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By Eric Bricker MD
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Filed under: "Doctors Only", Career Development, Experts Invited, Glossary Terms, Health Economics, Health Insurance, Health Law & Policy, Op-Editorials, Videos | Tagged: cost bureaucracy, Eric Bricker MD, Healthcare bureaucracy, hospital bureaucracy, hospital costs | Leave a comment »
By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP
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Medicare [Dis] Advantage Plans [Medicare Part C] commenced in 2003 or so and I have railed against them since then. First, for their low physician payments. And then as a patient advocate for the last decade. And, today, for both reasons. As a doctor and independent health insurance agent myself, believe me when I speak thusly.
READ: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2023/11/07/proposed-changes-medicare-advantage/
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Now, while Medicare Advantage plans are undoubtedly not the right choice for everyone, insurance companies still say there are some folks who will get exactly what they need from the plans and at a moderate price.
Nevertheless, Ernesto Jaboneta, the IT Director of California-based Medicare insurance agency Agent Pitstop, acknowledged there are many predatory salespeople who will jump to have you join a plan that doesn’t end up helping you in the long run. Still, there are precautions you can take to make falling into this trap less likely.
“The first thing anyone can do is invite along a family member or trusted friend to any appointments with an insurance agent,” Jaboneta told Newsweek. “Don’t feel pressured to decide right away.”
Before you commit to anything, you should compare plans and find out if your doctors will remain in your network. And if you’re unsure about some of the information you received from an insurance agent, you can also call 1-800-MEDICARE for more assistance.
Jaboneta also said there’s a big difference between captive insurance agents and independent agents, as well, and seniors should take note of this.
“A captive agent is an insurance agent who works directly for an insurance carrier,” Jaboneta said. “They have no incentive to compare options outside their own company, which is different than an independent agent who can compare all the options available. In many cases, when a beneficiary calls into an insurance company to find information, they will be talked into enrolling.”
The open enrollment period lasts from October 15th to December 8th, but there’s another enrollment period from January 1st to March 31st for anyone unhappy with their Medicare Advantage plan who wants to switch or revert to Medicare.
INVESTING UPDATE: Managed-care companies are reporting that seniors on Medicare Advantage Part C plans used far more medical services than expected in the final months of 2023. The announcements have sparked two separate selloffs over the past week: The first came January 12th, when UnitedHealth Group announced its fourth-quarter earnings. The second came after Humana just laid out preliminary fourth-quarter results, and said the high utilization trends would have a material impact on its 2024 performance “if current trends continue.”
CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/082610254
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Filed under: "Ask-an-Advisor", Accounting, CMP Program, Drugs and Pharma, Ethics, Experts Invited, Glossary Terms, Health Economics, Health Insurance, Health Law & Policy, Healthcare Finance, Touring with Marcinko | Tagged: Agent Pitstop, David Marciniko, Ernesto Jaboneta, Humana, insurance agents, medicare, Medicare Advantage, Medicare Part, Newsweek, Part C, UHC, United Healthcare | 1 Comment »
By Calvin Weise CPA and Dr. David E. Marcinko MBA MEd CMP
SPONSOR: http://www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital
It is critical to understand and to measure the total cost of capital. Lack of understanding and appreciation of the total cost of capital is widespread, particularly among not-for-profit hospital executives. The capital structure includes long-term debt and equity; total capital is the sum of these two. Each of these components has cost associated with it. For the long-term debt portion, this cost is explicit: it is the interest rate plus associated costs of placement and servicing.
Equity portion
For the equity portion, the cost is not explicit and is widely misunderstood. In many cases, hospital capital structures include significant amounts of equity that has accumulated over many years of favorable operations. Too many executives wrongly attribute zero cost to the equity portion of their capital structure. Although it is correct that generally accepted accounting principles continue to assign a zero cost to equity, there is opportunity cost associated with equity that needs to be considered. This cost is the opportunity available to utilize that capital in alternative ways.
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In general, the cost attributed to equity is the return expected by the equity markets on hospital equity. This can be observed by evaluating the equity prices of hospital companies whose equity is traded on public stock exchanges. Usually the equity prices will imply cost of equity in the range of 10% to 14%.
Almost always, the cost of equity implied by hospital equity prices traded on public stock exchanges will substantially exceed the cost of long-term debt. Thus, while many hospital executives will view the cost of equity to be substantially less than the cost of debt (i.e., to be zero), in nearly all cases, the appropriate cost of equity will be substantially greater than the cost of debt.
http://www.HealthDictionarySeries.org
Hospitals need to measure their weighted average cost of capital (WACC).
WACC is the cost of long-term debt multiplied by the ratio of long-term debt to total capital plus the cost of equity multiplied by the ratio of equity to total capital (where total capital is the sum of long-term debt and equity).
WACC is then used as the basis for capital charges associated with all capital investments. Capital investments should be expected to generate positive returns after applying this capital charge based on the WACC. Capital investments that don’t generate returns exceeding the WACC consume enterprise value; those that generate returns exceeding WACC increase enterprise value.
Assessment
Hospital executives need to be rewarded for increasing enterprise value.
Conclusion
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Filed under: "Doctors Only", Accounting, CMP Program, Glossary Terms, Healthcare Finance, Practice Management, Touring with Marcinko | Tagged: certified medical planner, CMP, CPA, Marcinko, WACC, Weighted Average Cost of Capital, Weise Calvin | Leave a comment »
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By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP
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According to George Washington University, a hospital chargemaster is a comprehensive list of a hospital’s products, procedures, and services. Everything from prescription drugs to supplies for diagnostic tests has a unique price listing in the chargemaster, making it a go-to document for hospital administrators such as CFOs, clinical documentation improvement specialists, and revenue directors.
Chargemaster usage dates back to the mid-20th century. At that time, fee-for-service (FFS) health insurance plans, which allow patients to direct their medical care by choosing physicians and facilities and paying a portion of the billed total, had just emerged in the U.S. healthcare system.
The chargemaster originally served as something akin to an FFS dictionary, with an entry for virtually anything billable under that economic model of healthcare.
CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/082610254
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Over time, FFS itself has evolved and been challenged by alternatives like value-based care (VBC). Chargemasters built for FFS have changed accordingly, and they remain fixtures of the modern hospital revenue cycle. A standard chargemaster is a large electronic file containing multiple elements for each entry. These attributes usually include:
MORE: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2013/09/26/some-modern-issues-impacting-hospital-revenue-cycles/
RCC: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2013/03/06/a-better-approach-to-hospital-cost-estimation/
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HEALTH INSURANCE: https://www.amazon.com/Dictionary-Health-Insurance-Managed-Care/dp/0826149944/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1275315485&sr=1-4
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Filed under: "Doctors Only", Accounting, Book Reviews, Glossary Terms, Health Economics, Health Insurance, Touring with Marcinko | Tagged: chargemaster, CPT, fee for service, FFS, HCPCS, Hospital CHARGE MASTER, Marcinko, value based care, VBC | 1 Comment »
By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA CMP™
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The Cost of Hospital Capital Is “WACC”
It is critical for physician executives to understand and to measure the total cost of hospital capital. Lack of understanding and appreciation of the total cost of capital is widespread, particularly among not-for-profit hospital and physician executives. The capital structure includes long-term debt and equity; total capital is the sum of these two, and, each of these components has cost associated with it.
For the long-term debt portion, this cost is explicit—it is the interest rate plus associated costs of placement and servicing. For the equity portion, the cost is not explicit and is widely misunderstood. In many cases, hospital capital structures include significant amounts of equity that has accumulated over many years of favorable operations.
Far too many executives wrongly attribute zero cost to the equity portion of their capital structure. Although it is correct that generally accepted accounting principles continue to assign a zero cost to equity, there is opportunity cost associated with equity that needs to be considered. This cost is the opportunity available to utilize that capital in alternative ways.
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In general, the cost attributed to equity is the return expected by the equity markets on hospital equity. This can be observed by evaluating the equity prices of hospital companies whose equity is traded on public stock exchanges. Usually, the equity prices will imply cost of equity in the range of 10%–14%. Almost always, the cost of equity implied by hospital equity prices traded on public stock exchanges will substantially exceed the cost of long-term debt. Thus, while many hospital executives will view the cost of equity to be substantially less than the cost of debt (i.e., to be zero) in nearly all cases, the appropriate cost of equity will be substantially greater than the cost of debt.
Hospitals need to measure their weighted average cost of capital (WACC). WACC is the cost of long-term debt multiplied by the ratio of long-term debt to total capital plus the cost of equity multiplied by the ratio of equity to total capital (where total capital is the sum of long-term debt and equity).
WACC is then used as the basis for capital charges associated with all capital investments. Capital investments should be expected to generate positive returns after applying this capital charge based on the WACC. Capital investments that do not generate returns exceeding the WACC consume enterprise value; those that generate returns exceeding WACC increase enterprise value. Therefore, physician and hospital executives need to be rewarded for increasing enterprise value.
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Filed under: "Ask-an-Advisor", Accounting, Career Development, Funding Basics, Glossary Terms, Investing, Practice Management, Recommended Books, Sponsors, Taxation, Touring with Marcinko | Tagged: cost capital, david marcinko, Dr. David Marcinko, hospital accounting, hospitals, WACC, weighted average cost capital | Leave a comment »
By Staff Reporters
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Big Artificial Intelligence Spending Boosts Meta’s Cost Structure!
