KARPMAN: Drama Triangle [Conflict Interaction]

Posted on February 16, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

DEFINITION

By Staff Reporters

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The Karpman drama triangle is a social model of human interaction proposed by San Francisco psychiatrist, Stephen B. Karpman in 1968. The triangle maps a type of destructive interaction that can occur among people in conflict. The drama triangle model is a tool used in psychotherapy, specifically transactional analysis. The triangle of actors in the drama are persecutors, victims and rescuers.

Karpman described how in some cases these roles were not undertaken in an honest manner to resolve the presenting problem, but rather were used fluidly and switched between by the actors in a way that achieved unconscious goals and agendas.

The outcome in such cases was that the actors would be left feeling justified and entrenched, but there would often be little or no change to the presenting problem, and other more fundamental problems giving rise to the situation remaining unaddressed.

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BIGOREXIA NERVOSA: Defined

Posted on February 15, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Bigorexia is a psychological condition and type of body dysmorphic disorder which involves a distorted self-image that focuses specifically on muscle size and physical appearance,” Kara Becker, a certified eating disorder therapist and national director of eating disorder programs at Newport Healthcare, told HuffPost. 

With bigorexia, the afflicted person is obsessed with becoming more muscular and preoccupied with the idea that their body isn’t brawny enough ― even if they actually have the physique of a bodybuilder. And, although muscle dysmorphia can affect anyone, it’s more common in males, and research indicates the disorder is on the rise.

In fact, a 2019 study indicated that 22% of adolescent boys engaged in “muscularity-oriented disordered eating behaviors” in an attempt to bulk up or gain weight and found that supplements, dietary changes and even steroid use were common among young adult males.

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PARADOX of Progress

Posted on February 11, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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The Paradox of Progress explores the tension between societal progress and individual well-being.

According to colleague Eugene Schmuckler PhD MBA MEd, it questions whether advancements in technology, economy, and society truly lead to greater happiness and fulfillment for individuals, or if they create new forms of dissatisfaction or inequality.

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LIFE INSURANCE: Generic Policy

Posted on February 11, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Life Insurance: A contract under which an insurance company promises, in exchange for premiums, to pay a set benefit when the policyholder dies.

Several factors will affect the cost and availability of life insurance, including age, health and the type and amount of insurance purchased. Life insurance policies have expenses, including mortality and other charges. If a policy is surrendered prematurely, the policyholder also may pay surrender charges and have income tax implications. You should consider determining whether you are insurable before implementing a strategy involving life insurance.

Any guarantees associated with a policy are dependent on the ability of the issuing insurance company to continue making claim payments.

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BERTRANDS: Paradox in Probability Theory with Video

Posted on February 10, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

WHAT IS RANDOM?

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Bertrand’s Paradox is a problem within probability theory first suggested by the French Mathematician Joseph Bertrand (1822–1900) in his 1889 work ‘Calcul des Probabilites’. It sets a physical problem that seems very simple but leads to differing probabilities unless its procedure is more clearly defined.

Based on constructing a random chord in a circle, Bertrand’s paradox involves a single mathematical problem with three reasonable but different solutions. It’s less a paradox and more a cautionary tale. It’s really asking the question: What exactly do you mean by random?

IOW: According to Dan Ariely PhD, two players reaching a state of Nash equilibrium both find themselves with no profits gained via exploitation.

Consequently, over the years the Bertrand paradox has inspired debate, with papers arguing what the true solution is: www.bertrands-paradox.com.

Update: The people from Numberphile and 3Blue1Brown produced a video on YouTube describing and explaining the Bertrand paradox.

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PARADOX: Obsessing About Security Breeds Insecurity?

Posted on February 9, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

Human life is Inherently Insecure

By Staff Reporters

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The desire for security and feelings of insecurity are the same thing.

The idea of security, financial or otherwise, is an illusion; human life is inherently insecure.  But, this doesn’t mean we shouldn’t be prudent with risk and diligent financial planning with strategies like saving and investing.

However, according to colleague Eugene Schmuckler PhD, MBA, MEd seeking security is like many things; the more you try to grasp and obsess about financial security, the more quickly you will reach a point of diminishing returns. You will feel increasingly less secure at a certain point.

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My Thoughts on Artificial Intelligence [AI]

Posted on February 9, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Vitaliy Katsenelson CFA

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Article available in Spanish here.

A century ago, one fifth of the country was involved in agriculture. Due to the transformation of farming technology, only 1% of the country is now involved in farming, while our supermarkets are flooded with cheap food. I could be wrong, but I don’t see the 19% of the country who used to farm wandering around unemployed. They have retrained to do other things.

