                    price to revenue [ratio]

PAC                   planned amortization certificate

PAY                  post-acquisition year

PC                     [mortgage] participation certificate; also personal computer

PCC                   project cost of capital

PCMCIA            Personal Computer Memory Card International Association

PCP                   primary care physician

PDA                  personal digital assistant

PDX                   Patient Data Exchange

PE[C]                 practice expense [component]

PEO                   professional employer organization

PFS                    patient financial services

PG                     purchasing group

PHA                  public housing authority

PHI                    protected health information

PHN                  Private Health Network

PHO                  physician-hospital organization

PHR                   patient health record

PIN                    personal identification number

PIO                    public information office

PKI                    public/private key informatics/infrastructure

PKIX                 public key infrastructure for X.509 certificates

PLIC                  [mal]practice liability insurance component

PMG                  primary medical group

PM/PM              per member per month

PO                     purchase order

POC                   point-of-care

POL                   physician office laboratory

POS                   point-of-service

POSP                 point of service plan

PP                      projection profile

PP&E                property, plant, and equipment

PPE                   personal protective equipment

PPMC                physician practice management company

PPO                   preferred provider organization

PPS                    [Medicare] prospective payment system

PR                     pregnancy and related conditions

PROM               programmable read-only memory

PSI                     patient safety indicator

PSN                   provider-sponsored network

PSO                   provider-sponsored organization

Pt                       patient

PTO                   paid time off

PWC                  physician work component

PY                     projected year

QA                     quality assurance

QI                      quality improvement

RA                     registration authority

RADIUS            remote authentication dial-in user service

RAN                  Revenue Anticipation Note

RBAC                role-based access control

RBRVG             resource-based relative value group

RBRVS              resource-based relative value scale

RBRVU             resource-based relative value unit

RDBMS             regional database management system

REIT                  real estate investment trust

RERVU             resource-based relative value unit

REV/PP             revenue per patient

RFI                    request for information

RFID                  radio frequency identification device [scanner]

RFP                   request for payment

RHIO                 Regional Health Information Organization

RN                     Registered Nurse

RNANS             Registered Nurses Association of Nova Scotia

ROE                   return on equity

ROI                    return on investment

ROM                  read-only memory

ROP                   re-order point

RRG                   risk-retention group

RSNA                Radiological Society of North America

RUG-III             resource utilization group III

RVS                   relative value scale

RVUm               relative value unit – malpractice

RVUpe               relative value unit – practice expenses

RVUw               relative value unit – work

rWACC              relative weighted average cost of capital

S&P                   Standard and Poor’s

SaaS                   Software-as-a-Service

SAMHSA           Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

SAN                   storage area network

SARS                 Sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome

SBBI                  Stocks, Bonds, Bills and Inflation [Yearbook]

SCIM                 supply chain inventory management

SCF                    statement of cash flows

SCM                  supply chain management

SCP                   standard cost profile

SD                     standard deviation

SDLC                 system development life cycle

SDN                   specially designated nationals

SDO                   standards development organization

SEC                   Securities and Exchange Commission

SERP                 supplemental extended reporting policy

SESIP                sharps with engineered sharps injury protection

SHM                  Society of Hospital Medicine

SIC                    Standard Industrial Code

SIPC                  Securities Investor Protection Corporation

SLA                   service level agreement

SMA                  special miscellaneous account

SMD                  Society of Medical Dental Management Consultants

SMS                   socioeconomic monitoring system

SMTP                simple mail transfer protocol

SNF                   skilled nursing facility

SNMP                simple network management protocol

SP                      special publication

SSH                   single-specialty hospitals

SSL                    secure socket layer

STP                    standard treatment protocol

SVPN                secure virtual private network

TEL                   Terror Exclusion List

TFC                   total fixed cost

TIC                    true interest cost

TIN                    tax identification number

TLS                    transport layer security

TPA                   third party administrator

TQIM                 total quality and improvement management

TQM                  total quality management

UCC                  Uniform Commercial Code

UCSF                 University of California at San Francisco

UDP                  user datagram protocol

UFS                   unix file system

UIIRC                University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center

UM                    utilization management

UPIN                 Unique Provider Identification Number

UR                     utilization review

USPAP              Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practices

v                        variance

VA                     Veterans Affairs

VAR                  value at risk

VC                     variable cost

VOC                  volatile organic chemicals

VPN                  virtual private network

WACC               weighted average cost of capital

WAN                 wide area network

WHO                 World Health Organization

WIA                   weighted industry average

WORM              wrote once-read many

READINGS

  • Marcinko, DE and Hetico, RN: Dictionary of Health Insurance and Managed Care. Springer Publishing, New York, NY 2007
  • Marcinko, DE and Hetico, RN: Dictionary of Health Information Technology and Security. Springer Publishing, New York, NY 2009
  • Marcinko, DE and Hetico, RN: Dictionary of Health Economics and Finance. Springer Publishing, New York, NY 2008

EDUCATION: Books

HEALTHCARE ADMINISTRATION BLOGS 

  • Candid CIO: Will Weider, CIO of Ministry Health Care and Affinity Health System, offers his perspectives on administration issues in this blog.
  • Christina’s Considerations: Christina Thielst is a hospital and healthcare administrator and entrepreneur with a deep desire for continually improving the health of the community being served. This is her blog.
  • Healing Hospitals — Formerly Ask a Hospital President: F. Nicholas “Nick” Jacobs has more than 20 years experience in hospital management, with an acknowledged reputation for innovation and consumer-centered leadership.
  • Hospital Impact: Part of the Fierce network of health sites, this site is becoming popular among healthcare administrators for its news updates, tips and opinions on health care matters.
  • Leading the Way to Medical Excellence: the president of McLeod Health non-profit institutions provides weekly insights into his facilities and health care in general.
  • Let’s Talk Health Care: Bruce Bullen, Interim Chief Executive Officer at Harvard Pilgrim in Massachusetts, provides and open and ongoing conversation about health care administration.
  • Life as a Healthcare CIO: Dr. John Halamka records his experiences with infrastructure, applications, policies, management, and governance as he supports 3,000 doctors, 18,000 faculty and about three million patients.
  • Managed Care Matters: Joe Paduda shares his knowledge on managed care for group health, health policy, health research, and medical news for insurers, employers, and healthcare providers.
  • More than Medicine: Tom Quinn, president and CEO of Community General Hospital in Syracuse, New York, began his career as a hospital kitchen worker. His perspective on administration reflects his knowledge on how hospitals work from every angle.
  • Regis University Health Services Administration Blog: Learn more about a college health service through the blog provided by its health administrator, Michael Jackson.
  • Running a Hospital: A CEO of a large Boston hospital shares thoughts on hospitals, medicine and health care issues.
  • St. Joseph Medical Center: Chief Executive Officer at St. Joseph Medical Center in Missouri, Mr. Kashman, provides personal insight into administrative matters and general topics.
  • Todd’s Perspective: Todd Linden, president and CEO of Grinnell Regional Medical Center, offers insights into medical administration and guest bloggers provide insight into various departments.
  • Wachter’s World: This blog focuses on hospitals, hospitalists, quality, safety, policy and much more from Robert M. Wachter, MD, Professor and Associate Chairman of the Department of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.

