BOARD CERTIFICATION EXAM STUDY GUIDES Lower Extremity Trauma
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Posted on April 1, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Health Capital Consultants, LLC
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On March 9th, 2024, President Biden signed into law a $460 billion spending package to continue funding the federal government for the remainder of the 2024 fiscal year. Contained within the spending package was legislation to cut in half the 2024 Medicare physician payment update of approximately -3.4%.
This Health Capital Topics article discusses the payment update, other healthcare provisions contained in the bipartisan spending bills, and responses from stakeholders. (Read more…)
Managerial and medical cost accounting is not governed by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) as promoted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) for CPAs. Rather, a healthcare organization costing expert may be a Certified Cost Accountant (CCA) or Certified Managerial Accountant (CMA) designated by the Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASB), an independent board within the Office of Management and Budget’s (OMB) Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP).
The Cost Accounting Standards Board
CASB consists of five members, including the OFPP Administrator who serves as chairman and four members with experience in government contract cost accounting (two from the federal government, one from industry, and one from the accounting profession). The Board has the exclusive authority to make, promulgate, and amend cost accounting standards and interpretations designed to achieve uniformity and consistency in the cost accounting practices governing the measurement, assignment, and allocation of costs to contracts with the United States.
Codified at 48 CFR
CASB’s regulations are codified at 48 CFR, Chapter 99. The standards are mandatory for use by all executive agencies and by contractors and subcontractors in estimating, accumulating, and reporting costs in connection with pricing and administration of, and settlement of disputes concerning, all negotiated prime contract and subcontract procurement with the United States in excess of $500,000. The rules and regulations of the CASB appear in the federal acquisition regulations.
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes are used to categorize data for the federal government. In acquisition they are particularly critical for size standards. The NAICS codes are revised every five years by the Census Bureau. As of October 1, 2007, the federal acquisition community began using the 2007 version of the NAICS codes at www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html
Cost Accounting Standards
Healthcare organizations and consultants are obligated to comply with the following cost accounting standards (CAS) promulgated by federal agencies:
CAS 501 requires consistency in estimating, accumulating, and reporting costs.
CAS 502 requires consistency in allocating costs incurred for the same purpose.
CAS 505 requires proper treatment of unallowable costs.
CAS 506 requires consistency in the periods used for cost accounting.
The requirements of these standards are different from those of traditional financial accounting, which are concerned with providing static historical information to creditors, shareholders, and those outside the public or private healthcare organization.
Assessment
Functionally, most healthcare organizations also contain cost centers, which have no revenue budgets or mission to earn revenues for the organization. Examples include human resources, administration, housekeeping, nursing, and the like. These are known as responsibility centers with budgeting constraints but no earnings. Furthermore, shadow cost centers include certain non-cash or cash expenses, such as amortization, depreciation and utilities, and rent. These non-centralized shadow centers are cost allocated for budgeting purposes and must be treated as costs http://www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org
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Posted on March 27, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
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Types of Checks
A cashier’s check is a check drawn from the bank’s own funds, not yours, and signed by a cashier or teller. Unlike a regular check, the bank, not the check writer, guarantees payment of a cashier’s check. A cashier’s check can also be called an official check.
A certified check is a personal check that the payer’s bank has certified to be legitimate and has earmarked the funds for the check. It’s a type of “official” payment. People often confuse certified checks with cashier’s checks. … Then, the bank prints a check against the funds they are holding.
A money order is a method of paying for something with cash using a check from a third party. You pay for the money order, and the third party issues you a check that you can give or send to someone. This person deposits the money order in their bank account or exchanges it for cash at a business or post office.
A bank draft is a negotiable instrument where payment is guaranteed by the issuing bank. Banks verify and withdraw funds from the requester’s account and deposit them into an internal account to cover the amount of the draft. A seller may require a bank draft when they have no relationship with the buyer.
Posted on March 26, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
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Markets: The stock market kicked off its short trading week down as some investors questioned the enthusiasm around the Fed’s recent assurances that it’s still planning three rate cuts this year.
But Digital World Acquisition Corporation roared as the shell company that’s merging with Donald Trump’s Truth Social and will begin trading under its new ticker, DJT, today.
Digital World Acquisition Corp. (Nasdaq: DWAC) is a special purpose acquisition company formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses.
Posted on March 24, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
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Financial hardship has led dozens of operators of senior facilities to file for bankruptcy over the past three years, with 13 companies filing petitions in 2021, 12 debtors filing in 2022 and 15 more in 2023, according to Gibbins Advisors.
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Notable Chapter 11 filings over the past year have included Evangelical Retirement Homes of Greater Chicago, which filed Chapter 11 in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Illinois in June 2023 to sell its assets at auction. Also, Windsor Terrace Health, an operator of 32 nursing homes in California and three in Arizona, filed its petition in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California in August 2023 listing $1 million to $10 million in assets and liabilities and unable to pay its debts.
More recently, Magnolia Senior Living, an operator of four facilities in Georgia, filed for Chapter 11 protection on March. 19 in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Georgia.
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The Great Recession of 2008 had a lot of downsides: People lost homes, jobs, and retirement savings, had their careers derailed, and were forced to learn what the heck synthetic collateralized debt obligations are. But according to recent research, it also made people in the US live longer.
Venture capital funding in the digital health space cooled a bit in 2022 following a red-hot 2021. Overall, digital health companies raised $15.3 billion last year, down from the $29.1 billion raised in 2021—but still above the $14.1 billion raised in 2020, according to Rock Health a seed fund that supports digital health startups.
Nevertheless, analysts predict VC investors and bankers will still put a good amount of money into digital health in 2024 and 2025, especially in alternative care, drug development, health information technology technology, EMRs and software that reduces physician workload.
Of course. an essential first part of attracting VC interest and money is the crafting and presentation of your formal business plan [“elevator pitch”]; as well as the needed technical and managerial experience. This is crucial for success and exactly where we can assist.
Posted on March 15, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Health Capital Consultants, LLC
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On December 26, 2023, a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) found concerning changes in patient outcomes and hospital adverse events associated with private equity (PE) acquisition and ownership of hospitals. Over the past ten years, PE firms have set their sights on hospitals as a lucrative investment opportunity, spending nearly $1 trillion to finance healthcare acquisitions, and purchasing more than 200 hospitals from non-PE owners.
Posted on March 14, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
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As tax season kicks off, the Internal Revenue Service is warning taxpayers and administrators of health spending plans that personal expenses for general health and wellness are not legally considered medical expenses, as it fears some may be misled.
In a press release published Wednesday, the IRS reminded individuals filing their taxes that medical expenses for areas such as weight loss are not deductible or reimbursable under health flexible spending arrangements, health savings accounts, health reimbursement arrangements or medical savings accounts, and that they should beware of companies suggesting otherwise.
“Legitimate medical expenses have an important place in the tax law that allows for reimbursements,” said Danny Werfel, the IRS commissioner, in a statement. “But taxpayers should be careful to follow the rules amid some aggressive marketing that suggests personal expenditures on things like food for weight loss qualify for reimbursement when they don’t qualify as medical expenses.”