Innovation disrupts, but it also creates new jobs and improves the standard of living of society. A century ago, you could not have imagined most of the jobs we have today. I’m not just talking about social media celebrities; think about software engineers, data scientists, cybersecurity experts, etc. In fact, most white-collar jobs you see today did not exist 100 years ago. Yes, if you specialized in driving horse-powered carriages, you had to acquire new skills.

AI will displace many jobs, but it will also empower people with new productivity tools. Microsoft Excel replaced jobs that required people to add up rows of numbers with calculators, but it created many more. In the 1960s, corporations had departments filled with typists. A photocopier and then the personal computer put these hardworking folks out of a job, but they retrained to do other things.

If we have a victim mentality, AI will run us over; if we embrace it and adapt it to our lives, it may become our best friend to do the jobs we are doing, while our soon-to-be-unemployed coworkers complain about AI.

AI may have a similar impact on our lives as electricity did. Unless it becomes sentient and just like the Terminator, it turns against us (smarter people than me cannot agree on this, especially on a reasonable time frame, so I withhold my opinion on it), it will likely improve our lives significantly. One industry that immediately comes to mind is healthcare – we need major disruption in that sector.

AI may disrupt and completely reshuffle the power dynamics in some industries. Travel, for example, comes to mind; we may start looking for trips and booking tickets with the help of our AI assistant without going to the travel websites. Some companies will adapt and become winners, while others won’t and will become market-share donors.

As I am typing this, I realize (again, something I do daily now) how important management is. In our analysis, we should pay close attention to how companies are embracing AI. Are they giving it lip service or are they really adopting it and changing the business to take advantage of it?

ChatGPT is a statistical representation of things found on the web, which will increasingly include ITS OWN output (directly and secondhand). You post something picked up from it and it will use it to reinforce its own knowledge. Progressively a self-licking lollipop.

If you want to see ChatGPT creating art, for the fun of it, spend some time on myfavoriteclassical.com, where I post music articles. Every single picture there is created by AI. I love impressionist artists, and thus I love these little AI creations. However, if you zoom in closer, you’ll find violinists playing with toothpicks, pianists with three hands and cellists with multiple arms and legs.

This self-licking lollipop is impressive, but it still has a lot to learn. (By the way, if you have not signed up to receive my classical music-only articles, you have an opportunity to do it here).

Finally, the more we rely on AI and the more content it creates, the less creative it and we become.

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IMPLICIT BIAS: In Nursing [RN]

Posted on February 8, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Implicit or unconscious bias is not intentional, but it has a detrimental impact. Implicit bias in nursing affects nurses’ quality of life and patient outcomes. In a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation study, researchers found that 79% of nurses experienced or observed racism or discrimination from patients and 59% saw or experienced it from colleagues.

Asian and Black nurses are particularly likely to have experienced racial aggression, and 94% of Asian and 93% of Black nurses report that it has affected their mental well-being.

Explore more about implicit bias, including how it impacts nurses and patients. Discover some components of effective implicit bias training for nurses.

READ: https://nursejournal.org/articles/combating-implicit-bias-in-nursing/

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PYGMALION: Rosenthal Effect

Posted on February 7, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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The Pygmalion Effect, also known as the Rosenthal Effect, is a fascinating psychological phenomenon where higher expectations lead to an increase in performance. This concept originated from a study conducted by Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson in the 1960s. They discovered that when teachers were led to believe that certain students were expected to perform better academically, those students indeed showed significant improvement.

Here’s a brief overview of how the Pygmalion Effect works:

  1. Expectation Setting: When someone in a position of authority (like a teacher or manager) has high expectations for an individual, they often communicate these expectations through subtle cues.
  2. Behavioral Changes: The individual receiving these cues tends to internalize the expectations and changes their behavior accordingly. They might become more motivated, put in more effort, and show greater persistence.
  3. Performance Improvement: As a result of these behavioral changes, the individual’s performance improves, thereby fulfilling the initial high expectations.

This effect highlights the power of positive reinforcement and belief in someone’s potential. It underscores the importance of fostering a supportive and encouraging environment, whether in educational settings, workplaces, or personal relationships.

If you’re interested in applying the Pygmalion Effect in your life, consider these tips:

  • Set High, Yet Realistic Expectations: Believe in the potential of those around you and communicate your confidence in their abilities.
  • Provide Support and Resources: Ensure that individuals have the tools and support they need to meet these expectations.
  • Offer Positive Feedback: Regularly acknowledge and celebrate progress and achievements to reinforce positive behavior.

Remember, the Pygmalion Effect is a powerful reminder that our beliefs and expectations can significantly influence the outcomes we see in others.