                 Legal Matters

  • Drug and Device Law: This blog contains an attorney’s personal views (and those of several other Dechert attorneys) on topics that arise in the defense of pharmaceutical and medical device product liability litigation.
  • Drug Injury Watch: Learn more about drug injury lawsuits from an attorney who represents patients and their families.
  • FDA Law Blog: Hyman, Phelps & McNamara, P.C. is the largest dedicated food and drug law firm in the country. Their knowledge about laws and regulations governing drugs, medical devices, foods, dietary supplements, and cosmetics is helpful to anyone interested in these topics.
  • Health Care Law Blog: Bob Coffield’s expertise lies in helping businesses and health care providers weave through a variety of state and federal health care regulations and assisting them in business transactions.
  • Health Plan Law: This site contains information about group health plans, claims administration and related ERISA fiduciary issues. This site also contains tutorials.
  • HealthBlawg: this is David Harlow’s popular health care law blog, offering expert insights and easy-to-understand analysis.
  • Healthcare Law Blog: Holland & Hart’s healthcare practice provides insight into this arena, including HIPAA, Stark law, the Anti-kickback Statute and more.
  • HIPAA Blog: Join in on this discussion of medical privacy issues often buried in “political arcana.”
  • HIPAA, HiTech & HIT: This updated blog brings insight into legal issues, developments and other pertinent information that relates to the creation, use and exchange of electronic health records.
  • HIT Blawg: This blog is focused on national health information technology legal trends and current news on this topic.
  • Home Care Law Blog: Learn more about legal and policy issues in the home health care, private duty and hospice industries from Gilliland & Markette LLP.
  • Med Law Blog: This law blog focuses on topics that range from compliance to contracts and from employee benefits to HIPAA and HIT.
  • Physician Law: This blog provides and easy way to stay on top of current news, updates and useful tips relating to legal issues that affect physicians and non-institutional providers.

                 eHealth and Health IT

  • Chilmark Research: This blog provides perspectives on key IT trends in the healthcare sector.
  • davidrothman.net: David is the Information Services Specialist at the Community General Hospital Medical Library, but he also provides great ideas for 2.0 tools and tips for healthcare industry professionals on this blog.
  • e-CareManagement blog: Vince Kuraitis, owner of Better Health Technologies, LLC, has a passion for disease management and care coordination that dates back to 1995.
  • e-HealthExpert: A non-profit organization provides a free and open forum to support the development of expertise in the field of eHealth, Healthcare Information Systems, and Health IT (Clinical IT).
  • eHealth: John Sharp is an IT Manager for a major medical center in Northeast Ohio, with a focus on ehealth, personal health records, Web 2.0 technologies, Windows Sharepoint Services and project management.
  • Found In Cache: If you would prefer a professional’s take on social media matters, Web sites and all things technological, then follow Ed Bennett, a technology expert for a Maryland medical care system.
  • Future Health IT: A health IT and EPR advocate from the UK provides a format to discuss the future of health care and IT.
  • Informaticopia: This UK blogger provides eclectic news and views on health informatics and elearning.
  • MedGadget: Stay ahead of the gadget curve with this site, which offers information about the newest health care gadgets on the market as well as emerging medical technologies.
  • Neil Versel’s Healthcare IT Blog: A healthcare journalist’s provides his views on the major segment of the industry he covers — and, he provides a ton of links to other sites as well.
  • Schwartz Healthcare IT Blog: A variety of authors from Schwartz Communications provide insights into ways to use IT effectively within healthcare facilities.
  • The Health IT Channel: For a different perspective on IT and EHR as well as other health care issues, watch a few videos at this site.
  • The Healthcare IT Guy: The CEO of Netspective, a Java/.NET consultancy that specializes in healthcare IT with an emphasis on e-health, EMRs, data integration, and legacy modernization, supplies tips and information for physicians and healthcare administration.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: To Mackenzie H. Marcinko PhD of iMBA Inc., Perry D’Alessio CPA CMP™ [Hon] New York, NY; and Daniel B.  Moisand CFP®, Principal for Moisand Fitzgerald Tamayo, Melbourne, FL.

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AUDITORY: Ear Illusions?

VIRAL AUDIO DEBATES

By Staff Reporters

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Auditory Illusions are like magic tricks for your ears. They make you hear things that aren’t there or misinterpret sounds. Think of the famous “Yanny or Laurel” debate – two people hear completely different words from the same audio clip.

NOTE: Yanny or Laurel is an auditory illusion that became popular in May 2018, in which a short audio recording of speech can be heard as one of two words. 53 percent of over 500,000 respondents to a Twitter poll reported hearing a man saying the word “Laurel”, while 47 percent of people reported hearing a voice saying the name “Yanny”. Analysis of the sound frequencies has confirmed that both sets of sounds are present in the mixed recording, but some users focus on the higher-frequency sounds in “Yanny” and cannot seem to hear the lower sounds of the word “Laurel”. When the audio clip is slowed to lower frequencies, the word “Yanny” is heard by more listeners, while faster playback loudens “Laurel.”

According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, our brains love patterns, sometimes too much, leading us to hear phantom sounds or misinterpret music lyrics. It’s a reminder that our senses are easily fooled, so don’t believe everything you hear.

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DOCTORATE: Physical Therapy

By Staff Reporters

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A Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) helps people improve their mobility and physical functioning, manage pain, and prevent disability. After earning an undergraduate degree, a person can enroll in a DPT program, which is typically three years. The curriculum includes courses in biology, anatomy, physiology, kinesiology (movement), neurology, cardiopulmonary (heart and lung) rehabilitation, behavioral sciences, and pharmacology.

Clinical rotations are a major component of DPT education. They may perform clinical rotations in various settings including a PT clinic, hospital, nursing care facility, rehabilitation clinic, and school.  At the end of their coursework and clinical rotation, a student earns a DPT degree but still must pass a state licensure exam to practice as a physical therapist.2

On average, a DPT in the U.S. makes $105,710 per year, according to 2024 statistics.

While a DPT may use the title “Dr,” they are different from an MD/DO/DPM/DDS. A DPT cannot write prescriptions or perform surgery. A DPT is also different from a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy). DPT is treatment-focused, whereas the PhD is research-focused.

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OPTOMETRY Doctor [OD]

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Optometry Doctor [OD]: An optometrist has an Optometry Doctor (OD) degree and can assess overall eye health and the quality of a person’s vision through a comprehensive examination. They diagnose and treat many eye disorders that do not require surgery or further specialized care. An optometrist can also identify symptoms of other health conditions that may affect the eyes, such as diabetes. Some also specialize in a field like pediatric care.

Optometrists [OD] and ophthalmologists [MD/DO] are both eye doctors, but they have different types of training and areas of expertise. If you need an eye exam—and think you may need glasses or contact lenses—an optometrist is a good first choice. To become an optometrist, a person needs to complete four years of additional education after a bachelor’s degree. Sometimes they complete a residency as well.

Now, ODs are licensed doctors and can prescribe medication. However, optometrists have a defined scope of practice that that revolves largely around the eyes. Optometrists can not prescribe all the same medications that your family doctor or ophthalmologist can.