According to the IRS, while some companies claim that a doctor’s note based on self-reported health information is enough to qualify a non-medical nutritional, wellness or exercise program as a reimbursable medical expense, that’s not the case. Legally, such a note does not back a targeted diagnosis-specific activity or treatment that would qualify as a medical expense, but simply a personal expense. Cite: Newsweek Giulia Carbonaro
Posted on March 11, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
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Key inflation data incoming: February’s consumer price index report on Tuesday will provide fresh data to help the Fed decide when to lower interest rates. Last week, Chair Jerome Powell said he needed “just a bit more evidence” that inflation was coming back down to normal levels before reducing rates, though “we’re not far from it,” he acknowledged.
Posted on March 5, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
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Stat: 125,000+. That’s how many high-income people the IRS is targeting for not filing their taxes. The IRS started sending letters last week to folks with over $400,000 in income who haven’t filed between 2017 and 2022 (Journal of Accountancy)
The S&P 500 index fell 6.13 points (0.1%) to 5,130.95; the Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 97.55 points (0.3%) to 38,989.83; the NASDAQ Composite declined 67.43 points (0.4%) to 16,207.51.
The 10-year Treasury note yield (TNX) rose about 4 basis points to 4.219%.
The CBOE Volatility Index® (VIX) increased 0.38 to 13.49.
Ongoing strength in chip makers propelled a 1.1% advance in the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index (SOX), which posted a record high for the third-straight trading day. Banks were also among the strongest performers. Small-cap shares eased, with the Russell 2000® Index (RUT) ending with a marginal loss after rising earlier to a two-year high.
As fellow doctors, we understand better than most the more complex financial challenges physicians can face when it comes to their financial planning. Of course, most physicians ultimately make a good income, but it is the saving, asset and risk management tolerance and investing part that many of our colleagues’ struggle with. Far too often physicians receive terrible guidance, have no time to properly manage their own investments and set goals for that day when they no longer wish to practice medicine.
For the average doctor or healthcare professional, the feelings of pride and achievement at finally graduating are typically paired with the heavy burden of hundreds of thousands of dollars in student loan debt.
You dedicated countless hours to learning, studying, and training in your field. You missed birthdays and holidays, time with your families, and sacrificed vacations to provide compassionate and excellent care for your patients. Amidst all of that, there was no time to give your finances even a second thought.
Between undergraduate, medical school, and then internship and residency, most young physicians do not begin saving for retirement until late into their 20s, if not their 30s. You’ve missed an entire decade or more of allowing your money and investments to compound and work for you. When it comes to addressing your financial health and security, there’s no time to waste.
And you may be misled by unscrupulous “advisors”.
For example:
Question: Do you know the difference between a “Fee-Only” and a “Fee-Based financial advisor? Not knowing may cost you tens of thousands of dollars, or more, in excessive advisory fees.
Posted on March 2, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
RETIREMENT PLANNING
By Staff Reporters
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A PEP is a defined contribution plan, such as a 401(k), in which multiple employers can participate. When employers join a PEP, they delegate their named fiduciary role to a third-party pooled plan provider (PPP). PEP fiduciary oversight falls on the PPP rather than the employer. And although each PPP may set its own eligibility requirements, businesses joining a PEP benefit plan needn’t operate in the same industry or geographical area.
PEP plans provide viable 401(k) alternatives for small business owners who may otherwise struggle to compete for talent against large organizations with comprehensive benefits packages.
Other advantages include: Less in-house administration: The PPP assumes responsibility for much of the plan administration, handling all plan documentation, governmental filings and ongoing compliance. Employee payroll deductions are left to the employer, but these can be efficiently managed with the help of a payroll service provider that integrates payroll and benefits.
Tax credits can help offset PEP start-up costs. For the first three years of participation, employers may be eligible for a tax credit of $5,000 annually, with an additional $500 available to those who set up automatic enrollment. Under Secure Act 2.0, an additional credit of up to $1,000 per employee for eligible employer contributions may apply to employers with up to 50 employees for the preceding taxable year. This credit phases out from 51 to 100 employees.
Businesses participating in single-employer retirement plans (SEP) must independently communicate and coordinate with their record-keeper, custodian, investment advisor, trustee and auditor. With PEP, all these tasks and services are bundled into one, saving employers time and money.
Despite its advantages, a PEP does have some drawbacks, particularly when compared to an SEP. Unlike a PEP, an SEP gives employers more of the following:
Flexibility: Employers can customize the design of their plan to meet their retirement goals and the needs of their employees.
Control: Employers are not dependent on the actions or decisions of others and can access information and resolve problems directly without the need of a third party.
Choice: Employers have the unilateral freedom to choose a different service provider, move their plan or negotiate better pricing if they are unsatisfied with the cost or quality of service.
Posted on February 28, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
Pay for Performance Initiatives
[By Staff Writers]
Of course, consumer directed healthcare trends and fee transparency increasingly mandate physician economic accountability, such as in the P4P initiatives, but CMS may also begin profiling physicians and targeting those it deems inefficient sometime next year, as well.
In May 2007, Herbert Kuhn, acting deputy administrator of CMS, told a House subcommittee that the agency will have the data and computer capacity available to do tracking as soon as mid-2008.
To monitor efficiency, CMS would compare levels of tests physicians order for certain types of patients to tests ordered by other doctors who achieve similar outcomes. The agency would then contact the physicians whose testing patterns seem to be out of line. No doubt, the effects on private pay-for-performance [P4P] initiatives is obvious. Kuhn told the subcommittee that his largest concern was figuring out how to use the data to help physicians grow more efficient.
Assessment
To date, the agency hasn’t established plans to link efficiency measures with reimbursement changes. If it wants to do so, Congress would probably have to enact new legislation, according to several policymakers.
Conclusion
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Speaker: If you need a moderator or speaker for an upcoming event, Dr. David E. Marcinko; MBA – Publisher-in-Chief of the Medical Executive-Post – is available for seminar or speaking engagements. Contact: MarcinkoAdvisors@msn.com
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Posted on February 24, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
OBTUSE METER?
By Staff Reporters
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What is Delta?
FINANCE: Delta is a risk sensitivity measure used in assessing derivatives. It is one of the many measures that are denoted by a Greek letter. The series of risk measures that use such letters are fittingly referred to as the Greeks. They are often also called risk measures, hedge parameters, or risk sensitivities.
ACCOUNTING: Delta is the ratio of the change in price of an option to the change in price of the underlying asset. Also called the hedge ratio; For a call option on a stock, a delta of 0.50 means that for every $1.00 that the stock goes up, the option price rises by $0.50.
Posted on February 23, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
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You can’t stop Nvidia and AI? The tech stock continued its post-earnings explosion yesterday, skyrocketing 16% and taking the entire stock market along with it. All three major indexes increased, with the S&P 500 notching another record high, as investors rode the surging waves.
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Nvidia’s Q4 and full-year 2023 earnings smashed records, all but ensuring AI hype will continue for the foreseeable future. The chipmaker reported Q4 revenue of $22.1 billion, up 265% from Q4 2022, and a diluted EPS of $4.93, up 33% from last quarter and a whopping 765% from this time last year. (And, no, Lyft, those aren’t typos.)
“Accelerated computing and generative AI have hit the tipping point,” Nvidia’s founder and CEO Jensen Huang crowed in a press release. “Demand is surging worldwide across companies, industries, and nations.”
Nvidia’s made itself inescapable merely by virtue of being so big. Last week, it became the nation’s third-largest company, reaching a market cap of $1.83 trillion. It’s driven about a third of the NASDAQ 100’s gains this past year, according to Fast Company. That being the case, Nvidia’s performance can serve as a litmus test for the stock market itself.