Meta [Facebook, FB] reported record Q1 revenue yesterday, but it was overshadowed by the billions the company is spending in its efforts to win the AI race and to try to make the metaverse happen. Investors were displeased with the company’s forecast that its spending will rise by $10 billion to support AI development, sending Meta’s stock price down 15% after hours.
Now, the metaverse is a vision of a virtual reality where people can socialize, work, play, and explore in immersive digital spaces.
But CEO Mark Zuckerberg urged them to keep the faith, saying, “We’ve historically seen a lot of volatility in our stock during this phase of our product playbook.”
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Filed under: "Advisors Only", "Ask-an-Advisor", Alerts Sign-Up, Financial Planning, Glossary Terms, Information Technology | Tagged: AI, artificial intelligence, Facebook, FB, HIT, IT, Mark Zuckerberg, Meta, metaverse, virtual reality | Leave a comment »
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Earth Day is an annual event on April 22nd to demonstrate support for environmental protection.
First held on April 22, 1970, it now includes a wide range of events coordinated globally by EARTHDAY.ORG (formerly Earth Day Network) including 1 billion people in more than 193 countries.[ The official theme for 2024 is “Planet vs. Plastics.” 2025 will be the 55th anniversary of Earth Day.
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Filed under: Breaking News, Ethics, Events-Planner, Glossary Terms, LifeStyle | Tagged: Earth Day, earth Day 2024, Earth Day Nixon, Nixon | 1 Comment »
By Eric Bricker MD
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Specificity versus Sensitivity: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2020/03/20/medical-laboratory-sensitivity-versus-specificity/
Correlation versus Causation: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2021/02/05/correlation-is-not-causation/?preview_id=239347&preview_nonce=a2cdc51424&preview=true
False Positives and Negatives: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2019/09/14/what-are-false-positive-and-false-negative-tests/
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Filed under: "Doctors Only", Drugs and Pharma, Ethics, Experts Invited, Glossary Terms, Health Economics, Videos | Tagged: causation, correlation, Eric Bricker MD, false negative, false positive, Sensitivity, specificity, statistics | Leave a comment »
By Staff Reporters
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If you need a reprieve to prevent the government from raiding your bank account, you’re not alone—the IRS expects 19 million people to file for an extension this year. The agency will automatically grant you a six-month extension, although it’s recommended you remit a payment by April 15th if you expect to owe money to avoid interest and penalties. The good news is you probably won’t have to fork over as much as Mark Cuban, who said he is sending the IRS $288 million today and is proud to pay his fair share.
CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/082610254
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The stock market is coming off its worst week of the year, and the road ahead is no less bumpy. A direct military confrontation between Iran and Israel has investors on edge about a wider regional war that threatens energy supplies. Amid the uncertainty, safe-haven assets are seeing major interest: The US dollar just had its best week in more than 18 months.
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Filed under: "Ask-an-Advisor", Accounting, Alerts Sign-Up, CMP Program, Funding Basics, Glossary Terms, Investing, LifeStyle, Taxation | Tagged: Iran, IRS, IRS Tax Extension, Israel, Mark Cuban, stock markets, tax, tax extension, tax season, US Dollar | Leave a comment »
By Rick Kahler MS CFP®
http://www.KahlerFinancial.com
Questions – from doctors – like these remind me that the workings of the financial services industry which I tend to take for granted but can be confusing to people outside the field.
The following analogy may help to explain.
Orchestra Analogy
Think of an orchestra. The investment adviser is the equivalent of the director/conductor and the money managers are the instrumentalists. Each one is a specialist who plays a particular type of instrument, and it takes a variety of these specialists to make up the orchestra.
Specialists
The broad specialties are the types of instruments, such as strings, brass, winds, and percussion. These are the equivalent of fund managers who specialize in asset classes like equities, bonds, real estate, commodities, and absolute returns.
Sub-Specialists
Within each specialty are a variety of subspecialists. Winds, for example, include clarinets, oboes, and saxophones—which are further divided into alto, soprano, tenor, and bass. The brass section has French horns, trumpets, and trombones. The divisions and sub-divisions go on and on. Similarly, within the various asset classes are a great many mutual fund managers who specialize in narrower subcategories.
Conductor
The task of the orchestra conductor-director is to pick, not just the best musicians, but the best mix of musicians. A group with only trumpets or every subspecialty of percussion, no matter how skilled, isn’t an orchestra. Before auditioning a single musician, the director’s first task is to clarify the purpose of the ensemble being created. A different mix of instruments will be required for a symphony, a marching band, an intimate chamber group, or a dance band. It all depends on what the audience wants.
The conductor-director needs to weigh the various musicians’ abilities against their cost and their specific specialties against the needs of the orchestra. When the right mix of players has been chosen, the director needs to pick the appropriate music, assemble the group, and rehearse. The director’s talent, experience, and leadership skills all serve to help the right players produce the right sound for their audiences.
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It takes similar coordination and skill to put together the right mix of asset classes and mutual fund managers to produce the best results for various clients, especially since there are some 17,000 mutual funds to choose from.
Fees
Just as both the orchestra director and the musicians are paid based on their skills and their work, both mutual fund managers and investment advisers are paid based on the assets they manage. Mutual fund managers earn 0.05% to 3.0%. Financial advisers earn 0.30% to 3.0%. An informed consumer could pay as low as 0.35% while an uninformed consumer could pay up to 6% a year, which would eat up most of the investment returns.
One essential responsibility for an adviser, then, is to choose mutual fund managers whose fees are low.
However, the cost of the mutual fund manager isn’t the be-all and end-all. One must also weigh performance, just as an orchestra director might pay more to get an outstanding musician who would add significant value to the performances.
Example:
For example, my firm’s overall average fee for mutual fund managers is 0.5%. We could get that as low as 0.1%, which might be impressive at first glance.
However, we would give up 0.25% to 1.00% of net return in some areas, resulting in poorer outcomes for the clients.
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Assessment
Skilled direction of an orchestra is obviously more art than science. Skilled coordination of mutual fund managers is the same. Both require knowledge, integrity, and commitment to the quality of the final product.
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Conclusion
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Speaker: If you need a moderator or speaker for an upcoming event, Dr. David E. Marcinko; MBA – Publisher-in-Chief of the Medical Executive-Post – is available for seminar or speaking engagements. Contact: MarcinkoAdvisors@msn.com
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Filed under: "Ask-an-Advisor", Accounting, Experts Invited, Financial Planning, Funding Basics, Glossary Terms, Investing | Tagged: Financial advisor fees, Investment Adviser, Mutual Fund Manager, rick kahler | 2 Comments »
[Publisher in Chief]
Physicians, administrators and healthcare entrepreneurs are aware of the compounding effect of interest. However, since interest is deductible as a medical office business expense, many seem to forget about it despite the fact that it must be continually paid until the asset is either purchased or otherwise disposed.
So, what are the various types of interest rates important to the medical practitioner and commodity – money?
[1] Simple Interest
Simple interest is merely the pro rata interest on a loan or deposit and represents the most basic interest rate type.
For example, for every $100 Dr. Bill borrows at 12 percent annual interest, he pays twelve dollars per year. The interest is calculated by multiplying the principal or original amount, by the interest rate in decimal form (100 x .12).
Add on interest immediately attaches the annual interest amount, to the principal amount, at the beginning of the payment period. Payments are then made according to the number of years required.
The following formula is useful:
Add-on-Interest minus Payment = Total Interest on Balance/Number of Payments
For example, if Dr. William Needy borrows $10,000 at 8 percent add-on interest, he will repay $10,000 plus $ 800 ($10,000 x 8%) or $10,800, divided by twelve months, for a total of $900 per month, since $ 900/month x 12 months equals $10,800.
When using the discounted interest method, the interest amount is deducted from the principal right up front. Notice that this is the opposite of add-on-interest that is applied up front.
For example, if Dr. Bill borrows the same $ 10,000 at a discounted interest rate of 8 percent, he will only receive a $9,200 loan, since $10,000 – $800 is $9,200.
Obviously, the discount method is the most expense way to borrow money.
Most financial institutions advertise an annual percentage rates (APR) for loans, deposits and investments. The APR is the periodic interest rate multiplied by the number of periods a year. If the APR is 12 percent, and interest is compounded monthly, you receive (or pay) 1 percent of your balance each month, and the balance shifts with each compounding.
For example, if Dr. Bill deposits $ 100 dollars at 12 percent APR compounded monthly, he receives $ 1 interest the first month (1% of $100), $1.10 the second month (1% of $101), and so forth. If compounding is daily, the interest accumulates at the rate of 1/365 of the APR each day.
Unless interest is compounded annually, the APR will be lower than the effective annual interest rate, discussed below.
It is important to differentiate between the effective interest rate and the APR, which is often the most prominent figure in advertisements for medical business equipment, consumer goods and financial services (loans, annuities, IRAs, CDs, investment analysis, college funding or retirement planning). Although the APR is the periodic interest rate multiplied by the number of periods per year, the effective annual interest rate is the periodic rate, compounded.
In our case, if the APR is 12 percent, compounded monthly, the monthly interest rate is 1 percent and the effective annual rate is the monthly rate compounded for 12 periods.