So, if your eye issue requires surgery, or for specific conditions related to your eyes or overall health, you’ll want to visit an ophthalmologist [MD/DO].

On average, an optometrist in the U.S. makes about $131,860 per year, according to 2023 statistics.

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PharmD: Doctor of Pharmacy

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PharmD – Doctor of Pharmacy

A Doctor of Pharmacy [ParrmD] is the professional degree required to become a pharmacist in the US. Practicing pharmacists complete an average of six years in school—including their pre-pharmacy education—before passing required exams and completing post-graduate training.

Here’s where things often get confusing. The word “pharmacist” is sometimes used in casual conversation to refer to healthcare professionals who aren’t technically licensed to be pharmacists.

For example, pharmacy technicians assist licensed pharmacists. They work behind the counter among the medications right alongside the pharmacist. However, they don’t need a Doctor of Pharmacy to do their job. A pharmaceutical sales representative typically needs four years of a bachelor’s degree with a foundation in chemistry and biology, though this is not always a requirement. Neither of these professionals is technically a pharmacist, although laypeople may mistakenly describe them that way.

And pursuing a PharmD doesn’t always mean you’ll work in a community pharmacy. In fact, just slightly fewer than half of all PharmD recipients end up in this role. Another 15 percent practice in other healthcare settings—hospitals, nursing homes, and managed care centers, for example. Other pharmacy students pursue research roles, government regulation positions, or work in highly specialized areas like oncology or geriatric pharmacy.

A PharmD or RPH [registered pharmacist] fills the electronic or written prescriptions of a MD/DO/DPM/DDS/DMD. They generally can not prescribe drugs or write prescriptions, however.

As of February 01, 2025, the average annual pay of Doctor of Pharmacy in the United States was $196,904. While Salary.com suggests that a Doctor of Pharmacy salary in the US can go up to $236,908 or down to $149,197, most earn between $171,932 and $217,844.

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DAILY UPDATE: BC/BS Anti-Trust Lawsuit as Stock Markets Close Mixed

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Essays, Opinions and Curated News in Health Economics, Investing, Business, Management and Financial Planning for Physician Entrepreneurs and their Savvy Advisors and Consultants

Serving Almost One Million Doctors, Financial Advisors and Medical Management Consultants Daily

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Blue Cross Blue Shield will soon begin paying out $2.67 billion to customers follow a years-long lawsuit alleging that the health insurance giant broke antitrust laws. The litigation began in 2013, when a class-action lawsuit was filed against more than 35 Blue Cross Blue Shield health insurance plans. The lawsuit claims the company broke antitrust laws by limiting market competition, resulting in increased premiums and reduced options for customers.

CITE: https://tinyurl.com/2h47urt5

US stocks closed mixed on Tuesday as investors assessed more tariff policy shifts from President Donald Trump and looked ahead to upcoming inflation data.

Traders also digested the start of Federal Chair Jerome Powell’s two-day testimony in Congress. In his opening remarks, Powell told lawmakers the Fed is not in a rush to adjust interest rates and reiterated the central bank’s stance of not commenting on trade policy.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average (^DJI) edged around 0.3% higher, while the benchmark S&P 500 (^GSPC) closed just above the flatline. The tech-heavy NASDAQ Composite (^IXIC) pulled back about 0.4%.

CITE: https://tinyurl.com/tj8smmes

Visualize: How private equity tangled banks in a web of debt, from the Financial Times.

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LIFE INSURANCE: Generic Policy

By Staff Reporters

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Life Insurance: A contract under which an insurance company promises, in exchange for premiums, to pay a set benefit when the policyholder dies.

Several factors will affect the cost and availability of life insurance, including age, health and the type and amount of insurance purchased. Life insurance policies have expenses, including mortality and other charges. If a policy is surrendered prematurely, the policyholder also may pay surrender charges and have income tax implications. You should consider determining whether you are insurable before implementing a strategy involving life insurance.

Any guarantees associated with a policy are dependent on the ability of the issuing insurance company to continue making claim payments.

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INSURANCE: Permanent Life

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Permanent Life Insurance: A class of life insurance policies that do not expire—as long as premiums are kept current—and which combine a death benefit with a savings component. This savings portion can accumulate a cash value against which the policy owner may be able to borrow funds.

Several factors will affect the cost and availability of life insurance, including age, health and the type and amount of insurance purchased. Life insurance policies have expenses, including mortality and other charges. If a policy is surrendered prematurely, the policyholder also may pay surrender charges and have income tax implications. So, you should consider determining whether you are insurable before implementing a strategy involving life insurance.

Finally, any guarantees associated with a policy are dependent on the ability of the issuing insurance company to continue making claim payments.

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PYGMALION: Rosenthal Effect

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The Pygmalion Effect, also known as the Rosenthal Effect, is a fascinating psychological phenomenon where higher expectations lead to an increase in performance. This concept originated from a study conducted by Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson in the 1960s. They discovered that when teachers were led to believe that certain students were expected to perform better academically, those students indeed showed significant improvement.

Here’s a brief overview of how the Pygmalion Effect works:

  1. Expectation Setting: When someone in a position of authority (like a teacher or manager) has high expectations for an individual, they often communicate these expectations through subtle cues.
  2. Behavioral Changes: The individual receiving these cues tends to internalize the expectations and changes their behavior accordingly. They might become more motivated, put in more effort, and show greater persistence.
  3. Performance Improvement: As a result of these behavioral changes, the individual’s performance improves, thereby fulfilling the initial high expectations.

This effect highlights the power of positive reinforcement and belief in someone’s potential. It underscores the importance of fostering a supportive and encouraging environment, whether in educational settings, workplaces, or personal relationships.

If you’re interested in applying the Pygmalion Effect in your life, consider these tips:

  • Set High, Yet Realistic Expectations: Believe in the potential of those around you and communicate your confidence in their abilities.
  • Provide Support and Resources: Ensure that individuals have the tools and support they need to meet these expectations.
  • Offer Positive Feedback: Regularly acknowledge and celebrate progress and achievements to reinforce positive behavior.

Remember, the Pygmalion Effect is a powerful reminder that our beliefs and expectations can significantly influence the outcomes we see in others.

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DAILY UPDATE: Pharmacy Schools and PBMs as Stocks Recover

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Essays, Opinions and Curated News in Health Economics, Investing, Business, Management and Financial Planning for Physician Entrepreneurs and their Savvy Advisors and Consultants

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One year after forming an alliance with pharmacy schools, Walgreens says it has taken steps to get more people interested in the profession and improve working conditions at the chain.

Walgreens announced the Deans Advisory Council last February, framing it as a collaboration with pharmacy schools to boost the number of students enrolling and address some of the broader issues in the industry, like burnout and declining reimbursements from pharmacy benefit managers.

CITE: https://tinyurl.com/2h47urt5

US stocks recovered from losses on Wednesday to close higher on the day. Earnings from Alphabet (GOOG, GOOGL) and AMD (AMD) fell short, but Big Tech got a boost from a jump in Nvidia (NVDA) shares.