Posted on February 23, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
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Big tech companies are continuing to pour cash into artificial intelligence at a breakneck pace. And based Bion the earnings update Wednesday from Nvidia, much of it is going to that chip maker. “This last year, we’ve seen generative AI really becoming a whole new application space, a whole new way of doing computing,” Jensen Huang, Nvidia’s co-founder and chief executive, said Wednesday. “A whole new industry is being formed, and that’s driving our growth.”
Pharmacies across the country are reporting delays to prescription orders due to a cyberattack against one of the nation’s largest health-care technology companies. Change Healthcare, a company handling orders and patient payments throughout the U.S., first noticed the “cyber security issue” affecting its networks Wednesday morning on the East Coast.
Here’s where the major benchmarks ended:
The S&P 500 index rose 105.23 points (2.1%) to 5,087.03; the Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 456.87 points (1.2%) to 39,069.11; the NASDAQ Composite rallied 460.75 points (3%) to 16,041.62.
The 10-year Treasury note yield (TNX) was little changed at 4.323%.
The CBOE Volatility Index® (VIX) fell 0.84 to 14.50.
Nvidia sparked a 5% rally in the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index (SOX) and a 3% gain in the NASDQ-100®(NDX), both of which ended at all-time highs. Consumer discretionary shares were also among the strongest sectors Thursday. The small-cap Russell 2000® Index (RUT) rose 1% and halted a three-day slide.
According to Joe Mazzola, director of trading and education at Schwab, Nvidia had a “profound effect” at both the sector and index level, partly reflecting its market value, which is nearing $2 trillion. Nvidia is now the third largest company behind Microsoft (MSFT) and Apple (AAPL).
Managed care insurers have profited handsomely from Medicare Advantage plans, scoring billions in annual profits. They credit this financial wizardry to their use of sophisticated data analytics, preventative care, cost optimization, provider networks, evidence and value-based care and risk mitigation strategies. However, doctors, hospitals, and medical providers assert something else.
In fact, Medicare Advantage plans have been making headlines in 2024, but not in a positive light, at least for health insurance companies. Medicare is a government-sponsored health insurance benefit; generally for retired people aged 65 and older.
For most, the money for Medicare Part B medical insurance or Part C Medicare Advantage plans is withdrawn directly from Social Security benefits monthly, coupled with a relatively small monthly payment from the patient. Nearly half of the Medicare population is enrolled in Part C Medicare Advantage plans.
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However, there have been rumblings in the medical sector between medical providers and medical insurers coming to a head. So, where do you stand?
The giant accounting firm Grant Thornton LLP is laying off 200 people, its second round of layoffs in the past six months and an indication that the major players in the professional consulting, accounting and advisory business are preparing for an economic slowdown that could squeeze profits across corporate America.
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Statistics: 7.4%. That’s the percentage drop in students who graduated with a degree in accounting in the 2021–2022 school year than the year before. Low starting salaries, heavy workloads, and uncertainty around AI are driving the exodus of students from choosing accounting degrees. (the Wall Street Journal).
Informational essays of most current interest to healthcare professionals. Check back periodically for practical updates. Our catalogue library of major books, texts, case models and dictionaries is suggested for additional financial, economic, business and medical practice management information and education.
Posted on February 19, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
Get ’em … While They are Hot!
By Ann Miller RN MHA
[ME-P Executive Director]
Just click on the book icon to order; get any one or all three! You’ll be glad you did.
Speaker: If you need a moderator or speaker for an upcoming event, Dr. David E. Marcinko; MBA – Publisher-in-Chief of the Medical Executive-Post – is available for seminar or speaking engagements. Contact: MarcinkoAdvisors@msn.com
Running a business involves a constant learning curve. And that applies whether you’re a rookie entrepreneur just starting out with a great idea for a new business or a more established small business owner with a quickly growing business that needs to expand. You should always be learning as a business owner, no matter where you are in your career—there’s always a new tool to master, new problems to solve, and new vocabulary to understand.
In order to not get totally overwhelmed, it’s helpful to take things one segment at a time. For instance, feeling confident when discussing the business’s financial needs should be a priority for every small business owner. After all, you represent the heart and soul of your business in the marketplace. So knowing the “language” of business finance is an integral part of your job as the owner.
The good news is that you don’t have to be an accountant or a financial planner to negotiate in the world of business finance. Here are some business terms and finance terms that will help you find your way to successful small business funding. https://www.youtube.com/embed/0kD4X2fgxGs
Business and Finance Terms to Know
From accounting, to business loans, to general business financial operations, here’s the ultimate list to all the business finance terms and definitions you need to know:
1. Accounts Payable
Accounts payable is a business finance 101 term. This represents your small business’s obligations to pay debts owed to lenders, suppliers, and creditors. Sometimes referred to as A/P or AP for short, accounts payable can be short or long term depending upon the type of credit provided to the business by the lender.
2. Accounts Receivable
Also known as A/R (or AR, good guess), accounts receivables is another business finance 101 term that means the money owed to your small business by others for goods or services rendered. These accounts are labeled as assets because they represent a legal obligation for the customer to pay you cash for their short-term debt.
3. Accrual Basis
The accrual basis of accounting is an accounting method of recording income when it’s actually earned and expenses when they actually occur. Accrual basis accounting is the most common approach used by larger businesses to record and maintain financial transactions.
4. Accruals
A business finance term and definition referring to expenses that have been incurred but haven’t yet been recorded in the business books. Wages and payroll taxes are common examples.
5. Asset
This business finance key term is anything that has value—whether tangible or intangible—and is owned by the business is considered an asset. Typical items listed as business assets are cash on hand, accounts receivable, buildings, equipment, inventory, and anything else that can be turned into cash.
6. Balance Sheet
Along with three other reports relating to the financial health of your small business, the balance sheet is essential information that gives a “snapshot” of the company’s net worth at any given time. The report is a summary of the business assets and liabilities.
7. Bookkeeping
A method of accounting that involves the timely recording of all financial transactions for the business.
8. Capital
Refers to the overall wealth of a business as demonstrated by its cash accounts, assets, and investments. Often called “fixed capital,” it refers to the long-term worth of the business. Capital can be tangible, like durable goods, buildings, and equipment, or intangible such as intellectual property.
9. Working Capital
Not to be confused with fixed capital, working capital is another business finance 101 term. It consists of the financial resources necessary for maintaining the day-to-day operation of the business. Working capital, by definition, is the business’s cash on hand or instruments that you can convert to cash quickly.
10. Cash Flow
Every business needs cash to operate. The business finance term and definition cash flow refers to the amount of operating cash that “flows” through the business and affects the business’s liquidity. Cash flow reports reflect activity for a specified period of time, usually one accounting period or one month. Maintaining tight control of cash flow is especially important if your small business is new, since ready cash can be limited until the business begins to grow and produce more working capital.
11. Cash Flow Projections
Future business decisions will depend on your educated cash flow projections. To plan ahead for upcoming expenditures and working capital, you need to depend on previous cash flow patterns. These patterns will give you a comprehensive look at how and when you receive and spend your cash. This info is the key to unlock informed, accurate cash flow projections.