Therefore, if your calculation is for a single year, you can treat the effective rate as simple interest. If you deposit (or borrow) $1,000 at 12 percent APR, the effective rate is 12.68 percent, and interest for the first year is about $126.80 (12.68% of $1,000).
For longer periods, you can use the effective interest rate as the periodic interest rate, compounded annually.
The number of periods required to double a lump sum of money can be quickly estimated by using what is known as the “Rule of 72”. To get the number of periods, usually years, just divide 72 by the periodic interest rate, expressed as a whole number (not a decimal).
For example, if the annual interest rate is 10 percent, it will take about 7.2 years (72/10) to double any lump cache of money. Conversely, you can also calculate the interest rate required to double your money in a given period by dividing 72 by the term.
Thus, to double your money in ten years, you need to earn about 7.2 percent annual interest (72/10) = 7.2%).
According to this method, interest is front end loaded like a home mortgage, or office condominium, to discourage prepayment of a loan and consequently preserve the lender’s profit. In other words, it is a method of calculating installment loan interest rebates.
The number 78 comes from an approved method of accelerated tax depreciation, known as the “Sum of the Years Digits” (SOYD) method (i.e., 12 + 11 + 10 + 9 . . . = 78). This fact is important because, throughout the period of a loan, even though the payments are all the same, the portions that are interest and principal are very different.
Using this method for a one year loan shows that, in the first payment, 15.38 percent of the interest due is paid off, and by the sixth month, 73.08 percent of the interest is paid off. This means, that if a physician makes a one year equipment loan with a total interest charge of $ 100 and pays the loan off in full with the sixth payments, he or she will not get an interest rebate of $ 50, but only $ 26.92, since $ 73.08 of the interest has already been prepaid.
Most ethical lenders use simple interest rates for loan rebates, and the Rule of 78 is unfair according to many authorities.
A derivative of the Rule of 72 is the Rule of 116. This determines the number of years it takes for a principal amount to be tripled and is calculated by dividing the annual interest rate into 116.
The Rules of 72 and 78 are very handy for figuring the amount of interest payments made or growth of funds invested. They can also be used in reverse to calculate at what rate of interest money must be invested to double or triple in a certain number of years.
The payback period, expressed in years, is the length of time that it takes for the medical equipment investment to recoup its initial cost out of the cash receipts it generates. The basic premise is that the quicker the cost of an investment can be recovered, the better the investment is. It is most often used when considering equipment whose useful life is short and unpredictable.
When the same cash flow occurs every year, the formula is as follows:
Investment Required / Net Annual Cash Inflow = Payback Period
Thus, in today’s tightening medical reimbursement atmosphere, practice cost control and expense reduction is the easiest method to increase medical office profitability. Keeping the cost of the commodity money in the form of interest rate charges, as low as possible, will assist in this endeavor
Assessment
And so, how have these rules affected your medical office borrowing costs; if at all? Does these principles apply to the medical student loan crisis, today?
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Filed under: "Ask-an-Advisor", Accounting, Career Development, Financial Planning, Glossary Terms, Health Economics, Taxation, Touring with Marcinko | Tagged: 116, 72, 78, CPI, inclation, interest rates, Investing Basics, IRS, Marcinko, money commodity | 1 Comment »
Versus Di-Versification
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: The term “diworsification” was coined by legendary investor Peter Lynch in his book, One up on Wall Street, to describe the over-expansion of a company into new growth projects and businesses they do not fully understand and which do not align with the company’s core competencies.
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT: The term diworsification has since grown to also refer to over-diversifying an investment portfolio in such a way that it reduces the overall risk-return characteristics.
ORDER CITATION: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/0826102549
INVESTOPEDIA: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/diworsification.asp
READ: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2014/11/12/the-negative-short-term-implications-of-diversification/
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Filed under: Book Reviews, Glossary Terms, Investing | Tagged: asset allocation, diversification, Diworsification, Peter Lynch | Leave a comment »
By Bertalan Meskó, MD PhD
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What are you going to do 10-20 years from now? We toyed with the idea and came up with a list of healthcare jobs we think will be born in the coming decades. In case you want to become an organ designer or an end-of-life therapist. OR telesurgery VR planner.
And before you say I’m looking too far into the future, let me remind you that researchers are experimenting with a computer made of DNA-coated microbeads, with wireless charging of electronic implants, an Osaka hospital uses smart glasses to connect remote teams, while the FDA cleared an A.I. software automatically flagging cases of pneumothorax.
I hope you will find the newsletter useful!
Best regards,
Bertalan Meskó, MD PhD
The Medical Futurist
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Filed under: "Advisors Only", Career Development, Ethics, Experts Invited, Glossary Terms, Information Technology | Tagged: Bertalan Meskó, futuristic healthcare jobs, FUTURISTIC Medical Careers, medical futurist, microbeads, teleHealth, telesurgery | 1 Comment »
By Staff Reporters
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The Designated Medical Record Set [DMRS]: Contains medical and billing records and any other records that a physician, hospital, clinic and/or medical practice utilizes for making decisions about a patient; a hospital, emerging healthcare organization, or other healthcare organization. It serves to define which set of information comprises “protected health information” and which set does not; or contains medical or mixed billing records, and any other information that a physician and/or medical practice utilizes for making decisions about a patient.
It is up to the hospital or healthcare organization to define which set of information comprises “protected health information” and which does not though logically this should not differ from locale to locale. The patient has the right to know who in the lengthy data chain has seen their Protected Health Information. This sets up an audit challenge for the medical organization, especially if the accountability is programmed, and other examiners view the document without cause.
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Is Fee-for-Service a Public Health Threat?
This Video Contains Feedback from Doctors Who Are Against Doctors on Salary.
By Eric Bricker MD
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CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/0826102549
BUSINESS MEDICINE: https://www.amazon.com/Business-Medical-Practice-Transformational-Doctors/dp/0826105750/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&qid=1448163039&sr=8-9&keywords=david+marcinko
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DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLANS
By Staff Reporters
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DEFINITION
DRIPs are merely an automated strategy in which a company’s dividends are reinvested into additional shares of that company. Instead of being paid dividends in cash, you get additional shares of ownership in the company.
There are three ways to get involved in DRIPs: directly through the company, through your broker, or through a transfer agent.
Company-run DRIPs are generally only available through large, blue-chip dividend stocks.That’s because smaller companies don’t want to take on the overhead costs of tracking all their shareholders and going through the paperwork headache of calculating how much each one gets in dividends and additional fractional shares. The company benefits from gaining an additional source of capital, but most of all in creating a more stable base of shareholders, ones who are less likely to panic and sell during a market decline. This can help decrease the volatility of a company’s shares.
As a result, more and more companies are deciding to use transfer agents, which are third-party DRIP administrators such as American Stock Transfer and Trust or Computershare.
Finally, most large discount brokers, such as Scottrade, TD Ameritrade, and E*Trade, also offer DRIPs, though with different requirements and limitations.
CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/082610254
The Case Against DRIP Plans
While dividend reinvestment is powerful, there are a couple reasons why you might not want to reinvest your dividends.
DRIPs Drawback 1: You may need the dividend income
The most obvious reason is that you need the income. If you’re in the “distribution” phase of your investing life, dividends are a perfect source of passive income. Income from qualified dividends is taxed at the long-term capital gains rate (currently 15% for investors who are in the 25% to 35% tax bracket for ordinary income, 0% for taxpayers in a lower bracket and 20% for those in the highest bracket). So if you’re going to be looking to your portfolio for income every month anyway, it makes sense to have that cash deposited in your account.
DRIPs Drawback 2: You may need to reallocate your positions
You might also choose to stop reinvesting your dividends for allocation reasons. Reinvesting your dividends, through DRIP plans or otherwise, will cause your stock positions to grow over time, and if you’ve owned a particular issue for a long time, it may already be a large enough percentage of your portfolio. Higher-yielding positions will grow faster, which can throw your allocations out of whack pretty quickly. So once a stock position is as big as you want it to get (for now) feel free to turn off dividend reinvestment for that position, and either enjoy the extra income or save up the cash to invest in other stocks.
DRIPs Drawback 3: You may not want to buy that stock at that time
Finally, you may also have stock-specific reasons not to reinvest dividends—if a stock is temporarily overvalued, or you simply don’t want to buy any more of it at current prices.
But bottom line, reinvesting dividends through a broker or by signing up for DRIP plans directly through the dividend-paying companies, is a surprisingly powerful tool to passively improve your investment returns.
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NOTE: Former Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer is on pace to earn $1 billion in dividends annually from his massive 4% stake in the software company.
Other dividend billionaires include: https://www.dividend.com/dividend-education/14-executives-getting-rich-off-dividends/
So yes, DRIP plans are still worth it, as long as they fit with your investing goals.
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ON “PRUDENCE” IN FINANCE AND INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
Courtesy: http://www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org
TERMS & DEFINITIONS FOR PHYSICIANS AND ALL INVESTORS:
PRUDENT BUYER: The efficient purchaser of market balance between value and cost.
PRUDENT MAN RULE: An 1830 court case stating that a person in a fiduciary capacity (a trustee, executor, custodian, etc) must conduct him/herself faithfully and exercise sound judgment when investing monies under care. “He is to observe how men of prudence, discretion and intelligence manage their own affairs, not in regard to speculation, but in regard to the permanent distribution of their funds, considering the probable income as well as the probable safety of the capital to be invested.” Allows for mutual funds and variable annuities.