The tech-heavy NASDAQ Composite (^IXIC) rose 0.2%, while the benchmark S&P 500 (^GSPC) added 0.4%. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (^DJI) led the gains, rising 0.7%, or more than 300 points.

CITE: https://tinyurl.com/tj8smmes

Visualize: How private equity tangled banks in a web of debt, from the Financial Times.

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FLEXNER REPORT: Medical Education

By Staff Reporters

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According to Wikipedia, the Flexner Report was a book-length landmark report of medical education in the United States and Canada, written by Abraham Flexner and published in 1910 under the aegis of the Carnegie Foundation. Flexner not only described the state of medical education in North America, but he also gave detailed descriptions of the medical schools that were operating at the time. He provided both criticisms and recommendations for improvements of medical education in the United States.

Many aspects of the present-day American medical profession stem from the Flexner Report and its aftermath. While it had many positive impacts on American medical education, the Flexner report has been criticized for introducing policies that encouraged systemic racism and sexism.

The Report, also called Carnegie Foundation Bulletin Number Four, called on American medical schools to enact higher admission and graduation standards, and to adhere strictly to the protocols of mainstream science principles in their teaching and research. The report talked about the need for revamping and centralizing medical institutions. Many American medical schools fell short of the standard advocated in the Flexner Report and, subsequent to its publication, nearly half of such schools merged or were closed outright.

Colleges for the education of the various forms of alternative medicine, such as electro-therapy were closed. Homeopathy, traditional osteopathy, eclectic medicine, and physiomedicalism (botanical therapies that had not been tested scientifically) were derided.

The Report also concluded that there were too many medical schools in the United States, and that too many doctors were being trained. A repercussion of the Flexner Report, resulting from the closure or consolidation of university training, was the closure of all but two black medical schools and the reversion of American universities to male-only admittance programs to accommodate a smaller admission pool.

In Chapter 11, Flexner stressed that the success of medical education reform and the professionalization of medicine relied heavily on the effective legal and ethical functioning of state medical boards. However, he noted that these boards were failing in their mission, stalling progress and allowing substandard medical practices to continue, thereby jeopardizing public health. This problem persists as a significant issue in the current practice of medicine in the United States.

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DAILY UPDATE: Healthcare Bankruptcies as Stock Markets Slide

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Stat: 57. That’s how many healthcare bankruptcies there were in 2024, down from 79 in 2023. (Healthcare Dive)

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US stocks lost ground on Friday after the White House said tariffs against Mexico, Canada, and China will take effect on Saturday, reigniting fears of a coming trade war with the nation’s closest trading partners. White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said the president would impose 25% tariffs on goods from Mexico and Canada, as well as a 10% tariff on goods from China.

All three major gauges fell into the red Friday. The S&P 500 (^GSPC) lost 0.5% at the closing bell, while the Dow Jones Industrial Average (^DJI) shed 0.8%. The tech-heavy NASDAQ Composite (^IXIC) gave up 0.3%, reversing earlier gains.

The dramatic tariff news pushed aside more optimistic updates from earlier in the day, which had buoyed stocks. Solid earnings from Apple (AAPL) and an inflation reading that matched expectations lifted market sentiment for much of the day.

Finally, the S&P and the Nasdaq posted losses for the week of 1% and 1.6%, respectively. The Dow, meanwhile, recorded a weekly gain of 0.3%.

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TRUMP ADMINISTRATION: Day-One Healthcare Moves

By Health Capital Consultants, LLC

In the first days of his second (nonconsecutive) presidential term, Donald Trump and his administration took a number of actions that will affect the healthcare industry in the near- and long-term. Further, the Trump Administration is reportedly poised to take a number of additional actions to pause, end, or otherwise change Biden-era initiatives.

Meanwhile, President Trump’s cabinet pick for the Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) hangs in the balance. This Health Capital Topics article reviews the new administration’s actions impacting the healthcare industry as of the date of publication. (Read more...)

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RN versus LPN Licenses

DEFINITIONS

By Staff Reporters

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Registered Nurse [RN]

RNs must complete an accredited Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) or Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program (or, in rare cases, diploma programs). After that, they become eligible to sit the NCLEX-RN exam and apply for registered nurse licensure in their state.

As a registered nurse, duties include basic patient care but expand to more technical responsibilities like medication administration, performing diagnostic tests, and operating medical equipment. Depending on the role, one may also supervise other healthcare workers like LPNs, certified nursing assistants (CNAs), or even other RNs.

Licensed Practical Nurses [LPN]

LPNs may also be called licensed vocational nurses (LVNs), and like registered nurses, LPNs must also complete an education program before becoming eligible for licensure. LPN programs typically take around one year, and you can find them at community colleges or vocational schools. 

Prospective LPNs must then take and pass the NCLEX-PN exam to become licensed. As an LPN, focus is on patient care tasks like monitoring vitals and changing bandages as part of a care team supervised by a physician or RN.

MORE: https://www.nursingprocess.org/lpn-vs-rn.html

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MBBS versus MD Degree

POPULAR MEDICAL DEFINITIONS

By Staff Reporters

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MBBS Degree [Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery]

The MBBS is usually a five-year undergraduate degree that medical students complete when they want to become doctors. However, some programs take six years to complete because the institution expects you to earn a Bachelor of Science (BSc) in your training. 

By the time a student applies to a medical program, they have likely taken several foundational science courses as part of their high school (or secondary) education. For example, medical applicants in the United Kingdom are often expected to show high scores on their General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and A-levels. 

Earning an MBBS means that students are certified to care for patients as junior physicians without specialized training. Graduates are expected to complete two years of additional training, which rotates them through different specialties. Once they identify a specialty they like, they can apply for additional training, which can take anywhere between three and eight years.  

MD Degree [Doctor of Medicine]

The acronym “MD” stands for the Latin termMedicinae Doctor,” which translates to “Doctor of Medicine” in English.

It refers to the title that students from the United States of America obtain after finishing medical school. Some countries consider the “MD” title a postgraduate doctoral degree that MBBS graduates can obtain with additional years of training. 

MORE: https://medicalschoolexpert.co.uk/medical-degrees-explained/

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DAILY UPDATE: TikToc, Walgreens & Hindenburg Research All Down as Markets Blast Off

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WASHINGTON — The US Supreme Court on Friday delivered a blow to TikTok by upholding a law that could potentially lead to the video-sharing social media platform being banned in the United States. The justices in an unsigned opinion with no dissents rejected a free speech challenge filed by the company, meaning the law is set to go into effect on Sunday as planned. The bipartisan law requires China-based TikTok owner ByteDance to divest itself of the company by Sunday, the day before President-elect Donald Trump is to take office. If no sale takes place, the platform used by millions of Americans will in theory be banned.

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Legendary short seller Nate Anderson announced this week that he is shutting down his firm, Hindenburg Research, due to extreme job stress. With only 11 employees, Anderson took gargantuan swings at companies—and their billionaire leaders. Hindenburg published deeply researched reports about companies it believed were overvalued and rife with corruption. It got its big break when it shorted electric truck-maker Nikola in 2020, calling the company an “intricate fraud.” Regulators took note, and it led to three fraud convictions for Nikola founder Trevor Milton.