12. Depreciation
The value of any asset can be said to depreciate when it loses some of that value in increments over time. Depreciation occurs due to wear and tear. Various methods of depreciation are used by businesses to decrease the recorded value of assets.
13. Fixed Asset
A tangible, long-term asset used for the business and not expected to be sold or otherwise converted into cash during the current or upcoming fiscal year is called a fixed asset. Fixed assets are items like furniture, computer equipment, equipment, and real estate.
14. Gross Profit
This business finance term and definition can be calculated as total sales (income) less the costs (expenses) directly related to those sales. Raw materials, manufacturing expenses, labor costs, marketing, and transportation of goods are all included in expenses.
15. Income Statement
Here is one of the four most important reports lenders and investors want to see when evaluating the viability of your small business. It is also called a profit and loss statement, and it addresses the business’s bottom line, reporting how much the business has earned and spent over a given period of time. The result will be either a net gain or a net loss.
16. Intangible Asset
A business asset that is non-physical is considered intangible. These assets can be items like patents, goodwill, and intellectual property.
17. Liability
This business finance key term is a legal obligation to repay or otherwise settle a debt. Liabilities are considered either current (payable within one year or less) or long-term (payable after one year) and are listed on a business’s balance sheet. A business’s accounts payable, wages, taxes, and accrued expenses are all considered liabilities.
18. Liquidity
Liquidity is an indicator of how quickly an asset can be turned into cash for full market value. The more liquid your assets, the more financial flexibility you have.
19. Profit & Loss Statement
See “Income Statement” above.
20. Statement of Cash Flow
One of the important documents required by lenders and investors that shows a summary of the actual collection of revenue and payment of expenses for your business. The statement of cash flow should reflect activity in the areas of operating, investing, and financing and should be an integral part of your financial statement package.
21. Statement of Shareholders’ Equity
If you have chosen to fund your small business with equity financing and you have established shares and shareholders as part of the controlling interests, you are obligated to provide a financial report that shows changes in the equity section of your balance sheet.
22. Annual Percentage Rate
The business finance term and definition APR represents the yearly real cost of a loan including all interest and fees. The total amount of interest to be paid is based on the original amount loaned, or the principal, and is represented in percentage form. When shopping for the right loan for your small business, you should know the APR for the loan in question. This figure can be very helpful in comparing one financial tool with another since it represents the actual cost of borrowing.
23. Appraisal
Just like your real estate appraisal when buying a house, an appraisal is a professional opinion of market value. When closing a loan for your small business, you will probably need one or more of the three types of appraisals: real estate, equipment, and business value.
24. Balloon Loan
A loan that is structured so that the small business owner makes regular repayments on a predetermined schedule and one much larger payment, or balloon payment, at the end. These can be attractive to new businesses because the payments are smaller at the outset when the business is more likely to be facing strict financial constraints. However, be sure that your business will be capable of making that last balloon payment since it will be a large one.
25. Bankruptcy
This federal law is used as a tool for businesses or individuals who are having severe financial challenges. It provides a plan for reduction and repayment of debts over time or an opportunity to completely eliminate the majority of the outstanding debts. Turning to bankruptcy should be given careful thought because it will have a negative effect on the business credit score.
26. Bootstrapping
Using your own money to finance the start-up and growth of your small business. Think of it as being your own investor. Once the business is up and running successfully, the business finance term and definition bootstrapping refers to the use of profits earned to reinvest in the business.
27. Business Credit Report
Just like you have a personal credit report that lenders look at to determine risk factors for making personal loans, businesses also generate credit reports. These are maintained by credit bureaus that record information about a business’s financial history.
Items like how large the company is, how long has it been in business, amount and type of credit issued to the business, how credit has been managed, and any legal filings (i.e., bankruptcy) are all questions addressed by the business credit report. Lenders, investors, and insurance companies use these reports to evaluate risk exposure and financial health of a business.
28. Business Credit Score
A business credit score is calculated based on the information found in the business credit report. Using a specialized algorithm, business credit scoring companies take into account all the information found on your credit report and give your small business a credit score. Also called a commercial credit score, this number is used by various lenders and suppliers to evaluate your creditworthiness.
29. Collateral
Any asset that you pledge as security for a loan instrument is called collateral. Lenders often require collateral as a way to make sure they won’t lose money if your business defaults on the loan. When you pledge an asset for collateral, it becomes subject to seizure by the lender if you fail to meet the requirements of the loan documents.
30. Credit Limit
When a lender offers a business line of credit it usually comes with a credit limit, or a maximum amount that you can use at any given time. It is said that you reach your credit limit or “max out” your credit when you borrow up to or exceed that number. A business line of credit can be especially useful if your business is seasonal or if the income is extremely unpredictable. It is one of the fastest ways to access cash for emergencies.
31. Debt Consolidation
If your small business has several loans with various payments, you might want to consider a business debt consolidation loan. It is a process that lets you combine multiple loans into a single loan. The advantages are possibly reducing the interest rates on the borrowed funds as well as lowering the total amount you repay each month. Businesses use this tool to help improve cash flow.
32. Debt Service Coverage Ratio
The business finance term and definition debt service coverage ratio (DSCR) is the ratio of cash your small business has available for paying or servicing its debt. Debt payments include making principal and interest payments on the loan you are requesting. Generally speaking, if your DSCR is above 1, your business has enough income to meet its debt requirements.
33. Debt Financing
When you borrow money from a lender and agree to repay the principal with interest in regular payments for a specified period of time, you’re using debt financing. Traditionally, it has been the most common form of funding for small businesses.
Debt financing can include borrowing from banks, business credit cards, lines of credit, personal loans, merchant cash advances, and invoice financing. This method creates a debt that must be repaid but lets you maintain sole control of your business.
34. Equity Financing
The act of using investor funds in exchange for a piece or ”share” of your business is another way to raise capital. These funds can come from friends, family, angel investors, or venture capitalists.
Before deciding to use equity financing to raise the cash necessary for your business, decide how much control you are willing to share when it comes to decision-making and philosophy. Some investors will also want voting rights.
35. FICO Score
A FICO score is another type of credit score used by potential lenders for evaluating the wisdom of entering a contract with you and your business. FICO scores comprise a substantial part of the credit report that lenders use to assess credit risk. It was created by the Fair Isaac Corporation, hence the name FICO.
36. Financial Statements
An integral part of the loan application process is furnishing information that shows your business is a good credit risk. The standard financial statement packet includes four main reports: the income statement, the balance sheet, the statement of cash flow, and the statement of shareholders’ equity, if you have shareholders.
Lenders and investors want to see that your business is well-balanced with assets and liabilities, has positive cash flow, and will have capital to make expected repayments.
37. Fixed Interest Rate
The interest rate on a loan that is established in the beginning and does not change for the lifetime of the loan is said to be fixed. Loans with fixed interest rates are appealing to small business owners because the repayment amounts are consistent and easier to budget for in the future.
38. Floating Interest Rate
In contrast to the business finance term and definition fixed rate, the floating interest rate will change with market fluctuations. Also referred to as variable rates or adjustable rates, these amounts may often start out lower than the fixed rate percentages. This makes them more appealing in the short term if the market is trending down.
39. Guarantor
When starting a new small business, lenders might want you to provide a guarantor. This is an individual who guarantees to cover the balance owed on a debt if you or your business cannot meet the repayment obligation.