PRUDENT INVESTOR RULE: A fiduciary is required to conduct him/herself faithfully and exercise sound judgment when investing monies and take measured and reasonable investment risks in return for potential future rewards. Allows for mutual funds, stocks, bonds, variable annuities asset allocation & Modern Portfolio Theory.
CITATION: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/0826102549
UNIFORM PRUDENT INVESTOR ACT: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2011/02/18/the-uniform-prudent-investor-act-versus-fiduciary-accountability/
EDITOR’S NOTE: We interviewed noted authority Ben Aikin AIF® on this topic more than a decade ago. He was ahead of his time regarding fiduciary accountability and we appreciate his insights.
Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA CMP®
[Editor-in-Chief]
INTERVIEW: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2009/03/01/an-interview-with-bennett-aikin-aif/
FIDUCIARY OATH: http://www.thefiduciarystandard.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/fiduciaryoath_individual.pdf
SECOND OPINIONS: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/schedule-a-consultation/
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By Staff Reporters
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A stalking horse bid is an initial bid on the assets of a bankrupt company. The bankrupt company will choose an entity from a pool of bidders who will make the first bid on the firm’s remaining assets. The stalking horse sets the low-end bidding bar so that other bidders can’t underbid the purchase price.
CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource
The term “stalking horse” originates from a hunter trying to be concealed behind either a real or fake horse.
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On December 17th, 2023, after defaulting on a $617 million loan, Ebix, Inc of Atlanta Georgia, declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Then, Ebix Reaches “Stalking Horse” Sale Agreement for Life Insurance and Annuity Business with Zinnia to Ensure Successful Recapitalization Efforts in 2024.
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By Staff Reporters
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A cashier’s check is a check drawn from the bank’s own funds, not yours, and signed by a cashier or teller. Unlike a regular check, the bank, not the check writer, guarantees payment of a cashier’s check. A cashier’s check can also be called an official check.
A certified check is a personal check that the payer’s bank has certified to be legitimate and has earmarked the funds for the check. It’s a type of “official” payment. People often confuse certified checks with cashier’s checks. … Then, the bank prints a check against the funds they are holding.
A money order is a method of paying for something with cash using a check from a third party. You pay for the money order, and the third party issues you a check that you can give or send to someone. This person deposits the money order in their bank account or exchanges it for cash at a business or post office.
A bank draft is a negotiable instrument where payment is guaranteed by the issuing bank. Banks verify and withdraw funds from the requester’s account and deposit them into an internal account to cover the amount of the draft. A seller may require a bank draft when they have no relationship with the buyer.
CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/0826102549
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By Staff Reporters
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Markets: The stock market kicked off its short trading week down as some investors questioned the enthusiasm around the Fed’s recent assurances that it’s still planning three rate cuts this year.
But Digital World Acquisition Corporation roared as the shell company that’s merging with Donald Trump’s Truth Social and will begin trading under its new ticker, DJT, today.
Digital World Acquisition Corp. (Nasdaq: DWAC) is a special purpose acquisition company formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses.
SPACS: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2022/06/13/spac-v-direct-listing-v-ipo/
And, it popped after Trump got good news from a New York appeals court.
CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/082610254
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WHAT IS THE “LUXURY PRODUCT” ECONOMIC PARADOX?
By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA
Courtesy: http://www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org
The more expensive something is – the less likely you are to use it. This relationship between price and product utility is graphed as an “inverted U.”
CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/082610254
So, super car Ferraris sit in garages; but Fords get driven.
My own Jaguar touring sedan illustrates this paradox.
ESSAY: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2018/09/02/my-jaguar-mechanic-vs-doctor-story/
This theory may even be valid for services; as well as products?
THINK: Plastic and cosmetic surgery?
Assessment: Your thoughts and comments are appreciated.
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At the ME-P, we love to educate and learn. So, here they are in brief.
In the Beginning
St. Patrick’s Day started out as a religious feast holiday celebrating the life of St. Patrick, a Christian missionary from Britain who is credited with bringing Christianity to Ireland.
And Today
Now, it’s a hodgepodge of non-religious celebrations of Irish culture, folklore and superstition. Oh, and let’s not forget [responsible] drinking.
Assessment
At the very least, you’re supposed to wear green, the national color of Ireland. If you want to get more involved, you could join one of hundreds of parades nationwide. The largest St. Patrick’s Day parade in the world is in New York City, with 150,000 marchers in a typical year. Other popular activities involve dyeing things green … everything from pancakes and beer to the Chicago River and the White House fountain.
Source: Wikipedia
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Conclusion
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Speaker: If you need a moderator or speaker for an upcoming event, Dr. David E. Marcinko; MBA – Publisher-in-Chief of the Medical Executive-Post – is available for seminar or speaking engagements. Contact: MarcinkoAdvisors@msn.com
OUR OTHER PRINT BOOKS AND RELATED INFORMATION SOURCES:
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By Staff Reporters
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Zeno of Elea was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher of Magna Graecia and a member of the Eleatic School founded by Parmenides. Aristotle called him the inventor of the dialectic. He is best known for his paradoxes, which Bertrand Russell described as “immeasurably subtle and profound”
Now, Zeno’s paradoxes are a set of philosophical problems generally thought to have been devised to support Parmenides’ doctrine that contrary to the evidence of one’s senses, the belief in plurality and change is mistaken, and in particular that motion is nothing but an illusion.
CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/082610254
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READ: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno%27s_paradoxes
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By Staff Reporters
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Each Pi Day, we recall Akira Haraguchi, who in 2016 set the unofficial world record for reciting the most digits of pi: 100,000 over more than 16 hours. He did it by mentally linking each digit with a syllable and creating a collection of epic stories from the words those syllables formed.
CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource
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[By staff reporters]
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Spiked in 2023
By Staff Reporters
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Healthcare company bankruptcies spiked in 2023 amid high interest rates, rising labor and supply costs, and an uptick in denials from payers, according to a January report from healthcare restructuring firm Gibbins Advisors.
For example, Seventy-nine healthcare companies filed for bankruptcy in 2023—the highest number since 2019, which saw 51 bankruptcies, according to the report. The volume of bankruptcies last year was nearly 2x as high as 2022 and over 3x the level seen in 2021.
“We saw a dramatic increase in healthcare bankruptcy filings in 2023, continuing the trend which began in mid-2022,” Clare Moylan, co-founder and principal at Gibbins Advisors, said in a statement. “Key observations from 2023 are the return of large bankruptcy cases with over $100 million in liabilities, and a spike in hospital filings, both of which appear to primarily be a result of Covid-19 pandemic-related protections ending.”
CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource
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[By Staff Writers]
Of course, consumer directed healthcare trends and fee transparency increasingly mandate physician economic accountability, such as in the P4P initiatives, but CMS may also begin profiling physicians and targeting those it deems inefficient sometime next year, as well.
In May 2007, Herbert Kuhn, acting deputy administrator of CMS, told a House subcommittee that the agency will have the data and computer capacity available to do tracking as soon as mid-2008.
To monitor efficiency, CMS would compare levels of tests physicians order for certain types of patients to tests ordered by other doctors who achieve similar outcomes. The agency would then contact the physicians whose testing patterns seem to be out of line. No doubt, the effects on private pay-for-performance [P4P] initiatives is obvious. Kuhn told the subcommittee that his largest concern was figuring out how to use the data to help physicians grow more efficient.
Assessment
To date, the agency hasn’t established plans to link efficiency measures with reimbursement changes. If it wants to do so, Congress would probably have to enact new legislation, according to several policymakers.
Conclusion
Your thoughts and comments on this ME-P are appreciated. Feel free to review our top-left column, and top-right sidebar materials, links, URLs and related websites, too. Then, subscribe to the ME-P. It is fast, free and secure.
Speaker: If you need a moderator or speaker for an upcoming event, Dr. David E. Marcinko; MBA – Publisher-in-Chief of the Medical Executive-Post – is available for seminar or speaking engagements. Contact: MarcinkoAdvisors@msn.com
OUR OTHER PRINT BOOKS AND RELATED INFORMATION SOURCES:
HOSPITALS: http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466558731
CLINICS: http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781439879900
BLOG: www.MedicalExecutivePost.com
FINANCE: Financial Planning for Physicians and Advisors
INSURANCE: Risk Management and Insurance Strategies for Physicians and Advisors
Filed under: "Doctors Only", Accounting, Experts Invited, Glossary Terms, Health Economics, Health Insurance, Healthcare Finance | Tagged: CMS, Herbert Kuhn, P-4-P, pay for performance | 16 Comments »
OBTUSE METER?
By Staff Reporters
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What is Delta?
FINANCE: Delta is a risk sensitivity measure used in assessing derivatives. It is one of the many measures that are denoted by a Greek letter. The series of risk measures that use such letters are fittingly referred to as the Greeks. They are often also called risk measures, hedge parameters, or risk sensitivities.
ACCOUNTING: Delta is the ratio of the change in price of an option to the change in price of the underlying asset. Also called the hedge ratio; For a call option on a stock, a delta of 0.50 means that for every $1.00 that the stock goes up, the option price rises by $0.50.