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COGNITIVE BIAS: In the Dental Community

Posted on February 6, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Cognitive bias is a pattern of thinking in humans that, although flawed, is repeated mindlessly, sometimes resulting in irrational behavior and decisions. Dental personnel need to understand how cognitive biases impact both their patients and their team members. Left unchecked, these automatic associations can cause grave mistakes and injuries, and result in real harm.

This course is designed to help dental team members recognize their own biases and see the need to introspect and self-regulate to change them.

READ: https://dentalacademyofce.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Cognitive-bias-within-the.pdf

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Bielard, Biehl and Kaiser: Five-Way Investor Personality Model

Posted on February 6, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PROFESSIONAL FINANCIAL ADVICE

By Staff Reporters

SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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Fund managers Tom Bailard, Larry Biehl and Ron Kaiser identified five types of investors, each type characterized by their investment preferences and actions. These 5 types are: Individualists, Adventurers, Celebrities, Guardians and Straight Arrows. Key to the different categories is their different attitude to seeking professional financial advice. Defined below:

Individualists have faith in their own investment abilities so do not approach a financial adviser. But they are also cautious.

Adventurers are what may be called high rollers, in that they like big bets, tend not to diversify and are happy to put all their eggs in one basket. They, too, are unlikely to seek financial advice.

Celebrities tend to follow the crowd in investment terms but are aware of their lack of expertise so frequently consult advisers.

Guardians are fearful of losing money, thus prefer rock-solid investments such as government bonds. They, too, are likely to seek professional investment advice.

Straight Arrows exhibit some of the characteristics of individualists and some of adventurers.

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DISCOMFORT: Cognitive Dissonance

Posted on January 26, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Cognitive Dissonance is the discomfort experienced when holding conflicting cognitions, like believing in healthy eating while munching on a doghnut. It’s a mental tug-of-war that makes us squirm.

To reduce this discomfort according to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, we often change our beliefs or behaviors to align them. This is why smokers might downplay the health risks of smoking. Understanding cognitive dissonance helps us recognize these mental gymnastics and strive for consistency in our beliefs and actions.

So, next time you feel that mental itch, it’s cognitive dissonance asking for some resolution.

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EGO: Protection & Defense

Posted on January 25, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Ego-Protection refers to psychological strategies individuals use to defend their self-esteem and sense of self-worth against threats or failures. This can include attributing failures to external factors, minimizing the importance of negative feedback, or comparing oneself to others in ways that maintain a positive self-image.

According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, ego-protective mechanisms help people cope with setbacks and maintain mental well-being, although they can sometimes prevent individuals from learning from mistakes or accepting constructive criticism.

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NASH Equilibrium in Game Theory

Posted on January 24, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Nash equilibrium, in game theory, is an outcome in a noncooperative game for two or more players in which no player’s expected outcome can be improved by changing one’s own strategy.

The Nash equilibrium is a key concept in game theory, in which it defines the solution of N-player non-cooperative games. It is named for American mathematician John Nash, who was awarded the 1994 Nobel Prize for Economics for his contributions to game theory.

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PERSONAL PHYSICIAN COACHING: Thrive Again!

Posted on January 23, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Ann Miller RN MHA CMP™

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http://www.DAVIDEDWARDMARCINKO.com

Dr. David Edward Marcinko works with doctors, nurses, technicians and healthcare professionals who struggle with professional disillusionment, burnout, financial distress and an unbalanced life–all of which can happen at any stage of a medical career. Through our coaching sessions, medical and healthcare professionals can achieve a more meaningful, purposeful, and flourishing life.

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CONTACT: Ann Miller RN MHA CMP

MarcinkoAdvisors@outlook.com

MORE: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/coach/

CONTACT

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PREMATURE CLOSURE: Cognitive Bias

Posted on January 17, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Premature Closure is the tendency to make quick, decisive judgments without considering all the evidence. It’s like jumping to conclusions on a trampoline – fast and often wrong. Our brains crave certainty and dislike ambiguity, leading us to close the case prematurely. This can save time but often results in mistakes and oversights. To avoid premature closure, take a step back, gather more information, and keep an open mind about this cognitive bias.

And so, colleague Dan Ariely PhD suggests that we remember: haste makes waste, especially in decision-making.

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COGNITIVE Dissonance

Posted on January 16, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Cognitive Dissonance is the discomfort experienced when holding conflicting cognitions, like believing in healthy eating while munching on a donut. It’s a mental tug-of-war that makes us squirm.

To reduce this discomfort, we often change our beliefs or behaviors to align them. This is why smokers might downplay the health risks of smoking. Understanding cognitive dissonance helps us recognize these mental gymnastics and strive for consistency in our beliefs and actions.

So, according to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, the next time you feel that mental itch, it’s cognitive dissonance asking for some resolution.