40. Interest Rate
All loans and other lending instruments are assigned the business finance key term interest rates. This is a percentage of the principal amount charged by the lender for the use of its money. Interest rates represent the current cost of borrowing.
41. Invoice Factoring or Financing
If your business has a significant amount of open invoices outstanding, you may contact a factoring company and have them purchase the invoices at a discount. By raising capital this way, there is no debt, and the factoring company assumes the financial responsibility for collecting the invoice debts.
42. Lien
This business finance term and definition is a creditor’s legal claim to the collateral pledged as security for a loan is called a lien.
43. Line of Credit
A lender may offer you an unsecured amount of funds available for your business to draw on when capital is needed. This line of credit is considered a short-term funding option, with a maximum amount available. This pre-approved pool of money is appealing because it gives you quick access to the cash.
44. Loan-to-Value
The LTV comparison is a ratio of the fair-market value of an asset compared to the amount of the loan that will fund it. This is another important number for lenders who need to know if the value of the asset will cover the loan repayment if your business defaults and fails to pay.
45. Long-Term Debt
Any loan product with a total repayment schedule lasting longer than one year is considered a long-term debt.
46. Merchant Cash Advance
A merchant may offer a funding method through a loan based on the business’s monthly sales volume. Repayment is made with a percentage of the daily or weekly sales. These tend to be short-term loans and are one of the costliest ways to fund your small business.
47. Microloan
Microloans are loans made through nonprofit, community-based organizations and they are most often for amounts under $50,000.
48. Personal Guarantee
If you’re seeking financing for a very new business and don’t have a high value asset to offer as collateral, you may be asked by the lender to sign a statement of personal guarantee. In effect, this statement affirms that you as an individual will act as guarantor for the business’s debt, making you personally liable for the balance of the loan even in the event that your business fails.
49. Principal
Any loan instrument is made of three parts—the principal, the interest, and the fees. The principal is a business finance key term and is the original amount that is borrowed or the outstanding balance to be repaid less interest. It is used to calculate the total interest and fees charged.
50. Revolving Line of Credit
This business finance term and definition is a funding option is similar to a standard line of credit. However, the agreement is to lend a specific amount of money, and once that sum is repaid, it can be borrowed again.
51. Secured Loan
Many lenders will require some form of security when loaning money. When this happens, this business finance term and definition is a secured loan. The asset being used as collateral for the loan is said to be “securing” the loan. In the event that your small business defaults on the loan, the lender can then claim the collateral and use its fair-market value to offset the unpaid balance.
52. Term Loan
These are debt financing tools used to raise needed funds for your small business. Term loans provide the business with a lump sum of cash up front in exchange for a promise to repay the principal and interest at specified intervals over a set period of time. These are typically longer term, one-time loans for start-up expenses or costs for established business expansion.
53. Unsecured Loans
Loans that are not backed by collateral are called unsecured loans. These types of loans represent a higher risk for the lender, so you can expect to pay higher interest rates and have shorter repayment time frames. Credit cards are an excellent example of unsecured loans that are a good option for small business funding when combined with other financing options.
54. Articles of Incorporation
This is legal documentation of the business’s creation, including name, type of business, and type of business structure or incorporation. This paperwork is one of the first tasks you will complete when you officially start your business. Once submitted, your articles of incorporation are kept on file with the appropriate governmental agencies.
55. Business Plan
Here is your tool for demonstrating how you want to establish your small business and how you plan to grow it into good financial health. When writing a business plan, it should include financial, operational, and marketing goals as well as how you plan to get there. The more specific you are with your business plan, the better prepared you will be in the long run.
56. Employer Identification Number (EIN) Certificate
In order to be more easily identified by the Internal Revenue Service, every business entity is assigned a unique number called an EIN. When you start your small business, an EIN will be assigned and mailed to the business address. This number never changes, and you will be asked to furnish it for many reasons.
57. Franchise Agreement
For a small business entrepreneur, entering into a franchise agreement with a larger company can be a way to enter the marketplace. The agreement made between you and the larger company gives you the right to operate as a satellite of the larger company in a certain territory for a given period of time. This lets you, the business owner, take advantage of a brand name that’s already familiar in the marketplace and a process or operation that has already been tested.
58. Net Worth
This business finance term and definition is an expression of your business’s total value, as determined by your total current assets less the total liabilities currently owed by the business. With your business’s most recent balance sheet in hand, you can calculate the net worth using a simple formula: Assets – Liabilities = Net Worth.
59. Retained Earnings
Just like it sounds, this term represents any profits earned that are retained in the business. This can also be referred to as bootstrapping.
60. Tax Lien
If your business fails to pay taxes owed to the designated government entity, namely the IRS, you may find your assets seized by the claim of a tax lien. The government can not only seize your assets for liquidation to resolve the tax debt, but they can also charge you penalties on the amount you owe.
Don’t Be Overwhelmed by Health Economics, Business and Finance Terms
As a small business owner, physicians are required to wear many different hats—often including that of chief financial officer or bookkeeper. Before you let yourself get intimidated by all the business terms and definitions, just remember that knowledge is power.
You can serve your small practice business, clinic, out-patient center or hospital most effectively by becoming familiar with terms used in business and finance and how they will affect your financial health. Armed with a basic understanding of business finance key terms, you will be prepared to face the financial challenges that go along with being a modern doctor, today!
Posted on February 18, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
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Nike is planning to restructure and lay off 2% of its staff, more than 1,500 people, as consumers pull back on spending.
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If the total U.S. debt were divided by every household in the country, each household would get about $252,000, according to a September tweet from The Kobeissi Letter.
And, Jerome Powell, the Chair of the Federal Reserve, shared his concerns regarding the fiscal direction of the United States during a “60 Minutes” interview with Scott Pelley.
Powell said, “The U.S. is on an unsustainable fiscal path,” emphasizing that the growth of the national debt is outstripping the growth of the economy.
Despite the convenience of avoiding probate, a TOD account does not inherently provide tax benefits or protections against estate or inheritance taxes.
Upon your death, estate taxes may apply if the total value of your estate exceeds the federal exemption threshold, which is $13.61 million in 2024. Most people won’t come anywhere close to this level. However, a handful of states do impose inheritance taxes, which are paid by beneficiaries, though these exemption amounts are also generously high.
For capital gains, beneficiaries get a step-up in basis to the fair market value of the assets at the date of your death, which can provide significant tax benefits if the assets have appreciated in value.
Posted on February 17, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
Beneficial Ownership Information Report
IMPORTANT FOR DOCTORS, CONSULTANTS AND ADVISORS
By Staff Reporters
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The BOI E-Filing System supports the electronic filing of the Beneficial Ownership Information Report (BOIR) under the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA). The CTA requires certain types of U.S. and foreign entities to report beneficial ownership information to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau of the U.S. Department of the Treasury.
This notice is given under the Privacy Act of 1974 (Privacy Act) and the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (Paperwork Reduction Act). The Privacy Act and Paperwork Reduction Act require that FinCEN inform persons of the following when requesting and collecting information in connection with this collection of information.