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US stocks jumped on Friday amid a tech stock revival as investors assessed a week of key data and earnings reports alongside potential policy shifts under a Trump administration.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average (^DJI) gained 0.8% while the S&P 500 (^GSPC) rose 1%, coming off a losing day for the major gauges. The tech-heavy NASDAQ Composite (^IXIC) put on 1.5% as Nvidia (NVDA) and Tesla (TSLA) shares nudged back into the green.

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The US Department of Justice (DOJ) filed a lawsuit against Walgreens (WBA), one of the nation’s largest pharmacy chains, alleging widespread prescription drug practice violations. According to the DOJ, Walgreens improperly dispensed millions of prescriptions from August 2012 to the present day that either lacked “legitimate medical purpose” or were otherwise invalid.

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DAILY UPDATE: Capital One, CPI and Medicare as Wall Street Blasts Off

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The U.S. Department of Labor reported a 0.4% increase in the monthly CPI after seasonal adjustment, overshooting the forecast of 0.3% and the previous value of 0.3%. On an annual basis, inflation climbed to 2.9%, up from 2.7% in November, the highest rate since July 2024.

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US stocks ripped higher on Wednesday as high hopes for bank earnings paid off and a crucial consumer inflation update showed key prices increased less than expected in December.

The benchmark S&P 500 (^GSPC) popped more than 1.8%, while the Dow Jones Industrial Average (^DJI) rose more than 1.6%, or over 700 points. Meanwhile, the tech-heavy NASDAQ Composite (^IXIC) soared 2.5%.

Stocks took a leg higher after the Consumer Price Index (CPI) showed progress toward the Fed’s 2% inflation target in December. Prices climbed 0.2% month-on-month on a “core” basis, which strips out the more volatile costs of food and gas, an easing from November’s 0.3% gain. Over last year, core CPI rose 3.2%.

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Capital One is being sued by the US government’s consumer watchdog agency for “cheating millions of consumers” and not paying more than $2 billion in interest to holders of its high-interest savings accounts.

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As of January 1st 2025, beneficiaries enrolled in Part D prescription drug plans will have their out-of-pocket spending capped at $2,000 for the year. This new policy was part of President Joe Biden’s 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which included other drug pricing measures such as capping the cost of insulin at $35 per month for seniors.

But only a small share of Medicare enrollees will benefit from the cap, according to an analysis from nonprofit organization AARP’s Public Policy Institute, as most don’t spend more than $2,000 annually on their medications after hitting their deductible (which is up to $590 for standard plans in 2025). Beneficiaries spent an average of $400 to $500 per year as of 2022, the Hill reported, citing data from the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

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ADAPTATION Release

By Staff Reporters

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Activation due to release from adaptation = Extra activation caused by stimulus change = (Response to the two different stimuli paired together) – (Response to same stimuli presented without the change) E.g. (1/4 + 4/1) – (1/1 + 4/4) To look for adaptation paralleling same/diff perception. Make a contrast weighting each adaptation release value by the subject’s behavioural responses on that part of the same/different curve. Rajeev Raizada – UW MRI talk, Oct

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Release from Adaptation is the joy you feel when something changes after becoming accustomed to it. It’s like the relief of a cool breeze after a hot day. Our brains get used to stimuli, making them less noticeable over time. When there’s a change, it’s like hitting the refresh button on our senses.

This is why, according to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, novelty feels so exciting and routine can become dull. So, inject some variety into your life to keep things fresh and enjoy the small releases from adaptation.

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DAILY UPDATE: Veterans Scammed as 3 Major Markets Drop

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Read: Health insurers reportedly took billions of dollars from Medicare to cover veterans who didn’t use services. (the Wall Street Journal)

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US stocks closed the holiday week on a downbeat note as Wall Street slogged to the finish of a largely triumphant year.

The S&P 500 (^GSPC) lost 1.1%, while the tech-heavy NASDAQ Composite (^IXIC) shed 1.5% Friday at the close. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (^DJI) gave up 0.8%. Meanwhile, the 10-year Treasury yield (^TNX) hovered near seven-month highs around 4.6%.

After stacking impressive gains this year, some of the biggest names in tech lost ground as investors took profits, rebalance portfolios, or reassessed their lofty valuations. Tesla (TSLA) lost 5%. Nvidia (NVDA) gave up c2%, while Amazon (AMZN) decreased by 1%.

Wall Street has just three trading days remaining in a 2024 full of big gains, but markets have been unable to mount a “Santa Claus” rally into the end of the year.

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DAILY UPDATE: Medicare Tele-Health Out as DJIA Finishes Up a Tad

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Absent Congressional action, beginning January 1sy, 2025, the statutory limitations that were in place for Medicare telehealth services prior to the COVID-19 PHE will retake effect for most telehealth services.

This means most telehealth visits will not be covered by Medicare in 2025, unless Congress acts by the end of December 2024.

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(Reuters) -The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed fractionally higher on Thursday, stretching its winning streak to five sessions despite light trading volumes and rising U.S. Treasury yields weighing on some of the dominant technology megacaps.

While the NASDAQ Composite and the S&P 500 were broadly unchanged, the indexes both finished slightly in negative territory. This snapped the NASDAQ’s four-session run of higher closes, and ended the S&P 500’s own run at three sessions.

On a day of few catalysts, investors responded to yields on U.S. government bonds inching higher, including the yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury note hitting its highest since early May at 4.64% earlier in the session. And, a strong auction of seven-year notes early in the afternoon though helped yields come off slightly, with the 10-year note at 4.58% in late-afternoon trade.

Higher yields are traditionally seen as negative for growth stocks, as it raises the cost of their borrowing to fund expansion. With markets increasingly dominated by the megacap technology stocks known as the Magnificent Seven, crimping their performance – especially in lieu of other market catalysts – will put downward pressure on benchmark indexes.

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The S&P 500 slipped 2.45 points, or 0.04%, to 6,037.59 points, while the NASDAQ Composite lost 10.77 points, or 0.05%, to 20,020.36. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 28.77 points, or 0.07%, to 43,325.80.

Six of the megacaps fell, with Tesla leading decliners with a 1.8% fall. The outlier was Apple, rising 0.3% and continuing to edge closer to becoming the first company in the world to hit a market value of $4 trillion.

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EUROPEAN UNION Paradox

By Staff Reporters

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The European Union Paradox is the perceived failure of European countries to translate scientific advances into marketable innovations.

The root of this issue remains debated: is it due to the scientific output being distant from the cutting-edge, or is it because the European innovation system lacks the capacity to harness the potential of groundbreaking research?

And so, this study reveals that, compared to similar European research, the European Research Council has a similar probability of being cited in patents, although it garners a larger number of patent citations. Moreover, patents that do draw upon ERC research are often of superior quality, measured by forward citations.

Compared to similar European research, inventive activities arising from ERC science are predominantly housed within universities and public research organizations. In absolute terms, however, US organizations, especially US companies, still lead in deriving the greatest benefit from ERC science.