STOCK MARKET: Where:
CITE: https://www.r2library.com/Resource/Title/082610254
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By Ann Miller RN MHA
[Executive-Director]
Abbreviations for 2024
Assessment
Feel free to send us your own new-wave abbreviations and terms.
MORE: Glossary Terms Ap 3
SOURCE: Jonas’ US Health Care System
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By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd
http://www.MARCINKOASSOCIATES.com
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Running a business involves a constant learning curve. And that applies whether you’re a rookie entrepreneur just starting out with a great idea for a new business or a more established small business owner with a quickly growing business that needs to expand. You should always be learning as a business owner, no matter where you are in your career—there’s always a new tool to master, new problems to solve, and new vocabulary to understand.
In order to not get totally overwhelmed, it’s helpful to take things one segment at a time. For instance, feeling confident when discussing the business’s financial needs should be a priority for every small business owner. After all, you represent the heart and soul of your business in the marketplace. So knowing the “language” of business finance is an integral part of your job as the owner.
The good news is that you don’t have to be an accountant or a financial planner to negotiate in the world of business finance. Here are some business terms and finance terms that will help you find your way to successful small business funding. https://www.youtube.com/embed/0kD4X2fgxGs
From accounting, to business loans, to general business financial operations, here’s the ultimate list to all the business finance terms and definitions you need to know:
Accounts payable is a business finance 101 term. This represents your small business’s obligations to pay debts owed to lenders, suppliers, and creditors. Sometimes referred to as A/P or AP for short, accounts payable can be short or long term depending upon the type of credit provided to the business by the lender.
Also known as A/R (or AR, good guess), accounts receivables is another business finance 101 term that means the money owed to your small business by others for goods or services rendered. These accounts are labeled as assets because they represent a legal obligation for the customer to pay you cash for their short-term debt.
The accrual basis of accounting is an accounting method of recording income when it’s actually earned and expenses when they actually occur. Accrual basis accounting is the most common approach used by larger businesses to record and maintain financial transactions.
A business finance term and definition referring to expenses that have been incurred but haven’t yet been recorded in the business books. Wages and payroll taxes are common examples.
This business finance key term is anything that has value—whether tangible or intangible—and is owned by the business is considered an asset. Typical items listed as business assets are cash on hand, accounts receivable, buildings, equipment, inventory, and anything else that can be turned into cash.
Along with three other reports relating to the financial health of your small business, the balance sheet is essential information that gives a “snapshot” of the company’s net worth at any given time. The report is a summary of the business assets and liabilities.
A method of accounting that involves the timely recording of all financial transactions for the business.
Refers to the overall wealth of a business as demonstrated by its cash accounts, assets, and investments. Often called “fixed capital,” it refers to the long-term worth of the business. Capital can be tangible, like durable goods, buildings, and equipment, or intangible such as intellectual property.
Not to be confused with fixed capital, working capital is another business finance 101 term. It consists of the financial resources necessary for maintaining the day-to-day operation of the business. Working capital, by definition, is the business’s cash on hand or instruments that you can convert to cash quickly.
Every business needs cash to operate. The business finance term and definition cash flow refers to the amount of operating cash that “flows” through the business and affects the business’s liquidity. Cash flow reports reflect activity for a specified period of time, usually one accounting period or one month. Maintaining tight control of cash flow is especially important if your small business is new, since ready cash can be limited until the business begins to grow and produce more working capital.
Future business decisions will depend on your educated cash flow projections. To plan ahead for upcoming expenditures and working capital, you need to depend on previous cash flow patterns. These patterns will give you a comprehensive look at how and when you receive and spend your cash. This info is the key to unlock informed, accurate cash flow projections.
The value of any asset can be said to depreciate when it loses some of that value in increments over time. Depreciation occurs due to wear and tear. Various methods of depreciation are used by businesses to decrease the recorded value of assets.
A tangible, long-term asset used for the business and not expected to be sold or otherwise converted into cash during the current or upcoming fiscal year is called a fixed asset. Fixed assets are items like furniture, computer equipment, equipment, and real estate.
This business finance term and definition can be calculated as total sales (income) less the costs (expenses) directly related to those sales. Raw materials, manufacturing expenses, labor costs, marketing, and transportation of goods are all included in expenses.
Here is one of the four most important reports lenders and investors want to see when evaluating the viability of your small business. It is also called a profit and loss statement, and it addresses the business’s bottom line, reporting how much the business has earned and spent over a given period of time. The result will be either a net gain or a net loss.
A business asset that is non-physical is considered intangible. These assets can be items like patents, goodwill, and intellectual property.
This business finance key term is a legal obligation to repay or otherwise settle a debt. Liabilities are considered either current (payable within one year or less) or long-term (payable after one year) and are listed on a business’s balance sheet. A business’s accounts payable, wages, taxes, and accrued expenses are all considered liabilities.
Liquidity is an indicator of how quickly an asset can be turned into cash for full market value. The more liquid your assets, the more financial flexibility you have.
See “Income Statement” above.
One of the important documents required by lenders and investors that shows a summary of the actual collection of revenue and payment of expenses for your business. The statement of cash flow should reflect activity in the areas of operating, investing, and financing and should be an integral part of your financial statement package.
If you have chosen to fund your small business with equity financing and you have established shares and shareholders as part of the controlling interests, you are obligated to provide a financial report that shows changes in the equity section of your balance sheet.
The business finance term and definition APR represents the yearly real cost of a loan including all interest and fees. The total amount of interest to be paid is based on the original amount loaned, or the principal, and is represented in percentage form. When shopping for the right loan for your small business, you should know the APR for the loan in question. This figure can be very helpful in comparing one financial tool with another since it represents the actual cost of borrowing.
Just like your real estate appraisal when buying a house, an appraisal is a professional opinion of market value. When closing a loan for your small business, you will probably need one or more of the three types of appraisals: real estate, equipment, and business value.
A loan that is structured so that the small business owner makes regular repayments on a predetermined schedule and one much larger payment, or balloon payment, at the end. These can be attractive to new businesses because the payments are smaller at the outset when the business is more likely to be facing strict financial constraints. However, be sure that your business will be capable of making that last balloon payment since it will be a large one.
This federal law is used as a tool for businesses or individuals who are having severe financial challenges. It provides a plan for reduction and repayment of debts over time or an opportunity to completely eliminate the majority of the outstanding debts. Turning to bankruptcy should be given careful thought because it will have a negative effect on the business credit score.
Using your own money to finance the start-up and growth of your small business. Think of it as being your own investor. Once the business is up and running successfully, the business finance term and definition bootstrapping refers to the use of profits earned to reinvest in the business.
Just like you have a personal credit report that lenders look at to determine risk factors for making personal loans, businesses also generate credit reports. These are maintained by credit bureaus that record information about a business’s financial history.
Items like how large the company is, how long has it been in business, amount and type of credit issued to the business, how credit has been managed, and any legal filings (i.e., bankruptcy) are all questions addressed by the business credit report. Lenders, investors, and insurance companies use these reports to evaluate risk exposure and financial health of a business.
A business credit score is calculated based on the information found in the business credit report. Using a specialized algorithm, business credit scoring companies take into account all the information found on your credit report and give your small business a credit score. Also called a commercial credit score, this number is used by various lenders and suppliers to evaluate your creditworthiness.
Any asset that you pledge as security for a loan instrument is called collateral. Lenders often require collateral as a way to make sure they won’t lose money if your business defaults on the loan. When you pledge an asset for collateral, it becomes subject to seizure by the lender if you fail to meet the requirements of the loan documents.
When a lender offers a business line of credit it usually comes with a credit limit, or a maximum amount that you can use at any given time. It is said that you reach your credit limit or “max out” your credit when you borrow up to or exceed that number. A business line of credit can be especially useful if your business is seasonal or if the income is extremely unpredictable. It is one of the fastest ways to access cash for emergencies.
If your small business has several loans with various payments, you might want to consider a business debt consolidation loan. It is a process that lets you combine multiple loans into a single loan. The advantages are possibly reducing the interest rates on the borrowed funds as well as lowering the total amount you repay each month. Businesses use this tool to help improve cash flow.
The business finance term and definition debt service coverage ratio (DSCR) is the ratio of cash your small business has available for paying or servicing its debt. Debt payments include making principal and interest payments on the loan you are requesting. Generally speaking, if your DSCR is above 1, your business has enough income to meet its debt requirements.
When you borrow money from a lender and agree to repay the principal with interest in regular payments for a specified period of time, you’re using debt financing. Traditionally, it has been the most common form of funding for small businesses.
Debt financing can include borrowing from banks, business credit cards, lines of credit, personal loans, merchant cash advances, and invoice financing. This method creates a debt that must be repaid but lets you maintain sole control of your business.
The act of using investor funds in exchange for a piece or ”share” of your business is another way to raise capital. These funds can come from friends, family, angel investors, or venture capitalists.
Before deciding to use equity financing to raise the cash necessary for your business, decide how much control you are willing to share when it comes to decision-making and philosophy. Some investors will also want voting rights.
A FICO score is another type of credit score used by potential lenders for evaluating the wisdom of entering a contract with you and your business. FICO scores comprise a substantial part of the credit report that lenders use to assess credit risk. It was created by the Fair Isaac Corporation, hence the name FICO.