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MUTISM Selective

Posted on January 14, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Selective Mutism: Some people experience selective mutism, a condition where intense trauma or anxiety leaves them temporarily unable to speak. It’s a defense mechanism that shields them from emotional overwhelm. It is characterized by:

  • A person’s inability to speak in certain social settings, even though they are otherwise capable of speech.
  • Triggers for selective mutism can include specific situations, places, or people.
  • People with SM can speak comfortably and communicate well in other settings, such as at home with family.

For many, according to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, this silence is involuntary, reflecting how deeply emotions affect speech.

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BIAS: In-Group Favoritism

Posted on January 14, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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In-group bias refers to the unfair favoring of someone from one’s own group. You might think that you’re unbiased, impartial, and fair, but we all succumb to this bias, having evolved to be this way.

That is, according to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, from an evolutionary perspective, this bias can be considered an advantage—favoring and protecting those similar to you, particularly with respect to kinship and the promotion of one’s own line.

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SUPERSTITIONS: In Medicine?

Posted on January 11, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd

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  • Saying a patient’s name in the emergency room will almost ensure that person comes in that day.
  • A code cart next to an unstable patient is said to ward off evil spirits.
  • Traditional healers usually use superstition in their practices to manage human health problems and diseases.
  • Such practices create a conflict with the medical profession and its evidence-based practices.

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So, what exactly is a Superstition? Does superstition change a measurable patient outcome, such as decreased anastomotic leak rate, surgical site infection, or mortality? Hard to say. But does it improve the surgeon’s confidence, thereby improving their performance? Likely so.

Science is not the opposite of superstition; it is the result of superstition, the result of humans trying to make sense of the world and prove each other wrong. We keep doing the things we do to maintain some semblance of control. In further defense of superstition, ritualistic behaviors ensure that the necessary boxes are checked and that we pay attention to the details. In surgery, details matter.

“Superstition is the irrational belief that an object or behavior has the power to influence an outcome, when there’s no logical connection between them. Most of us aren’t superstitious – but most of us are a ‘littlestitious.’”
– Gretchen Rubin

So, until there is evidence to the contrary, I will keep tearing off the little patient labels and keeping their names with me in hopes that they do well after surgery.

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ADAPTATION Release

Posted on January 11, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Activation due to release from adaptation = Extra activation caused by stimulus change = (Response to the two different stimuli paired together) – (Response to same stimuli presented without the change) E.g. (1/4 + 4/1) – (1/1 + 4/4) To look for adaptation paralleling same/diff perception. Make a contrast weighting each adaptation release value by the subject’s behavioural responses on that part of the same/different curve. Rajeev Raizada – UW MRI talk, Oct

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Release from Adaptation is the joy you feel when something changes after becoming accustomed to it. It’s like the relief of a cool breeze after a hot day. Our brains get used to stimuli, making them less noticeable over time. When there’s a change, it’s like hitting the refresh button on our senses.

This is why, according to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, novelty feels so exciting and routine can become dull. So, inject some variety into your life to keep things fresh and enjoy the small releases from adaptation.

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COMPETITION Paradox

Posted on January 10, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Definition of the Paradox of Competition

The Paradox of Competition refers to the complex and often counterintuitive effects competitive behaviors can have within markets and industries. Generally, competition is seen as a positive force that drives innovation, lowers prices, and improves quality and choice for consumers. However, the paradox lies in the fact that intense competition can sometimes lead to negative outcomes, such as diminished profitability for companies, reduced incentives to innovate, and the potential for a race to the bottom in terms of quality and sustainability.

According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, understanding the nuances of the Paradox of Competition reveals the complexity of market dynamics and the importance of strategic, informed approaches to competition, both from businesses and regulators.

This paradox challenges the conventional wisdom that competition is universally beneficial, highlighting the need for a more nuanced view of how competitive forces shape markets and societies.

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SUSTAINABILITY Defined

Posted on January 9, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Sustainability focuses on meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. There are many different approaches to Sustainability, with motives varying from positive societal impact, to wanting to achieve competitive financial results, or both.

Methods of sustainable investing include active share ownership, integration of ESG factors, thematic investing, impact investing and exclusion among others.

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SMISHING: Beware Scams!

Posted on January 8, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

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Smishing is a form of phishing that uses Short Message Service (SMS), commonly known as text messages, instead of email. Typically, the scammer poses as a legitimate institution, such as a bank, a service provider or a reputed company. The text message they send creates a sense of urgency or threatens consequences if the victim doesn’t respond immediately. It downloads malware on the phone or includes a link to a fraudulent website designed to look like the legitimate organization’s site. When victims reach that site they are tricked into entering their personal information.