This collection of information is authorized under 31 U.S.C. 5336 and 31 C.F.R. 1010.380. The principal purpose of this collection of information is to generate a database of information that is highly useful in facilitating national security, intelligence, and law enforcement activities, as well as compliance with anti-money laundering, countering the financing of terrorism, and customer due diligence requirements under applicable law. Pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 5336 and 31 C.F.R. 1010.380, reporting companies and certain other persons must provide specified information. The provision of that information is mandatory and failure to provide that information may result in criminal and civil penalties. The provision of information for the purpose of requesting a FinCEN Identifier is voluntary; however, failure to provide such information may result in the denial of such a request.
Generally, the information within this collection of information may be shared as a “routine use” with other government agencies and financial institutions that meet certain criteria under applicable law. The complete list of routine uses of the information is set forth in the relevant Privacy Act system of record notice available at https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/09/13/2023-19814/privacy-act-of-1974-system-of-records.
According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number for this information collection is 1506-0076. It expires on November 30, 2026.
The estimated average burden associated with this collection of information from reporting companies is 90 to 650 minutes per respondent for reporting companies with simple or complex beneficial ownership structures, respectively. The estimated average burden associated with reporting companies updating information previously provided is 40 to 170 minutes per respondent for reporting companies with simple or complex beneficial ownership structures, respectively. The estimated average burden associated with this collection of information from individuals applying for FinCEN identifiers is 20 minutes per applicant. The estimated average burden associated with individuals who have obtained FinCEN identifiers updating information previously provided is 10 minutes per individual.
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Comments regarding the accuracy of this burden estimate, and suggestions for reducing the burden should be directed to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, P. O. Box 39, Vienna, VA 22183, Attn: Policy Division.
For example, a new government inflation reading just dropped this morning, and 61 companies in the S&P 500 reported earnings.
Inflation cooled again in January, but the declines may have paused. The Labor Department reported Tuesday that consumer prices rose 3.1% in January from a year earlier, versus a December gain of 3.4%. That marked the lowest reading since June. Core prices, which exclude food and energy items in an effort to better track inflation’s underlying trend, were up 3.9%. That was equal to December’s gain, which was the lowest since mid-2021.
And, Nvidia kept inching up and at one point overtook Amazon, briefly becoming the fourth-most-valuable company listed in the US.
Posted on February 13, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
The Medical Practice Walk-through – A Necessity?
Dr. David E. Marcinko MBA
The most effective means for any professional appraiser to confirm his or her understanding of business value, and how internal controls over financial and managerial reporting is designed and operated in a medical practice, is to evaluate and test its effectiveness.
This includes making inquiries about and observing the personnel who actually perform the managerial duties and controls; reviewing documents that are used in – and that result from – the application of the controls; and comparing supporting documentation to the accounting records.
In performing an onsite office walkthrough, professional valuators examine and review transactions in a medical practices information system to the point where it is reflected in the company’s financial reports.
Practice onsite walkthroughs provide the valuator with evidence to:
·Confirm the medical process flow of transactions
·Understand the management design components of a medical practice valuation related to the prevention or detection of fraud, over utilization, excessive expenses, etc
·Learn about office workforce processes by determining whether points at which misstatements related to each relevant financial statement assertion that could occur have been identified
·Document whether office controls have been placed in operation.
Of course, an onsite walk-through is the premier component of any comprehensive medical practice valuation engagement.
CONCLUSION: What are your thoughts on onsite valuation visits; pro or con?
Speaker: If you need a moderator or speaker for an upcoming event, Dr. David E. Marcinko; MBA – Publisher-in-Chief of the Medical Executive-Post – is available for seminar or speaking engagements. Contact: MarcinkoAdvisors@msn.com
ACOs are groups of doctors, hospitals, and other health care providers, who come together voluntarily to give coordinated high-quality care to their Medicare patients. The goal of coordinated care is to ensure that patients get the right care at the right time, while avoiding unnecessary duplication of services and preventing medical errors.
When an ACO succeeds both in delivering high-quality care and spending health care dollars more wisely, the ACO will share in the savings it achieves for the Medicare program.
Now, suppose that in a new Accountable Care Organization [ACO] contract, a certain medical practice was awarded a new global payment or capitation styled contract that increased revenues by $100,000 for the next fiscal year. The practice had a gross margin of 35% that was not expected to change because of the new business. However, $10,000 was added to medical overhead expenses for another assistant and all Account’s Receivable (AR) are paid at the end of the year, upon completion of the contract.
Cost of Medical Services Provided (COMSP):
The Costs of Medical Services Provided (COMSP) for the ACO business contract represents the amount of money needed to service the patients provided by the contract. Since gross margin is 35% of revenues, the COMSP is 65% or $65,000. Adding the extra overhead results in $75,000 of new spending money (cash flow) needed to treat the patients. Therefore, divide the $75,000 total by the number of days the contract extends (one year) and realize the new contract requires about $ 205.50 per day of free cash flows.
Assumptions
Financial cash flow forecasting from operating activities allows a reasonable projection of future cash needs and enables the doctor to err on the side of fiscal prudence. It is an inexact science, by definition, and entails the following assumptions:
All income tax, salaries and Accounts Payable (AP) are paid at once.
Durable medical equipment inventory and pre-paid advertising remain constant.
Gains/losses on sale of equipment and depreciation expenses remain stable.
Gross margins remain constant.
The office is efficient so major new marginal costs will not be incurred.
Physician Reactions:
Since many physicians are still not entirely comfortable with global reimbursement, fixed payments, capitation or ACO reimbursement contracts; practices may be loath to turn away short-term business in the ACA era. Physician-executives must then determine other methods to generate the additional cash, which include the following general suggestions:
1. Extend Account’s Payable
Discuss your cash flow difficulties with vendors and emphasize their short-term nature. A doctor and her practice still has considerable cache’ value, especially in local communities, and many vendors are willing to work them to retain their business
2. Reduce Accounts Receivable
According to most cost surveys, about 30% of multi-specialty group’s accounts receivable (ARs) are unpaid at 120 days. In addition, multi-specialty groups are able to collect on only about 69% of charges. The rest was written off as bad debt expenses or as a result of discounted payments from Medicare and other managed care companies. In a study by Wisconsin based Zimmerman and Associates, the percentages of ARs unpaid at more than 90 days is now at an all time high of more than 40%. Therefore, multi-specialty groups should aim to keep the percentage of ARs unpaid for more than 120 days, down to less than 20% of the total practice. The safest place to be for a single specialty physician is probably in the 30-35% range as anything over that is just not affordable.
The slowest paid specialties (ARs greater than 120 days) are: multi-specialty group practices; family practices; cardiology groups; anesthesiology groups; and gastroenterologists, respectively. So work hard to get your money, faster. Factoring, or selling the ARs to a third party for an immediate discounted amount is not usually recommended.
3. Borrow with Short-Term Bridge Loans
Obtain a line of credit from your local bank, credit union or other private sources, if possible in an economically constrained environment. Beware the time value of money, personal loan guarantees, and onerous usury rates. Also, beware that lenders can reduce or eliminate credit lines to a medical practice, often at the most inopportune time.
4. Cut Expenses
While this is often possible, it has to be done without demoralizing the practice’s staff.
5. Reduce Supply Inventories
If prudently possible; remember things like minimal shipping fees, loss of revenue if you run short, etc.
6. Taxes
Do not stop paying withholding taxes in favor of cash flow because it is illegal.