An integral part of the loan application process is furnishing information that shows your business is a good credit risk. The standard financial statement packet includes four main reports: the income statement, the balance sheet, the statement of cash flow, and the statement of shareholders’ equity, if you have shareholders.
Lenders and investors want to see that your business is well-balanced with assets and liabilities, has positive cash flow, and will have capital to make expected repayments.
The interest rate on a loan that is established in the beginning and does not change for the lifetime of the loan is said to be fixed. Loans with fixed interest rates are appealing to small business owners because the repayment amounts are consistent and easier to budget for in the future.
In contrast to the business finance term and definition fixed rate, the floating interest rate will change with market fluctuations. Also referred to as variable rates or adjustable rates, these amounts may often start out lower than the fixed rate percentages. This makes them more appealing in the short term if the market is trending down.
When starting a new small business, lenders might want you to provide a guarantor. This is an individual who guarantees to cover the balance owed on a debt if you or your business cannot meet the repayment obligation.
All loans and other lending instruments are assigned the business finance key term interest rates. This is a percentage of the principal amount charged by the lender for the use of its money. Interest rates represent the current cost of borrowing.
If your business has a significant amount of open invoices outstanding, you may contact a factoring company and have them purchase the invoices at a discount. By raising capital this way, there is no debt, and the factoring company assumes the financial responsibility for collecting the invoice debts.
This business finance term and definition is a creditor’s legal claim to the collateral pledged as security for a loan is called a lien.
A lender may offer you an unsecured amount of funds available for your business to draw on when capital is needed. This line of credit is considered a short-term funding option, with a maximum amount available. This pre-approved pool of money is appealing because it gives you quick access to the cash.
The LTV comparison is a ratio of the fair-market value of an asset compared to the amount of the loan that will fund it. This is another important number for lenders who need to know if the value of the asset will cover the loan repayment if your business defaults and fails to pay.
Any loan product with a total repayment schedule lasting longer than one year is considered a long-term debt.
A merchant may offer a funding method through a loan based on the business’s monthly sales volume. Repayment is made with a percentage of the daily or weekly sales. These tend to be short-term loans and are one of the costliest ways to fund your small business.
Microloans are loans made through nonprofit, community-based organizations and they are most often for amounts under $50,000.
If you’re seeking financing for a very new business and don’t have a high value asset to offer as collateral, you may be asked by the lender to sign a statement of personal guarantee. In effect, this statement affirms that you as an individual will act as guarantor for the business’s debt, making you personally liable for the balance of the loan even in the event that your business fails.
Any loan instrument is made of three parts—the principal, the interest, and the fees. The principal is a business finance key term and is the original amount that is borrowed or the outstanding balance to be repaid less interest. It is used to calculate the total interest and fees charged.
This business finance term and definition is a funding option is similar to a standard line of credit. However, the agreement is to lend a specific amount of money, and once that sum is repaid, it can be borrowed again.
Many lenders will require some form of security when loaning money. When this happens, this business finance term and definition is a secured loan. The asset being used as collateral for the loan is said to be “securing” the loan. In the event that your small business defaults on the loan, the lender can then claim the collateral and use its fair-market value to offset the unpaid balance.
These are debt financing tools used to raise needed funds for your small business. Term loans provide the business with a lump sum of cash up front in exchange for a promise to repay the principal and interest at specified intervals over a set period of time. These are typically longer term, one-time loans for start-up expenses or costs for established business expansion.
Loans that are not backed by collateral are called unsecured loans. These types of loans represent a higher risk for the lender, so you can expect to pay higher interest rates and have shorter repayment time frames. Credit cards are an excellent example of unsecured loans that are a good option for small business funding when combined with other financing options.
This is legal documentation of the business’s creation, including name, type of business, and type of business structure or incorporation. This paperwork is one of the first tasks you will complete when you officially start your business. Once submitted, your articles of incorporation are kept on file with the appropriate governmental agencies.
Here is your tool for demonstrating how you want to establish your small business and how you plan to grow it into good financial health. When writing a business plan, it should include financial, operational, and marketing goals as well as how you plan to get there. The more specific you are with your business plan, the better prepared you will be in the long run.
In order to be more easily identified by the Internal Revenue Service, every business entity is assigned a unique number called an EIN. When you start your small business, an EIN will be assigned and mailed to the business address. This number never changes, and you will be asked to furnish it for many reasons.
For a small business entrepreneur, entering into a franchise agreement with a larger company can be a way to enter the marketplace. The agreement made between you and the larger company gives you the right to operate as a satellite of the larger company in a certain territory for a given period of time. This lets you, the business owner, take advantage of a brand name that’s already familiar in the marketplace and a process or operation that has already been tested.
This business finance term and definition is an expression of your business’s total value, as determined by your total current assets less the total liabilities currently owed by the business. With your business’s most recent balance sheet in hand, you can calculate the net worth using a simple formula: Assets – Liabilities = Net Worth.
Just like it sounds, this term represents any profits earned that are retained in the business. This can also be referred to as bootstrapping.
If your business fails to pay taxes owed to the designated government entity, namely the IRS, you may find your assets seized by the claim of a tax lien. The government can not only seize your assets for liquidation to resolve the tax debt, but they can also charge you penalties on the amount you owe.
As a small business owner, physicians are required to wear many different hats—often including that of chief financial officer or bookkeeper. Before you let yourself get intimidated by all the business terms and definitions, just remember that knowledge is power.
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You can serve your small practice business, clinic, out-patient center or hospital most effectively by becoming familiar with terms used in business and finance and how they will affect your financial health. Armed with a basic understanding of business finance key terms, you will be prepared to face the financial challenges that go along with being a modern doctor, today!
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BY DR. DAVID E. MARCINKO MBA
http://www.MARCINKOASSOCIATES.com
Designated a Doody’s Core Title!
“”Medical economics and finance is an integral component of the health care industrial complex. Its language is a diverse and broad-based concept covering many other industries: accounting, insurance, mathematics and statistics, public health, provider recruitment and retention, Medicare, health policy, forecasting, aging and long-term care, are all commingled arenas.
The Dictionary of Health Economics and Finance will be an essential tool for doctors, nurses and clinicians, benefits managers, executives and health care administrators, as well as graduate students and patients? With more than 5,000 definitions, 3,000 abbreviations and acronyms, and a 2,000 item oeuvre of resources, readings, and nomenclature derivatives? it covers the financial and economics language of every health care industry sector.””
– From the Preface by David Edward Marcinko “
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A stock buyback is when a public company uses cash to buy shares of its own stock on the open market. A company may do this to return money to shareholders that it doesn’t need to fund operations and other investments
Share buybacks can create value for investors in a few ways: Repurchases return cash to shareholders who want to exit the investment. With a buyback, the company can increase earnings per share, all else equal. The same earnings pie cut into fewer slices is worth a greater share of the earnings.
A stock buyback typically means that the price of the remaining outstanding shares increases. This is simple supply-and-demand economics: there are fewer outstanding shares, but the value of the company has not changed, therefore each share is worth more, so the price goes up.
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But, the practice has faced criticism from labor unions, the SEC, and even President Biden, who proposed stricter stock buyback regulations for company execs last week.
Nevertheless,
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The FOMC just held interest rates steady and interest rates probably won’t go down in March.
Most investors were expecting the Federal Reserve to finally start cutting interest rates at its next meeting in March, but after its latest meeting concluded yesterday, Jerome Powell splashed cold water on that idea.
Speaking during a press conference, Powell explained that he doesn’t think it’s likely that the Federal Reserve will have reached “a level of confidence” that inflation has come down enough to start slashing rates that soon.
However, he at least said cuts were likely coming sometime this year. And, the markets crashed. Technology stocks in particular had a rough one, giving the NASDAQ its worst day since October.
And, NY Community Bancorp—which scooped up most of failed Signature Bank’s assets last year—tanked after reporting a surprise loss for Q4, spurring fears of another regional banking crisis.
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Theranos founder and ex-CEO Elizabeth Holmes was just banned from US federal health care programs for nine decades, according to the US the health department. Holmes was sentenced in November 2022 to 11 years in prison following a trial that determined she knew her blood-testing startup, which was founded in 2003 and which claimed to be able to test for a range of diseases and risks with one finger prick, produced inaccurate and faulty results. Before government probes, Theranos raised hundreds of millions of dollars, named prominent former U.S. officials to its board, and explored a partnership with the U.S. military to use its tests on the battlefield.
So, just what is a Federal Health Care Program?
Federal Health Care Program means any plan or program that provides health benefits, whether directly, through insurance, or otherwise, which is funded directly, in whole or in part, by the United States Government, including, but not limited to, Medicare, Medicaid/MediCal, managed Medicare/Medicaid/MediCal, TriCare/VA/CHAMPUS, SCHIP, Federal Employees Health Benefit Plan, Indian Health Services, Health Services for Peace Corp Volunteers, Railroad Retirement Benefits Black Lung Program, Services Provided to Federal Prisoners, and Pre- Existing Condition Insurance Plans (PCIPs).
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States that have long pushed the FDA to allow drug importation from Canada touted the move as a major step forward in their efforts to lower prescription drug spending and rein in healthcare costs. But while the idea of importing drugs from Canada is new for states, some businesses have been using existing drug import pathways to help consumers save money on certain high-cost medications.