Seven Types of Smishing Scams

1. Impersonation Scams: The attacker pretends to be a known organization or individual. The attack could be via a message pretending to be from a bank, government agency or a reputable company.
2. Tech Support Scams: Attackers pose as representatives from tech companies, claiming that the victim’s device or account has been compromised and that they need sensitive data to fix the problem.
3. Account Suspension Scams: These messages claim that an account (bank account, social media or any other service) has been suspended and prompt the victim to verify their identity by providing sensitive information.
4. Missed Delivery Scams: Attackers send messages claiming that the victim has missed a package delivery, and they need to provide personal details or a fee to reschedule the delivery.
5. Prize or Lottery Scams: Messages claiming that the victim has won a prize or a lottery, and they need to provide personal details or make a payment to claim the winnings.
6. Charity Scams: In these attacks, scammers impersonate a charitable organization, asking for donations, usually following a large-scale disaster or during holiday seasons.
7. Malware Link Scams: Messages containing a link, which when clicked, installs malware on the victim’s device, allowing the attacker to steal information or gain control over the device.

Attackers are constantly innovating and finding new ways to exploit human trust, so it’s crucial to be skeptical of any unsolicited or unexpected message that asks for sensitive information or prompts to click a link.

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WILLIAM JEVONS Efficiency Paradox

Posted on January 7, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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William S. Jevons Paradox suggests that increases in efficiency lead to even larger increases in demand; according to colleague Dan Ariely PhD.

The Jevons Paradox is when making something work better actually leads to using more of it, not less.

Imagine you have a really fast bike that makes you use less energy to speed up. Because it’s so good, you want to bike everywhere, even more than before. Now, even though your bike is better at saving energy, you end up using it so much that you may use even more energy overall

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CONFABULATION Bias

Posted on January 6, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Confabulation Bias is the creation of false memories without the intent to deceive. Our brain fills in gaps, sometimes creating memories that feel real but are entirely fabricated.

According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, this can happen especially when memory gaps are subconsciously filled to maintain coherence.

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MORALITY Priming

Posted on January 5, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Morality Priming refers to subtle reminders of ethical principles that can make us behave more responsibly. It’s like an internal nudge that brings our conscience to the surface.

And, according to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, by focusing on moral standards, people are often encouraged to act more honestly, even in small, everyday decisions.

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MAURICE ALLAIS: Behavioral Finance Paradox

Posted on January 5, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Reporters

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For Question 1, people preferred Prospect A to prospect A , which means: (0.11) u( 1,000,000) > (0.10) u( 5,000,000) For Question 2, people preferred Prospect B to prospect B, which means: (0.10) u( 5,000,000) > (0.11) u( 1,000,000) Allais Paradox. shows that, individuals’ decisions can be inconsistent with Expected Utility Theory.

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Allais Paradox is a change in a possible outcome that is shared by different alternatives affects people’s choices among those alternatives, in contradiction with expected utility theory.

The Allais paradox is a choice problem designed by Maurice Allais 1953 to show an inconsistency of actual observed choices with the predictions of expected utility theory theory.

According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, the Allais paradox demonstrates that individuals rarely make rational decisions consistently when required to do so immediately. The independence axiom of expected utility theory, which requires that the preferences of an individual should not change when altering two lotteries by equal proportions, was proven to be violated by the paradox.

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OUTCOME: Bias

Posted on January 3, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Outcome bias is judging a decision based on its result rather than the quality of the decision at the time it was made.

It’s like saying a bad poker play was smart because you won the hand. Or, a bad stock picker or financial advisor was good because the price went up!

According to psychologist and colleague Dan Ariely PhD, this bias ignores the process and focuses solely on the outcome. It’s why we celebrate lucky breaks and criticize thoughtful risks that didn’t pan out.

So, the next time you’re evaluating a decision, focus on the reasoning behind it, not just the end result.

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CULTURE: Donation Dependency

Posted on January 2, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Anonymous

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When you keep donating without thinking it through, people can start relying on those donations more than building their own sustainable solutions. It can feel nice to help, but constant aid might discourage local initiatives. You want people to grow and thrive on their own, not just depend on outside help.

This is known as donation dependency.

Sometimes, consistent aid can become a crutch instead of a stepping stone. Communities may stop exploring ways to solve their own problems if help is always coming in from elsewhere. Encouraging self-reliance is crucial in ensuring your help leads to long-term benefits.

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PARADOXICAL: Persuasion

Posted on December 30, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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QUESTION: Ever tried convincing someone by arguing against your own point?

If so, that’s paradoxical persuasion. It’s like reverse psychology’s sophisticated cousin. By presenting the opposite argument, you make people defend your original point. It’s a mental judo move, using their own momentum against them. Next time you want someone to agree with you, try saying, “You’re right, maybe we shouldn’t get pizza.”