Hyper-Growth Model:
Now, let us again suppose that the practice has attracted nine more similar medical contracts. If we multiple the above example tenfold, the serious nature of potential cash flow problem becomes apparent. In other words, the practice has increased revenues to one million dollars, with the same 35% margin, 65% COMSP and $100,000 increase in operating overhead expenses. Using identical mathematical calculations, we determine that $750,000 / 365days equals $2,055.00 per day of needed new free cash flows! Hence, indiscriminate growth without careful contract evaluation and cash flow analysis is a prescription for potential financial disaster.
Posted on February 10, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
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Walgreens tapped Mary Langowski, a former CVS Health executive, to lead its U.S. healthcare segment. The move comes as the retail pharmacy giant looks to boost profitability in its healthcare business.
CVS Health cut its outlook for 2024 on the back of higher medical costs in the fourth quarter. The drugstore chain, which owns Aetna, joins other healthcare companies to see a spike in utilization.
The Marcinko & Associates case study and white-paper compendium is a teaching vehicle that presents potential clients with a critical management issue that serves as a spring board to lively debate in which participants present and defend their analysis and prescriptions. The average case is 2 to 100 pages long (prose, tables, graphs, charts, spread sheets and figures, etc).
Our two main types of cases are actual “field cases” based on onsite research, and “library cases”, written from public reference sources. We also write “Marcinko & Associates “armchair cases” based entirely on our general knowledge and subject matter experience.
Unfortunately and regardless of specialty, most doctors quickly realize there are few case model guidelines available to steer them through the day-to-day management maze. One solution is to discuss best-of-breed practices with leading practitioners in order to discern what successful doctors are doing [coaching concept].
Recently, New York Community Bancorp (NYCB) shares took an 11% tumble—on top of a 38% plunge on Wednesday—after the bank said it’s dealing with surging losses from office buildings and multifamily apartment buildings. It’s a sign that commercial real estate (CRE) lenders are reckoning with the fact that they might not get their money back as commercial landlords struggle with high vacancies and interest rates:
More than $2.2 trillion in US commercial property loans will come due by 2027, according to the Wall Street Journal.
The default risk is worse for regional banks, where CRE loans make up nearly 29% of all assets, versus 6.5% at big national banks.
The KBW Regional Banking Index also dropped 9.2% since Wednesday, the most since Silicon Valley Bank’s collapse last year. (Coincidentally, most of the assets of Signature Bank, which failed shortly after SVB, were bought by NYCB.)
Posted on February 1, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
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Microsoft and Google rode the AI wave to huge quarters. Microsoft posted revenues of ~$62 billion in its fiscal Q2 ending Dec. 31, a year over year increase of 17.6% and ahead of analyst’s expectations. That was its best revenue growth in seven quarters, thanks to the release of new AI-enabled Office products. Meanwhile, Google reported strong results, too: Ad revenue at YouTube skyrocketed to $9.2 billion in Q4 of last year, up from below $8 billion the year before. Alphabet CEO Sundar Pichai said YouTube is “already benefiting from our AI investments and innovation.” Alphabet’s total revenue was up 13% year over year to ~$86 billion.
UPS slashed 12k jobs. The shipping giant said it will require employees to return to the office five days a week this year as it changes how it operates amid a slowdown in demand. Revenue declined in Q4, while annual sales fell 9.3% in 2023. Amazon, its biggest customer, accounted for 11.8% of revenue last year, up from the year before, as revenue from other customers declined due to lower demand and more in-store pickups, executives said. UPS is also dealing with higher labor costs due to the deal it made with the Teamsters union to avoid a strike last summer.
The IMF has the US to thank for raising its global forecast. The International Monetary Fund—the UN’s flagship financial agency—said the global economy will grow 3.1% this year, a slight increase from its projection in October. That’s largely due to the strength of the US economy, which has defied economists’ expectations, growing 3.3% in the fourth quarter of 2023. But the improved outlook was also boosted by economic stimulus in China, which has faced deflation and a real estate crisis, among other issues. Other economies, including India, Brazil, and Russia, also performed better than expected, helping to juice the IMF’s forecast.
The S&P 500® index (SPX) fell 79.32 points (1.6%) to 4,845.65; the Dow Jones Industrial Average® (DJI) lost 317.01 points (0.8%) to 38,150.30; the NASDAQ Composite® (COMP) dropped 345.89 points (2.2%) to 15,164.01, a two-week low.
The 10-year Treasury note yield (TNX) decreased nearly 9 basis points to 3.969%.
The CBOE Volatility Index® (VIX) jumped 1.03 to 14.34.
Regional banks led Wednesday’s declines after New York Community Bancorp (NYCB), which took over the failed Signature Bank last year, reported a fourth-quarter loss of $193 million, sending its shares down nearly 38%. The KBW Regional Banking Index (KRX) sank 6%. Communications services shares were also among the weakest performers. Energy companies were also under pressure as WTI Crude Oil futures (/CL) shed nearly 3%.
I’m a late career entry and 55 year old burned out doctor who wants out. Can I retire in 2 years with a pension of $6,100 a month (net). I have $825,000 in my 401(k) and 457 plan and a mortgage of $95,000 at 5.30%. I am not planning to move and will retire in place.
SOME THOUGHTS AND ANSWERS?
Congratulations on you solid retirement fund on top of a pending pension.
The first step you should take is to create a detailed budget for your retirement years. Consider expected living costs, healthcare expenses, travel and any other major expenses. Many folks make the mistake of setting up a monthly budget, but keep out significant milestones that are often costly, such as paying for a child’s college education or wedding.
Next, you should figure out your plan for housing. Mortgage payments, upkeep and taxes are important considerations. There was no mention of mortgage equity.
Another factor to take into account is state and Federal tax projections. If the 401(k) funds are all pre-tax dollars, any distributions will be taxable and there may be penalties if funds are withdrawn prior to 59 ½ years old. That will impact your retirement plan if you’re preparing to retire at 57-58.
It also sounds like you haven’t taken into account your Social Security allowance. It’s possible that your pension is one that comes with a government pension offset which would explain why you didn’t include it. On the other hand, maybe you’re thinking it’s far out enough that it doesn’t factor into your calculations?
Finally, you may want to look for a fee-only financial advisor that is paid directly by the client and doesn’t receive commissions for recommending financial products. So, advice is less biased. And get a fiduciary advisor which means they are required to put your best interests ahead of their own.
Also, someone with medical niche specificity. Good Luck!
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NOTE: This is not an offer to buy or sell any security or interest. All investing involves risk, including loss of principal. Working with an adviser may come with potential downsides such as payment of fees (which will reduce returns). There are no guarantees that working with an adviser will yield positive returns. The existence of a fiduciary duty does not prevent the rise of potential conflicts of interest.
Posted on January 16, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
The stock markets were closed yesterday for MLK Day. But, with everyone there talking about AI, one stock to watch is Nvidia, which has continued to climb this year after soaring nearly 240% last year.
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The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has announced plans to launch a pilot plan, Direct File, providing a free method for U.S. workers to file their federal taxes. This new system aims to allow taxpayers to submit their federal tax returns at no cost through an in-house filing system. This development presents a significant challenge to tax preparation firms like TurboTax.
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And, despite the IRS, it’s never a bad time to be rich. The world’s five richest people have more than doubled their wealth since 2020, according to Oxfam. Tesla’s Elon Musk, LVMH’s Bernard Arnault, Amazon’s Jeff Bezos, Oracle’s Larry Ellison, and Berkshire Hathaway’s Warren Buffett together had $405 billion in March 2020 compared to $869 billion as of November 2023, the charity group found.