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More than 20 million US residents—a record number, according to the Biden administration—have signed up for health insurance through the Affordable Care Act’s marketplaces. (the New York Times)
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Here’s where the major benchmarks ended:
Stocks were a mixed bag yesterday as investors pored over the first big earnings reports and new data showing that wholesale prices surprisingly went down in December. Airlines took a hit after Delta beat earning expectations but lowered its profit forecast.
Retailers and consumer discretionary shares were among the market’s weakest performers Friday, and regional banks were also under pressure. The KBW Regional Banking Index (KRX) fell 2% for the week and ended at a one-month low. Energy shares led gainers behind strength in crude oil futures. The small-cap-focused Russell 2000® Index (RUT) ended little-changed for the week but is still down 3.8% so far this year.
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JPMorgan Chase’s profit fell in the fourth quarter as the lender set aside nearly $3 billion to help refill a government deposit insurance fund. JPMorgan and several major banks are required to pay a bulk of the $16 billion to replenish the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s deposit insurance fund (DIF), which was drained after Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank failed last year.
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Bank of America’s fourth-quarter profit shrank as the lender took $3.7 billion in combined charges to refill a government deposit insurance fund and phase out a loan index. Its net interest income (NII) – the difference between what banks earn from loans and pay to depositors – fell 5% to $13.9 billion as the company spent more to keep customer deposits and demand for loans stayed subdued amid high interest rates.
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Wells Fargo press release (NYSE:WFC): Q4 Non-GAAP EPS of $1.29 beats by $0.20. Revenue of $20.48B (+2.2% Y/Y) beats by $100M. Shares -1% PM. Fourth quarter 2023 results included: ◦ $(1.9) billion, or ($0.40) per share, of expense from an FDIC special assessment ◦ $(969) million, or ($0.20) per share, of severance expense for planned actions ◦ $621 million or $0.17 per share, of discrete tax benefits related to the resolution of prior period tax matters ◦ Provision for credit losses in fourth quarter 2023 included an increase in the allowance for credit losses driven by credit card and commercial real estate loans, partially offset by a lower allowance for auto loans. The change in allowance for credit losses also included higher net loan charge-offs for commercial real estate office and credit card loans
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Citigroup (C) is in the middle of a complicated restructuring. It made it clear Wednesday that its fourth quarter earnings report Friday will be complicated, too.
The giant New York-based bank said in a regulatory document it will take more than $3 billion in one-time reserves and expenses as part of those fourth quarter results. They include everything from a $1.3 billion reserve build for currency exposure in Argentina and Russia to $780 million in charges related to severance costs and other aspects of a wide-ranging restructuring of the bank led by CEO Jane Fraser.
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BY DR. DAVID E. MARCINKO MBA CMP®
SPONSOR: http://www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org
SAMPLE NEW PHYSICIAN LETTER OF EMPLOYMENT INTENT
Dear Dr. [Name of Physician]
On behalf of [Name of medical practice or clinic] (hereinafter called the “practice”), this letter sets out a proposed agreement for your initial employment in Dr. [Name of physician]’s medical practice. After both you and Dr. [Name of physician] have agreed upon all issues related to your employment, a formal physician employment agreement will be prepared for your review and signature.
1. Term: You will be an employee of the practice for an initial [Duration]-month period starting [Month, Date, Year]. Should you and the practice want to proceed past this initial employment period, an offer of co-ownership may be made to you as described in item nine below.
Your employment with the practice will essentially be “at will,” since you or the practice may voluntarily terminate it at any time upon 30 days’ written notice to the other. However, the following are conditions under which the practice may terminate your employment immediately: (a) upon your death or disability for three (3) consecutive months; (b) upon the suspension, revocation, or cancellation of your right to practice medicine in the State of [State]; (c) if you should lose privileges at any hospital at which the practice regularly maintains admission privileges; (d) should you fail or refuse to follow reasonable policies and directives established by the practice; (e) should you commit an act amounting to gross negligence or willful misconduct to the detriment of the practice or its patients; (f) if you are convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude, including fraud, theft, or embezzlement; and (g) if you breach any of the terms of your employment contract.
2. Compensation: Your salary for the initial 12-month period will be $[dollar value] and $[dollar value] in the second 12-month period, each year payable in monthly installments. You will also be entitled to an incentive bonus calculated as follows: [Percentage] % of your collected production when such collections exceeds $[dollar value] in the first year and $[dollar value] in the second year. The bonus each year will be calculated and paid on a semiannual basis. You will also be entitled to receive a one-time signing bonus of $[dollar value] if you sign your employment contract before [Month, Date, Year].
A portion of your compensation may be paid for by proceeds received from [Name of hospital] under the terms and conditions of a hospital recruitment agreement. The parties to this agreement will be the hospital and the practice only. However, forgiveness of any advances made by the hospital will be directly contingent upon the length of time you remain with the practice. Therefore, should your employment terminate for any reason, the practice will require you to repay to it any amounts the practice repays the hospital, in no matter what form, per the terms and conditions in the hospital recruitment agreement. [Note: Use this if the practice signs a hospital recruitment agreement with the hospital.]
3. Benefits: In addition to your base compensation and incentive bonus, the practice will pay for the following: (a) health insurance, (b) malpractice insurance, (c) continuing medical education (CME) costs, (d) medical license fee, (e) board certification exam fee, (f) reasonable cellular phone costs, and (g) a pager. You will also be entitled to a moving cost allowance for relocating to [Location.] You will be entitled to two weeks of paid vacation, 10 working days as paid sick leave, and four days paid time off for CME or the board certification exam.
4. Disability Leave: In case of absence because of your illness or injury, your base salary will continue for a period not exceeding 30 days per calendar year, plus any unused vacation time and sick leave. You will be entitled to any incentive bonus payments that may be due to you as collections are received on your prior production. Absence in excess of 30 days would be without pay. Unused sick leave cannot be carried over to succeeding years, nor will it be paid for at any time.
5. Exclusive Employment: As an employee, you will be involved full-time in the practice and you may not take any outside employment during the term of your employment agreement without the practice’s written approval. However, you will be entitled to keep compensation from honorariums, royalties, and copyrights if approved by the practice in writing. If the practice does not give approval, then the income from such activities shall remain the property of the practice.
6. Termination Compensation: Should your employment terminate for any reason, you will be entitled to accrued but unpaid base compensation, earned but unpaid incentive bonus, and unused vacation leave.
7. Non-Solicitation: During the course of your employment, the practice will introduce and make available to you its contacts and referring physician relationships, ongoing patient flow, general hospital sources, business and professional relationships, and the like. Since you have not been in private practice in the area previously, you acknowledge that you currently have no established patients following you. If there should be a termination, the practice will not restrict your ability to practice medicine in the area; however, it will require you to enter into a nonsolicitation agreement in which you agree not to solicit the employees of the practice nor its patients to follow you into your new medical practice. [Note: Insert Covenant Not to Compete here, if applicable.]
8. Employee-Only Status: During the term of your employment, you will not be required to contribute any money toward the practice’s equipment or operations, but likewise your work will give you no financial interest in the assets of the practice. However, the practice intends to offer you the opportunity to buy into the ownership of the practice as set forth in item 9 below.
9. Ownership Opportunity: At the end of your employment period, the practice will evaluate your relationship and may offer you the opportunity to become a co-owner in the practice (or enter into an office-sharing relationship). This offer is not mandatory and is at the total discretion of the practice. Should an offer not be tendered for some reason, the practice will wait until the end of your next 12-month employment period to decide whether to tender an offer of co-ownership. If an offer of co-ownership is made, Dr. [Name of physician] will discuss with you the following: (a) what percentage of the practice you will be allowed to acquire, (b) how best to value such interest, and (c) how you will pay for the acquisition of such interest. The practice hopes to achieve mutually agreeable solutions to these ownership issues.
We hope this offer meets with your approval. If so, please contact Dr. [Name of physician] as soon as possible. This letter is not intended to be a legally binding agreement; it is, rather, a tool to be used to prepare your formal physician employment agreement. If you should have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact myself or Dr. [Name of physician] at your convenience.
Sincerely,
Atlantic Physicians Group
MEDICAL GROUP PRACTICE, LLC
Lantana FLA
ASSESSMENT: Your thoughts are appreciated.
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Here is where the major benchmarks ended:
Nathan Peterson, director of derivatives analysis at the Schwab Center for Financial Research, noted that technology was one of few sectors to buck Thursday’s market weakness, as so-called mega-caps including Nvidia (NVDA) and Microsoft (MSFT) notched new record highs. Also, Amazon (AMZN), Google parent Alphabet (GOOGL), and Netflix (NFLX) each posted new 52-week highs, illustrating continued investor rotation back into that sector.
In other markets, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) approved exchange-traded funds (ETF) linked to the spot bitcoin market late Wednesday. The spot market, also known as the cash market, refers to forums where commodities, securities, and other assets can be immediately exchanged between buyers and sellers. The move opens up a new crypto inroad for investors who might otherwise not want to hold actual bitcoin and looks like a potential bellwether event for individual investors and crypto itself. ETFs linked to spot bitcoin began trading today.
Bitcoin prices have nearly tripled since the start of 2023, reaching $47,000 earlier this month, partly reflecting anticipation of the SEC decision and amid hopes of easing interest rate policy.