So, according to Dan Ariely PhD, watch as they passionately argue why pizza is, in fact, the best choice for dinner.

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HABITUATION: Repetitive Stimuli

Posted on December 29, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Habituation is your brain’s way of tuning out repetitive stimuli. It’s like background noise – after a while, you stop noticing it. This mental autopilot helps us focus on new and important information, but it can also make us overlook the familiar. It’s why you might not notice a smell in your house that’s obvious to a visitor.

To combat habituation, according to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, try changing up your routine and environment. Fresh experiences keep your brain engaged and alert.


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COGNITIVE BIAS: Envy and Jealousy

Posted on December 28, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Envy / Jealousy: This bias also relates to the contrast and social proof biases.  Prudent financial and business planning and related decision-making are based on real needs followed by desires.  People’s happiness and satisfaction is often based more on one’s position relative to perceived peers rather than an ability to meet absolute needs. 

The strong desire to “keep up with the Jones” can lead people to risk what they have and need for what they want.  These actions can have a disastrous impact on important long-term financial goals. 

According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, clear communication and vivid examples of risks is often needed to keep people focused on important financial goals rather than spurious ones, or simply money alone, for its own sake.

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BACKFIRE: Mind Effect

Posted on December 27, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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The Backfire Effect refers to the strengthening of a belief even after it has been challenged.

Cook and Lewandowsky (2011) explain it very well in the context of changing people’s minds in their Debunking Handbook. The backfire effect may work based on the same foundation as Declinism, in that we do not like change. It is also similar to negativity bias, in that we wish to avoid losing and other negative outcomes—in this case, one’s idea is being challenged or rejected (i.e. perceived as being made out to be “wrong”) and thus, they may hold on tighter to the idea than they had before.

However, according to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, there are caveats to the backfire effect—for example, we also tend to abandon a belief if there’s enough evidence against it with regard to specific facts.

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ICARUS: Business Paradox

Posted on December 26, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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The Icarus Paradox suggests that some businesses bring about their own downfall through their own successes.

The Icarus paradox was coined by Dan Miller in his 1990 book by the same name. The term refers to the phenomenon of businesses failing abruptly after a period of apparent success, where this failure is brought about by the very elements that led to their initial success.

It alludes to Icarus of Greek mythology, who drowned after flying too close to the Sun. The failure of the very wings that allowed him to escape imprisonment and soar through the skies was what ultimately led to his demise, hence the paradox.

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BRUSHING: Beware Holiday Scams!

Posted on December 25, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

DEFINED

By Staff Reporters

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In brushing scams, according to Norton, criminals trick e-commerce platforms into believing you purchased a product, allowing them to post fake verified reviews under your name. These verified reviews increase the product’s visibility on sites like Amazon or eBay. They especially happen during the holiday season.

Here’s how it works:

  1. Information gathering: An unethical business gathers information about you through online sources such as people-search sites, data leaked through reaches, or info bought from an illegal marketplace.
  2. Bogus account creation: The business creates an online shopping account with your information.
  3. Shipment: They send a package to your address with no return address on the label.
  4. Fraudulent review: They write a glowing review in your name for the product they sent you.

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WITNESS Stress Issues

Posted on December 23, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

DEFINED

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Witness Stress is caused by witnessing a traumatic event and can lead to memory issues and confusion, affecting how accurately we remember details. This stress makes eyewitness testimonies more prone to error.

According to colleague Dan Ariily PhD, it highlights the role of stress in memory distortion and why additional support is often necessary for witnesses.

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CHOICE: Overload Paradox

Posted on December 23, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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Choice Overload is the difficulty in making a decision when faced with too many options. It’s like standing in front of an ice cream counter with 31 flavors and feeling paralyzed.

Among personal decision-makers, a prevention focus is activated and people are more satisfied with their choices after choosing among few options compared to many options, i.e. choice overload. However, individuals can also experience a reverse choice overload effect when acting as proxy decision-maker, too.

It is widely accepted that having more choices is inherently positive. When there are more available options from which to choose, an individual is more likely to be able to select the particular option that is the best fit and most likely to satisfy them. Choice is typically thought to be related to personal freedom and enhanced well-being.

Therefore, according to colleague Neal Baum MD, for most individuals the ultimate goal is to constantly maximize their choices in life to increase their overall satisfaction and well-being. The decision-making process, however, is a complex cognitive task that does not always lead to positive outcomes.

Thus, while having options is generally good, too many choices can lead to anxiety and decision fatigue. This is why curated selections and recommendations are so popular – they simplify the decision-making process’ according to another colleague Dan Ariely PhD.

So, when you’re overwhelmed by choices, narrow them down to a manageable number and make your decision easier.