Oxfam predicts that if things continue as they are, the world will see its first trillionaire within the next 10 years—though the anti-poverty group also noted that almost 5 billion people have become poorer over roughly the same period.
Posted on January 12, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
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JPMorgan Chase’s profit fell in the fourth quarter as the lender set aside nearly $3 billion to help refill a government deposit insurance fund. JPMorgan and several major banks are required to pay a bulk of the $16 billion to replenish the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s deposit insurance fund (DIF), which was drained after Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank failed last year.
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Bank of America’s fourth-quarter profit shrank as the lender took $3.7 billion in combined charges to refill a government deposit insurance fund and phase out a loan index. Its net interest income (NII) – the difference between what banks earn from loans and pay to depositors – fell 5% to $13.9 billion as the company spent more to keep customer deposits and demand for loans stayed subdued amid high interest rates.
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Wells Fargo press release (NYSE:WFC): Q4 Non-GAAP EPS of $1.29 beats by $0.20. Revenue of $20.48B (+2.2% Y/Y) beats by $100M. Shares -1% PM. Fourth quarter 2023 results included: ◦ $(1.9) billion, or ($0.40) per share, of expense from an FDIC special assessment ◦ $(969) million, or ($0.20) per share, of severance expense for planned actions ◦ $621 million or $0.17 per share, of discrete tax benefits related to the resolution of prior period tax matters ◦ Provision for credit losses in fourth quarter 2023 included an increase in the allowance for credit losses driven by credit card and commercial real estate loans, partially offset by a lower allowance for auto loans. The change in allowance for credit losses also included higher net loan charge-offs for commercial real estate office and credit card loans
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Citigroup (C) is in the middle of a complicated restructuring. It made it clear Wednesday that its fourth quarter earnings report Friday will be complicated, too.
The giant New York-based bank said in a regulatory document it will take more than $3 billion in one-time reserves and expenses as part of those fourth quarter results. They include everything from a $1.3 billion reserve build for currency exposure in Argentina and Russia to $780 million in charges related to severance costs and other aspects of a wide-ranging restructuring of the bank led by CEO Jane Fraser.
Posted on January 10, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
DEFINITION: Adverse events are medical errors that healthcare facilities could and should have avoided. The National Quality Forum (NQF) defines these errors, which are also called serious reportable events. There are 29 adverse events listed as reportable errors. The events may result in patient death or serious disability. The department manages aggregate data on adverse events and posts quarterly reports on this website.
A hospital’s acquisition by a private equity firm is linked to a rise in adverse events despite the pool of lower-risk patients they tend to admit, according to a Medicare Part A claims analysis just published in the Journal of the American Medical Association [JAMA], and according to Dave Muoio of Fierce Healthcare.
Posted on December 27, 2023 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
GOODBYE FORM 1099-Ks
By Staff Reporters
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The IRS just said it is again delaying the implementation of a 2021 law that requires payment platforms such as Venmo, Paypal or Cash App to send tax forms called 1099-Ks to anyone who received more than $600 in the current tax year.
It’s the second consecutive year the IRS has delayed enacting the new regulation, after the tax agency last year pushed off the new law until 2023. On Tuesday, the IRS said it will push the regulation back another year “to reduce taxpayer confusion” after hearing from taxpayers, tax professionals and payment processors.
Posted on December 26, 2023 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Health Capital Consultants, LLC
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On December 13, 2023, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) released its annual report on healthcare spending in the U.S., highlighting the growth in private insurance and Medicaid spending in 2022, which was offset by the declines in supplemental federal funding as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Posted on December 26, 2023 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
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For the second straight year, Wall Street bankers should prepare for smaller bonuses this holiday season, according to a report from consulting firm Johnson Associates. Cash bonuses for investment bankers in particular could shrivel up to 25% compared to 2022. Now, bonuses often account for a huge share of bankers’ total compensation. In some cases, they can be double their salary. That adds up to tens of billions of dollars in Wall Street’s bonus pot, which hit an all-time high in 2021.
But two years later, the economy looks a lot different.
For example, IPOs have slowed, interest rates are up, and we’re down a few banks. Investment bankers aren’t the only ones feeling the effects:
Regional bankers are likely to see bonuses fall 10%–20%.
Workers in asset management and sales could get 5%–10% less this year.
The only groups expected to receive bonus bumps this year are wealth managers and retail or commercial bankers at major global banks. Goldman Sachs is also reportedly considering bigger (but still unspecified) bonuses to keep top traders.
Posted on December 23, 2023 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
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Annual Gift Tax Exclusion Increased
Currently, you can give any number of people up to $17,000 each in a single year without taxation. For 2024, this will be increased to $18,000. For married couples, $36,000 will be available to be given to beneficiaries, tax-free, beginning next year.
Lifetime Gift Tax Exemption
Additionally, the IRS has announced that the lifetime estate and gift tax exemption will increase to $13.61 million in 2024. If a gift exceeds the annual limit ($17,000 this year, $18,000 in 2024), that does not automatically prompt a gift tax. The difference is simply taken from the person’s lifetime exemption limit and no taxes are owed.
Posted on December 22, 2023 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
END-OF-YEAR FINANCE
By Staff Reporters
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We’ve discussed end of year mutual fund “window-dressing” before on this ME-P. Essentially, with mutual funds, window dressing refers to the superficial changes a fund might make to its portfolio of holdings to appear more attractive to current and prospective investors. At a glance, a potential investor might be drawn in with what appears to be good performance.
For example, a mutual fund management team might choose to sell losing stocks and buy winning ones at or around the end of a quarter. This strategy hides weak performance and gives investors a perception of impressive returns.
Window dressing in stocks is an example from another part of the world of finance, as public companies sometimes use window dressing when reporting earnings. Depending on the specifics, this practice can range from “creative accounting” to something bordering on or actually qualifying as fraud.
For example, some economics researchers cite rounding as a manipulative form of window dressing. A firm might round $5.99 million in quarterly earnings up to $6 million because the round number can be more psychologically attractive.
The GM-owned self-driving car company Cruise will lay off 24% of its staff (~900 employees) as well as nine executives following a serious autonomous taxi crash in San Francisco in October 2023 and the vehicles’ subsequent banning in the state of California.
Cruise’s staff reduction appears mostly due to the safety concerns around the company’s robo-taxis, but it comes after a deluge of other high-profile companies made major cuts just before the holidays:
Etsy. The online marketplace said it was laying off 11% of its staff. CEO Josh Silverman blamed the macroeconomic environment and previous over-hiring despite gross merchandise sales remaining flat since 2021.
Hasbro. The toymaker laid off 1,100 workers (roughly 20% of its staff) after a period of less-than-stellar toy sales following a pandemic surge. This most recent layoff is in addition to the 800 jobs it cut earlier this year.
Spotify. The streaming giant announced its third round of 2023 layoffs earlier this month. The company cut 1,500 jobs, which equates to about 17% of staff.
Why do companies do this?
Pre-holiday layoffs might seem especially cruel, but sadly, they aren’t uncommon. December job cuts are the quickest way for companies to pad the balance sheet and EOY reports before they show them to shareholders. Plus, it means they’ll have to give out fewer end-of-year bonuses.
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