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Inflation climbed from 3.1% to 3.4% in December, a sign the Federal Reserve will continue to have to wrestle consumer price growth down to its desired 2% level. Forecasts had been for a reading of 3.2%.
On a monthly basis, inflation hit 0.3%, while core inflation, which strips away the more volatile costs of food and energy, was 3.9%, down from 4% in November but ahead of forecasts for a reading of 3.8%.
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The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) officially approved spot bitcoin ETFs yesterday for the first time. The 11 exchange-traded funds will let old-school investors and bitcoin enthusiasts alike access the world’s biggest cryptocurrency without having to keep a long password for a crypto wallet.
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The long-awaited win for the beleaguered crypto industry came after a false start on Tuesday, when someone hacked the agency’s X account that…didn’t have two-factor authentication enabled…and spuriously said the ETFs had been approved.
Crypto investors have been asking for spot bitcoin ETFs since roughly 2013, but the SEC has historically grimaced at the idea of inviting such a volatile asset into the financial system, concerned that a bitcoin ETF could be easily manipulated. Trading could begin as early as today.
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Investors are a day away from an inflation report that may offer some direction in a young year that has seen markets meander, with a brief sell-off and a partial rally back. More action may come as Wall Street banks kick off earnings season on Friday.
Here is where the major benchmarks ended:
Among market sectors, the S&P 500 Communication Services Index (SP500#50), which includes “mega-cap” tech companies like Google parent Alphabet (GOOGL) and Facebook parent Meta Platforms (META), gained 1.2% and ended near a two-year high. Consumer discretionary shares were also firm. Energy stocks were one of the weakest performers behind a 1.3% drop in crude oil futures.
Peterson noted strength in tech shares may in part reflect news from this week’s Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, with escalating bullishness surrounding artificial intelligence (AI) driving further gains in Nvidia (NVDA) and other chip companies capable of serving the most advanced forms of AI. Nvidia has jumped more than 10% so far this week and posted a record high for the third straight day.
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By Dr. David Edward Marciniko MBA CMP™
SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com
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DEFINITION: According to the Food and Drug Administration [FDA], the broad scope of digital health includes categories such as mobile health (mHealth), health information technology (IT), wearable devices, tele-health and tele-medicine, and personalized medicine. From mobile medical apps and software that support the clinical decisions doctors make every day to artificial intelligence and machine learning, digital technology has been driving a revolution in health care. Digital health tools have the vast potential to improve our ability to accurately diagnose and treat disease and to enhance the delivery of health care for the individual. Digital health technologies use computing platforms, connectivity, software, and sensors for health care and related uses. These technologies span a wide range of uses, from applications in general wellness to applications as a medical device. They include technologies intended for use as a medical product, in a medical product, as companion diagnostics, or as an adjunct to other medical products (devices, drugs, and biologics). They may also be used to develop or study medical products.
Cite: http://tinyurl.com/2jbafuc7
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As many investors predicted, digital health funding took a dive in 2023, according to Rock Health’s year-end funding report. Startups got creative to stay afloat but many digital health founders will have to “face the music” in 2024, the VC firm’s analysts say.
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Editor’s Note: I am on the Advisory Board of Medblob™a start-up based in Boston, MA. The digital mission of Medblob™ is to improve community and national health by allowing patients to better manage their health, providers to better treat their patients, and researchers to have the best information to discover cures to the most prevalent and pernicious diseases.
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Here is where the major benchmarks ended:
Bond yields and stock prices often move inversely to each other, in part because higher interest rates on virtually risk-free bonds lower the premium investors can expect from riskier assets like stocks, making it less appealing to buy equities. Last week, the 10-year Treasury yield briefly increased to 4.10%, near a three-week high, before dropping back near 4% Monday.
Semiconductors shares were among the strongest performers, helped by a surge of 6.4% in Nvdia Corp. (NVDA), the top 2023 performer in the S&P 500 with a gain of 239%. Small-cap stocks were also firm as were consumer discretionary and communication services. The Russell 2000® Index (RUT) gained 1.9% to partly climb back from last week’s 3.7% drop.
Energy shares were soft because crude oil futures sank nearly 4% following reports Saudi Arabia lowered its prices.
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| The Markets as of 10:00am ET. Here’s what these numbers mean. |
| Markets: One week into 2024, stocks and bonds are off to their worst start in 21 years as investors maybe got a bit ahead of their skis in anticipating Fed rate cuts. This week, Wall Street will be focused on fresh inflation data and the beginning of Q4 earnings season. |
Bitcoin ETF cleared for launch? The first spot bitcoin ETF—could be approved by regulators this week in what would be a watershed moment for Wall Street’s embrace of digital tokens. The hype around these proposed funds, which would allow regular investors to gain exposure to bitcoin without buying it directly, drove bitcoin’s price up 162% over the past year.
Here is where the major benchmarks ended:
The small-cap focused Russell 2000 Index (RUT), which has lagged large-cap benchmarks for most of the year, jumped more than 5% Tuesday. Small-caps are often seen as being more exposed to the economic cycle and had suffered because of concerns that high interest rates could push the economy into recession.
Other interest rate-sensitive sectors, such as real estate, materials, and utilities, also saw outsize gains.
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Markets: Stocks climbed a bit on Friday as investors took in the news that the US added more jobs than expected in December, capping off an epic 2023 for the labor market. But it wasn’t a bright start to the year, as all three major averages broke a nine-week winning streak. Stock spotlight: The country’s largest hospital landlord, Medical Properties Trust, tanked after revealing that its biggest tenant was $50 million behind on rent.
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Yesterday, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Florida’s request to import bargain medications from the country. It’s the first state to get permission from the agency to bring in medications from Canada under a law Congress passed 20 years ago to help Americans pay less for drugs. Florida officials say ordering cheaper drugs for conditions like HIV and diabetes from Canadian wholesalers will save Medicaid and other state programs $150 million over the first year.
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Older Americans say they feel trapped in Medicare Advantage plans.
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DEFINITION: A stock dividend is a payment to shareholders that consists of additional shares rather than cash. The distributions are paid in fractions per existing share. For example, if a company issues a stock dividend of 5%, it will pay 0.05 shares for every share owned by a shareholder. The owner of 100 shares would get five additional shares.
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Stat: 3.9%. That’s Walgreens’s new dividend yield after the pharmacy chain cut its quarterly dividend of 7.0%. The company said that it was using the money to “strengthen [its] long-term balance sheet and cash position.” Walgreens stock fell 11% the day after the announcement. (CNBC)
Here is where the major benchmarks ended:
Consumer staples and real estate ranked among the market’s weakest performers Friday, and technology shares remained under pressure with tech bellwether Apple (AAPL) extending this week’s nearly-6% slide and ending near a two-month low. Financial shares were one of the stronger sectors with the Philadelphia KBW Bank Index (BKX) rising 1.6% to a 10-month high. Small-cap stocks remained in the red with the Russell 2000® Index (RUT) ending the week down 3.7%.
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Here’s where the major benchmarks ended:
Oilfield services and consumer discretionary shares were also among the market’s weakest performers Thursday. Banking and health care were among the strongest sectors, illustrating renewed investor interest in stocks that lagged the broader market last year.
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And, Eli Lilly is poised to sell medicine directly to consumers — with an emphasis on newly popular weight-loss drugs — in a move toward cutting out the controversial middle players in drug distribution.
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Today the Earth is the closest it can get to the sun, a point in orbit known as perihelion, which happens every year two weeks after the December solstice.
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Here’s where the major benchmarks ended:
In addition to tech shares, retailers and banks were also among the market’s weakest performers Wednesday. Small-cap stocks were also under pressure with the Russell 2000® Index (RUT) down about 2.7% to a three-week low. Energy shares strengthened behind a jump of nearly 4% in crude oil futures.
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Driving much of the tech slump was a 4% drop by Apple’s stock, a dive precipitated by an analyst downgrade questioning why the $2.9 trillion (market capitalization) company is trading at such an expensive valuation considering its negative earnings and profit growth.
Other members of the “magnificent seven” tech stocks, which gained a collective $5.1 trillion in market cap last year, also flailed Tuesday. Alphabet, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft, Nvidia and Meta each fell 1.6% or more, while Tesla was the sole magnificent seven member in the green, as its shares slipped less than 1% after reporting more fourth-quarter electric vehicle deliveries than fore-casted.
Here is where the major benchmarks ended:
Semiconductor companies led the way lower Tuesday after Bloomberg reported Netherlands-based ASML Holding NV (ASML) canceled shipments of some of its machines to China at the request of U.S. President Biden’s administration weeks before export bans on the high-end chipmaking equipment came into effect. The Philadelphia Semiconductor Index (SOX) tumbled 3.7%. Health care and energy sectors were among the few areas of strength, the latter gaining despite a 1.6% drop in crude oil futures.
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ChristianaCare agreed to pay $47.1 million to resolve illegal kickback allegations flagged by its former chief compliance officer.
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Markets: The stock market was closed yesterday to give investors time to celebrate New Year’s Day 2024. As the just passed old year, 2023, provided plenty of reasons to pop bottles and celebrate:
For example, global stock markets had their best year since 2019, and all three major US indexes finished the year higher than they started it, with tech company gains pushing the NASDAQ up the most. Even among tech giants, Nvidia was a standout, boosted by A.I. suddenly being everywhere.
But, all major markets are down as of this posting time, today.
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