Cite: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4635463

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DAILY UPDATE: PBMs and Healthcare A.I. as All Major Market Indexes Drop

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Stat: 97%. That’s how many healthcare leaders think A.I. will become important in healthcare over the next five years.

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Pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) are once again under pressure from federal leaders. A group of Democratic and Republican congresspeople proposed legislation that would attempt to prevent pharmacies from also owning PBMs. The three largest PBMs—CVS Health’s Caremark, Cigna’s Express Scripts, and UnitedHealth Group’s Optum Rx—currently operate pharmacies and administer more than 80% of the prescriptions in the US, and officials have linked this practice to drug price increases.

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US stocks fell across the board on Tuesday, with the Dow logging its biggest losing streak in 46 years. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (^DJI) finished the session down roughly 0.6%, registering its ninth straight day of losses. The last 9-day losing streak for the Dow was Feb. 1978. Prior to that, the index suffered an 11-day losing streak in 1974 and another in 1971.

The other major indexes dropped in tandem on Tuesday, with the benchmark S&P 500 (^GSPC) falling around 0.4% and the NASDAQ Composite (^IXIC) losing about 0.3% after the tech-heavy index closed at a record high on Monday.

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DAILY UPDATE: Medicare Open Enrollment Ends as Stock Market Weekly Gains

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Medicare Open enrollment ended December 7th, 2024. New Plans commence January 1st, 2025.

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Potential Market-Moving Catalysts:

Economic:

  • Monday (12/9): Wholesale Inventories
  • Tuesday (12/10): Productivity-Revised, Unit Labor Costs-Revised
  • Wednesday (12/11): Consumer Price Index (CPI), EIA Crude Oil Inventories, MBA Mortgage Applications Index, Treasury Budget  
  • Thursday (12/12): Producer Price Index (PPI), EIA Natural Gas Inventories, Initial Claims, Continuing Claims
  • Friday (12/13): Export Prices ex-ag, Import Prices ex-oil

Earnings:

  • Monday (12/9): Oracle Group (ORCL), MongoDB Inc. (MDB), Toll Brothers Inc. (TOL), Casey’s General Stores Inc. (CASY), Vail Resorts Inc. (MTN)
  • Tuesday (12/10): AutoZone Inc. (AZN), Ferguson Enterprises Inc. (FERG), Academy Sports and Outdoors Inc. (ASO), GameStop Corp. (GME)   
  • Wednesday (12/11): Adobe Inc. (ADBE), Nordson Corp. (NDSN), REV Group Inc. (REVG)
  • Thursday (12/12): Ciena Corp. (CIEN), Broadcom Inc. (AVGO), Costco Wholesale Corp. (COST)   
  • Friday (12/13): -no reports-

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U.S. stocks closed mostly higher Friday, with the S&P 500 and NASDAQ Composite each notching fresh record peaks after the latest employment report showed jobs growth bounced back in November. The S&P 500 rose 15.16 points, or 0.2%, to end at 6,090.27. The NASDAQ climbed 159.05 points, or 0.8%, to close at 19,859.77. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 123.19 points, or 0.3%, to end at 44,642.52.

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DOOMSCROLLING & DOOMSURFING: Defined

By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd

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Two years ago, prior to the 2022 election, mental health experts alerted the medical world to their version of an assessment scale for yet another new condition – “doomscrolling.”

As defined by the National Library of Medicine in the article, “Constant exposure to negative news on social media and news feeds could take the form of ‘doomscrolling’ which is commonly defined as a habit of scrolling through social media and news feeds where users obsessively seek for depressing and negative information.”

And so, formally Doomscrolling or doomsurfing is the act of spending an excessive amount of time reading large quantities of news, particularly negative news, on the web and social media. Doomscrolling can also be defined as the excessive consumption of short-form videos or social media content for an excessive period of time without stopping. The concept was coined around 2020, particularly in the context of the COVID pandemic.

Surveys and studies suggest doomscrolling is predominant among youth. It can be considered a form of internet addiction disorder. In 2019, a study by the National Academy of Sciences found that it can be linked to a decline in mental and physical health. Numerous reasons for doomscrolling have been cited, including negativity bias and FOMO [fear of missing out], and attempts at gaining control over uncertainty.

QUERY: What about the roaring stock market, post the 2024 presidential election. Fundamental analysis or FOMO?

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AMA: 41 Senators Sign Letter to Stop Medicare Cuts

By Staff Reporters

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In a sign of legislative momentum, 41 senators are supporting efforts to prevent a pending 2.8 percent cut in Medicare physician payments that will go into effect January 1st. The bipartisan letter led by Sens. John Boozman, R-Ark., and Peter Welch, D-Vt., to Senate leaders says the cuts would interfere with the ability of physicians to provide high-quality care. “These continued payment cuts undermine the ability of independent clinical practices – especially in rural and under served areas – to care for their communities,” the letter said.

The Senate letter follows one from the American Medical Association (AMA) and 127 other state medical associations and national medical societies asking Congress to use these last few congressional days to prevent the scheduled cuts. The letter to congressional leaders also urges Congress to provide a positive payment update for 2025. All 50 state medical societies – and DC— as well as 77 national medical societies signed.

Source: AMA

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SALARY PRIME NUMBERS: Financial Success by Generation

By Staff Reporters

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According to HVL from Morning Brew, a new survey from financial services company Empower ignited a conversation about what monetary success means. Turns out, it depends on who you ask. Boomers believe that success means having an annual salary of about $100,000. Gen Z thinks your mom can’t brag about you to her dentist until you earn $600k/year. On average, respondents said success is making $270,000 annually.

Additionally, less than 40% of respondents said they considered themselves financially successful. Almost 50% don’t believe they will achieve the level of success they desire.

But there was some good news: Forty-three percent said their idea of success didn’t depend on a specific sum of money. And almost 60% said happiness is most important, as long as happiness is defined as “being able to spend money on the things and experiences that bring the most joy.”

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DAILY UPDATE: Health Insurance Affordability as Stock Markets Broadly Rise

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The Commonwealth Fund’s 2024 biennial health insurance survey, released November 21, found that though 79% of US adults had continuous health insurance for 12 months, 23% were under insured, meaning they have health insurance and still can’t afford care. About 56% of those surveyed had adequate insurance coverage all year.

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STOCKS UP

  • Rocket Lab rocketed (sorry) 3.44% to a new record high after launching not one, but two different rockets in two different hemispheres in a single day.
  • Bath & Body Works soared 16.51% on a strong beat-and-raise quarter.
  • Robinhood jumped 3.27% after Morgan Stanley analysts doubled their price target for the investing app.
  • Super Micro Computer surged yet another 15.87%, more than doubling in the last seven days, and shareholders cheered its comeback.
  • Hims & Hers Health climbed 23.77% on the news that the new head of the FDA may be an ally.
  • Flying taxi company Vertical Aerospace popped 45.51% after announcing an additional $50 million in funding from one of its biggest shareholders.