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ULYSSES PACT: Will Power and Self Control

Posted on December 20, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

DEFINED

Staff Reporters

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Taking away a future choice from oneself to avoid anticipated willpower failures.
The present self trying to help the future self resist temptation.

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Ulysses Pact is a commitment made with oneself to accomplish a tough goal by limiting the choice to back out, boosting the chances of success by removing tempting alternatives.

According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, it’s a self-control strategy that’s especially useful for resisting short-term temptations.

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Survivor’s Guilt

Posted on December 19, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Survivor’s Guilt is the feeling of guilt experienced by those who have survived a tragedy when others did not. It’s like winning a lottery you didn’t want to enter. This emotional response can be overwhelming, as survivors question why they lived while others didn’t. It’s a mix of empathy, remorse, and a search for meaning in the randomness of survival.

According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, If you or someone you know is dealing with survivor’s guilt, remember: it’s a natural reaction, and seeking support can help navigate these complex feelings.

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PARADOX: Demographic-Economics

Posted on December 19, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Demographic-Economics Paradox Definition: A nations or sub-populations with higher GDP per capita are observed to have fewer children, even though a richer population can support more children. Dr. Herwig Birg has called this inverse relationship between income and fertility a “demo-economic paradox”.

Cite: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Herwig-Birg

Why? Evolutionary biology predicts that more successful individuals (and by analogy countries) should seek to develop optimum conditions for their life and reproduction.

However, in the last half of the 20th century it has become clear that the economic success of developed countries is being counterbalanced by a demographic failure, a sub-replacement fertility that may prove destructive for their future economies and societies.

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LINGUISTICAL SCIENCE: History and Modern Theory

Posted on December 18, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Theory of Linguistic Sciences

Avram Noam Chomsky is an American professor known for his work in linguistics and political activism. Sometimes called “the father of modern linguistics”, Chomsky is also one of the founders of the field of cognitive science. He is a laureate professor of linguistics at the University of Arizona and an professor emeritus at MIT.

And so, modern linguists today approach their work with scientific rigor and perspective [STEM], although they use methods that were once thought to be solely an academic discipline of the humanities.

Contrary to this belief, linguistics is multidisciplinary. It overlaps each of the human sciences including psychology, neurology, anthropology, and sociology. Linguists conduct formal studies of sound structure, grammar and meaning, but also investigates the history of language families, and research language acquisition.

And, as with other scientists according to linguistical engineer and Professor Mackenzie Hope Marcinko PhD from the University of Delaware [UD], they formulate hypotheses, catalog observations, and work to support explanatory theories, etc.

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Health Information Technology Dictionary

https://www.amazon.com/Dictionary-Health-Information-Technology-Security/dp/0826149952/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254413315&sr=1-5

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MINING: Sympathy on Social Media

Posted on December 17, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

DEFINITION

By Staff Reporters

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Sympathy Mining is the act of exaggerating personal problems to gain sympathy or attention. While it may fulfill a need for validation, it can strain genuine connections.

Someone who deliberately entices others into showing sympathy by utilizing social media with non-descriptive &/or ambiguous statements designed to invite further questioning and therefore garnering sympathy with their reported issue.

According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, over time, onground or online sympathy mining can erode trust, especially if it’s clear that issues are exaggerated.

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LIMERENCE Romantic Attachment Intensity

Posted on December 16, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

VERSUS MERETRICIOUS RELATIONSHIPS

DEFINED

By Staff Reporters

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Limerence is an intense romantic obsession that can feel all-consuming, marked by daydreaming and emotional highs. It’s often mistaken for love, though it may not lead to a lasting relationship.

Limerence is a state of mind resulting from romantic feelings for another person. It typically involves intrustive and melancholic thoughts, or tragic concerns for the object of one’s affection, along with a desire for the reciprocation of one’s feelings and to form a relationship with the object of love.

According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, the focus in limerence is more on idealization than on genuine connection, making it feel overwhelming but often one-sided.

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Meretricious, on the other hand, describes a situation where two people live together in a relationship that resembles marriage but lacks the official legal status of marriage. This means they may share a home, finances, and a life together, but they haven’t gone through the legal process to be recognized as married. This concept is often discussed in family law and property law, especially when these “live-in-lover” relationships come to an end.

When a meretricious relationship ends, it can lead to disputes about how to divide shared property and whether one partner should provide financial support to the other. Courts look at several factors to help decide these issues. For instance, they consider how long the couple has been together, how they managed their finances, and whether they intended to be committed to each other like a married couple. These factors help the court understand the nature of the relationship and the expectations of both parties.

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INCENTIVE BIAS? In Medicine and with Physicians?