STOCKS DOWN

  • Defense contractor stocks got a double whammy today: Hopes of a ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah, combined with Elon Musk’s declaration on X that buying manned military aircraft is wasteful. Lockheed Martin fell 3.76%, Northrop Grumman dropped 2.39%, and Raytheon Technologies parent company RTX Corp. fell 1.74%.
  • Speaking of Musk, Tesla sank 3.96% after California announced it may exclude the automaker from incentives that encourage drivers to buy EVs in the state.
  • Pipeline operator Oneok lost 4.72% on the news that it will acquire the remaining portion of EnLink Midstream that it doesn’t already own.
  • After rallying last week thanks to its inclusion in the S&P 500, Texas Pacific Land sank 6.71% today as investors took profits.

CITE: https://tinyurl.com/2h47urt5

Here’s where the major benchmarks ended:

  •  The SPX rose 18.03 points (0.30%) to 5,987.37; the $DJI added 440.06 points (0.99%) to 44,736.57; and the NASDAQ Composite® ($COMP) gained 51.18 points (0.27%) to 19,054.84.
  • The 10-year Treasury note yield fell 15 basis points to 4.27%.
  • The CBOE Volatility Index® (VIX)dropped to 14.74, the lowest since November 14.

CITE: https://tinyurl.com/tj8smmes

Visualize: How private equity tangled banks in a web of debt, from the Financial Times.

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BONDS: Tobacco

By Staff Reporters

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Tobacco bonds are a form of municipal debt securities and securitized debt whose payment obligations are tied to a master medical lawsuit settlement agreement between 46 states and several major U.S. tobacco companies.

In exchange for the states settling their lawsuits against the tobacco industry for recovery of tobacco-related health care costs and exempting the tobacco companies from private tort liability regarding harm caused by tobacco use, the companies agreed to curtail or cease certain tobacco marketing practices and to pay, in perpetuity, various annual payments to the states to compensate for the medical costs of tobacco-related illnesses.

These tobacco industry payments have been securitized into municipal bonds. One underlying risk, among others, is that if certain conditions are met, the tobacco companies may reduce or suspend part of their payments.

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NOVEMBER: National Alzheimer’s Awareness Month

By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd

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The number of people living with Alzheimer’s disease is growing. The ripple effect is straining families, communities, and the healthcare system, yet talking about the disease on a personal level can be difficult.

November is Alzheimer’s Awareness Month because it can happen in any family, and because it’s worth talking about the challenges of living with or caring for someone with this disease.

You may notice splashes of teal and purple sprouting up this November, as both colors are associated with Alzheimer’s awareness. Teal is the color of the Alzheimer’s Foundation of America, chosen for its calming effect. Purple is the signature color of the Alzheimer’s Foundation, which stands for strength in the fight against Alzheimer’s disease.

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PHYSICIAN: Pay Cuts in 2025

By Staff Reporters

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Doctors, Facing Another Pay Cut, Call for Permanent Medicare Payment Reform

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is moving forward with a 2.9% cut to physician payments in 2025 despite protest from major industry groups. CMS has finalized the calendar year 2025 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule rule that sets payment rates for next year and also outlines new policies focused on primary care, preserved telehealth flexibilities, and a strengthened Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP). 

But, provider groups were quick to condemn CMS’ decision to go ahead with the pay cut, which was proposed in the draft rule released in July. In a statement, Bruce Scott, MD, president of the American Medical Association (AMA), pointed out that that while physicians are receiving a 2.8% payment cut next year, medical practice costs for physicians will increase by 3.5% in 2025. After adjusted for inflation, Medicare reimbursement to physicians has decreased 29% since 2001, the AMA says.

Source: Heather Landi, Fierce Healthcare [11/2/24]

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PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE: The Paradox

BY DR. DAVID EDWARD MARCINKO MBA MEd CMP

Sponsor: http://www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org

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Classic Definition: Despite rising costs, health care often is of poor quality. Evidence from a classic medical improvement outcomes study assessed care of patients with several chronic diseases. This study found that patients’ functional health status outcomes are similar to care rendered by specialists and generalists but that generalists use far fewer resources. Similar outcome at lower cost represents higher value.

Modern Circumstance: Current solutions to improving care quality may do more harm than good if they focus more on diseases than on people. Efforts to improve the parts (evidence-based care of specific diseases) may not necessarily improve the whole (the health of people and populations).

Expanding access to specialty care, for example, has been proposed as both a source of and a solution for deficiencies in quality of care. Primary care is touted as an essential building block of a high-value health care system even as it is undermined by systems attempting to improve the quality, effectiveness, and value of their health care..

Paradox Example: The above contradictions plague improvement efforts in health care systems around the world, particularly the United States The paradox is that compared with specialty care or with systems dominated by specialty medical care, primary care is associated with the following: (1) poorer quality care for individual diseases, yet (2) similar functional health status at lower cost for people with chronic disease, and (3) better quality, better health, greater health  equity and lower costs for whole peoples and populations.

And so, this contradiction plagues improvement efforts in health care systems around the world, particularly the United States.

Cite: Kurt Stange MD PhD and Robert Ferrer MD MPH

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FINANCIAL PLANNING AND ECONOMIC: Mental Health Blocks

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GDP: Private Domestic Health Care Investments

By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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SPONSOR: http://www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org

GROSS PRIVATE DOMESTIC HEALTH CARE INVESTMENTS

Classic:  Investment purchases and private expenditures of healthcare firms, the value of related construction, and the change in inventory during the year.

Modern: Gross Revenue Per Day is the average amount charged by a hospital for one day of inpatient care (gross inpatient revenue divided by patient-census days).

CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/0826102549

Examples:

  • Gross Revenue Per Discharge: The average amount charged by a hospital to treat an inpatient from admission to discharge (gross inpatient revenue divided by discharges).
  • Gross Revenue Per Visit: The average amount charged by a hospital for an outpatient visit (gross outpatient revenue divided by outpatient visits).

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DAILY UPDATE: Nvidia, Intel, Oil, Bitcoin, Treasury Yields, CMS and Physician Pay

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Essays, Opinions and Curated News in Health Economics, Investing, Business, Management and Financial Planning for Physician Entrepreneurs and their Savvy Advisors and Consultants

Serving Almost One Million Doctors, Financial Advisors and Medical Management Consultants Daily

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Nvidia is replacing Intel on the Dow Jones Industrial Average, a shakeup to the blue-chip index that replaces a flagging semiconductor company with the primary vendor of GPUs for AI.

CITE: https://tinyurl.com/2h47urt5

  • Despite selling off last week, stocks spent Friday comfortably in the green thanks to strong earnings from big tech.
  • Treasury yields rose back above 4.3% as bonds sold off and investors poured money into risk assets.
  • Oil rose a bit on reports that Iran may retaliate against Israel sometime soon.
  • Bitcoin was unable to hold the line and continued to fall today as crypto volatility continues to escalate ahead of the election.

CITE: https://tinyurl.com/tj8smmes

Bipartisan Legislation Aims to Stop Medicare Cuts & Boost Physician Pay in 2025

Physicians and other healthcare practitioners may get a pay boost in 2025 through a bipartisan bill recently introduced in Congress. The proposed bill seeks to block planned Medicare pay cuts next year and would provide the first inflationary update to physician pay in years. The Medicare Patient Access and Practice Stabilization Act would counteract the 2.8% cut to the conversion factor proposed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) in the draft CY-2025 Physician Fee Schedule. A stop-gap pay fix is usually enacted by Congress at the end of the year. 