Posted on December 12, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

DEFINITION

By Staff Reporters

SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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Incentives: It is broadly accepted that incenting someone to do something is effective, whether it be paying office staff a commissions to sell more healthcare products, or giving bonuses to office employees if they work efficiently to see more HMO patients.  Some experts even suggest there are five specific components1 that should be built into an overall physician incentive program:

  • Appropriate financial incentives.
  • Managed-care efficiency incentives.
  • Group citizenship.
  • Patient satisfaction.
  • Group profitability.

What is not well understood is that the incentives cause a sub-conscious distortion of decision-making ability in the incented person.  This distortion causes the affected person – whether it is yourself or someone else – to truly believe in a certain decision, even if it is the wrong choice when viewed objectively.  Service professionals, including financial advisors and lawyers, are affected by this bias, and it causes them to honestly offer recommendations that may be inappropriate, and that they would recognize as being inappropriate if they did not have this bias. 

According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, the existence of this bias makes it important for each one of us to examine our incentive biases and take extra care when advising physician clients, or to make sure we are appropriately considering non-incented alternatives.

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RICHARD EASTERLIN: Happiness Paradox

Posted on December 11, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Richard Easterlin PhD, Paradox: For countries with income sufficient to meet basic needs, the reported level of happiness does not correlate with national income per person.

According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, one explanation is that my happiness depends on a comparison between my income and my perceptions of the average standard of living. If everyone’s income increases, my increased income gives a short boost to my happiness, since I do not realize that the average standard of living has gone up. Some time later, I realize that the average standard of living has also gone up, so the happiness boost produced by my increased income disappears. It is the contradiction between the point-of-time and time series findings that is the root of the paradox: while there is a correlation at a fixed point, there is no trend over multiple points.

That is, in the short run, everyone perceives increases in income to be correlated with happiness and tries to increase their incomes. However, in the long run, this proves to be an illusion, since everyone’s efforts to raise standards of living lead to increasing averages, leaving everyone in the same place in terms of relative income.

Various theories have been advanced to explain the paradox, but the paradox itself is solely an empirical generalization. The existence of the paradox has been strongly disputed by other researchers.

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MEMORY: Fallible & Impressionable

Posted on December 10, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Memory is Fallible/Memory is Impressionable: This concept refers to the inherent unreliability of human memory and its susceptibility to distortion and manipulation. Memory is not a perfect recording of events; instead, it is reconstructive, meaning that when we recall information, our brains can inadvertently alter or fill in gaps based on existing beliefs, emotions, or narratives. This can lead to the incorporation of false details that align with what we already know or expect to be true, resulting in vivid but inaccurate recollections.

Consequently, according to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, our memories can be influenced by suggestion, context, and social pressures, making them susceptible to biases and inaccuracies, much like a “con man” leading us to believe things that may not reflect reality.

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DOOMSCROLLING & DOOMSURFING: Defined

Posted on December 8, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd

SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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Two years ago, prior to the 2022 election, mental health experts alerted the medical world to their version of an assessment scale for yet another new condition – “doomscrolling.”

As defined by the National Library of Medicine in the article, “Constant exposure to negative news on social media and news feeds could take the form of ‘doomscrolling’ which is commonly defined as a habit of scrolling through social media and news feeds where users obsessively seek for depressing and negative information.”

And so, formally Doomscrolling or doomsurfing is the act of spending an excessive amount of time reading large quantities of news, particularly negative news, on the web and social media. Doomscrolling can also be defined as the excessive consumption of short-form videos or social media content for an excessive period of time without stopping. The concept was coined around 2020, particularly in the context of the COVID pandemic.

Surveys and studies suggest doomscrolling is predominant among youth. It can be considered a form of internet addiction disorder. In 2019, a study by the National Academy of Sciences found that it can be linked to a decline in mental and physical health. Numerous reasons for doomscrolling have been cited, including negativity bias and FOMO [fear of missing out], and attempts at gaining control over uncertainty.

QUERY: What about the roaring stock market, post the 2024 presidential election. Fundamental analysis or FOMO?

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MENTALITY: Mob and Herd … and More!

Posted on December 5, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

MODERN DAY SOCIAL INFLUENCERS

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Mob Mentality can occur in unfamiliar groups, social cues disappear, and behavior becomes influenced by the crowd. Mob mentality shows how people sometimes act in ways they wouldn’t alone, following the group’s lead. According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, this effect can create a loss of personal accountability, leading to behavior that may not align with personal values.

Herd mentality is the tendency for people’s behavior or beliefs to conform to those of the group they belong to. The concept of herd mentality has been studied and analyzed from different perspectives, including biology, psychology and sociology. This psychological phenomenon can have profound impacts on human behavior.

QUESTION: What about social media sites and modern influencers today! So-called celebrity endorsements and political elections, too?

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