Source: Emma Beavins, Fierce Healthcare [10/30/24].

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IN & OUT OF NETWORK: Medical Care

By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

SPONSOR: http://www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org

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What does in-network mean?

In-network refers to a health care provider that has a contract with your health plan to provide health care services to its plan members at a pre-negotiated rate. Because of this relationship, you pay a lower cost-sharing when you receive services from an in-network doctor.

What does out-of-network mean?

Out-of-network refers to a health care provider who does not have a contract with your health insurance plan. If you use an out-of-network provider, health care services could cost more since the provider doesn’t have a pre-negotiated rate with your health plan. Or, depending on your health plan, the health care services may not be covered at all.

CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/0826102549

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OUT OF NETWORK [OON] MEDICAL CARE

Classic: Any medical provider, supplier or facility that is in-network is one that has contracted with your health insurer to provide services;as above.

Modern: Depending on your plan, if you visit an out-of-network provider, it may not be covered or might be only partially covered. When making appointments with various doctors and service providers, you may notice some are listed as “in-network” while others are “out-of-network.”

THINK: Medicare Advantage {Part C] Plans

Example: You can expect a higher deductible and out-of-pocket limit at out-of-network providers. Your coinsurance and co-payment may also be higher for out-of-network providers.

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EMPLOYER’S: Pay for Health Insurance Paradox

By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP

SPONSOR: http://www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org

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Classic Definition: Employers write checks that cover most health insurance premiums for employees and their dependents. But as the late Princeton health economist Uwe Reinhardt PhD once explained, employer-sponsored insurance is like a pickpocket taking money out of your wallet at a bar and buying you a drink. You appreciate the cocktail until you realize you paid for it yourself.

Modern Circumstance: With health coverage, employers write the check to the insurer, but employees bear the cost of the premium — the entire premium, not just the portion listed as their contribution on their pay stub. The premium money that goes to the insurance company is cash that employers would otherwise deposit in employees’ accounts like the rest of their salary.

CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/0826102549

Paradox Example: The fallacy paradox is in thinking an employer’s contribution comes out of profits. In fact, higher health insurance premiums mean lower wages for workers. Since 1999, health insurance premiums have increased 147 percent and employer profits have increased 148 percent. But in that time, average wages have hardly moved, increasing just 7 percent. Clearly workers’ wages, not corporate profits, have been paying for higher health insurance premiums. Health care costs are one — though not the only — reason wages have stagnated over the last few decades. With health insurance costs rising faster than growth in the economy, more labor costs go to benefits like health insurance and less to take-home pay. Yet the paradox that employees don’t pay for their own health insurance is widespread:

  • The first reason is that individuals cannot be sure what causes their wages to change or remain stagnant for decades.
  • The second reason is that employers want Americans to believe that they pay for their workers’ health insurance.
  • The third reason is that there are those who profit from the employment-based system: drug companies, device manufacturers, specialty physicians and high-income individuals.

And so, they all want you to believe companies are being magnanimous in giving you insurance, but they are not!

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DAILY UPDATE: Stock Markets, Netflix and Medicare Part C as CVS Closes Stores

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Essays, Opinions and Curated News in Health Economics, Investing, Business, Management and Financial Planning for Physician Entrepreneurs and their Savvy Advisors and Consultants

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A Partner of the Institute of Medical Business Advisors , Inc.

http://www.MedicalBusinessAdvisors.com

SPONSORED BY: Marcinko & Associates, Inc.

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Daily Update Provided By Staff Reporters Since 2007.
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Markets: The S&P 500 hit an all-time high yesterday, closing out its sixth consecutive week of gains for its longest streak of 2024. The Dow and NASDAQ also closed in the green.

CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource

The largest Medicare Advantage insurers have prioritized profits over patient care by increasing the use of prior authorization in recent years to frequently deny post-acute care services to older adults, according to a report published Oct. 17th by the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations.

CITE: https://tinyurl.com/2h47urt5

The drugstore chain CVS is in the process of shuttering “roughly 300” locations across the country in 2024, a spokesperson confirmed to Good Housekeeping. That includes the dozens of pharmacies in Target stores.

CITE: https://tinyurl.com/tj8smmes

Stock spotlight: Netflix stock jumped on Friday, a day after its earnings report beat expectations.

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Do Doctors Use ChatGPT in Clinical Decisions?

By Staff Reporters

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Are doctors using publicly available tools like ChatGPT? The answer, Fierce Healthcare finds, is yes. In the first in-depth look of its kind into physician use of public genAI tools, Fierce Healthcare spoke with nearly two dozen doctors, students, AI experts and regulators, and helped conduct a survey of more than 100 physicians. The reporting confirms that some doctors are turning to tools intended for non-clinical uses to make clinical decisions. 

More: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2804309

A collaborative survey between Fierce Healthcare and physician social network Sermo found that 76% of respondents reported using general-purpose LLMs in clinical decision-making. With no standardized guidelines, lagging physician training and regulators racing to try to keep up with rapidly changing technology, guardrails to protect patients appear to be years behind current rates of utilization.

Source: Fierce Healthcare [10/8/24]

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MEDICARE: Open Enrollment Period Commences

By Staff Reporters & The Medicare Team

Medicare open enrollment—which runs from October 15th through December 7th this year—is your chance to check in on your Medicare plan and, if needed, change it.

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Mark your calendars — Medicare Open Enrollment starts October 15th! Did you know new benefits are coming to Medicare drug coverage next year?

Starting in 2025, all Medicare plans will include a $2,000 cap on what you pay out-of-pocket for prescription drugs covered by your plan. So, it’s more important than ever to make sure your drugs are covered.

Also starting next year, you can choose to participate in a program that spreads your out-of-pocket drug costs across the calendar year, instead of paying all at once at the pharmacy. It’s called the Medicare Prescription Payment Plan — and you can opt in with your plan throughout the 2025 plan year. Contact your plan for more details.

Preview Coverage Options

Remember, Medicare plans can change from one year to the next, and so can your health needs. Preview and compare all your health and drug options and see if you can save!

The Medicare Team

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AVOIDANT BEHAVIOR: Disease and Illness

COMMON SENSE PUBLIC AND POPULATION HEALTH

By Staff Reporters

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According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, Disease Avoidant Behavior are the actions we take to avoid illness, often driven by instinctive or learned responses. It’s why we wash our hands obsessively during flu season, wear a balaclava mask and/or avoid people who are sneezing or coughing.

Note: A balaclava is a form of cloth headgear designed to expose only part of the face, usually the eyes and mouth. Depending on style and how it is worn, only the eyes, mouth and nose, or just the front of the face are unprotected. Versions with enough of a full face opening may be rolled into a hat to cover the crown of the head or folded down as a collar around the neck.

This behavior is rooted in our evolutionary survival instincts, helping us steer clear of contagious health threats like RSV, COVID and the winter flu. While it’s usually a good thing, excessive disease avoidant behavior can lead to anxiety and social isolation.

So, balance caution with common sense and public/population health directives to stay healthy and sane.

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