DECOY BIAS EFFECT: The Asymmetric Dominance Effect of Choice Manipulation

Posted on April 19, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

A Concept All Financial Advisors, Planners and Insurance Sales Agents Should Know

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Decoy Bias Effect is a dubious phenomenon in decision-making where the introduction of a third, less attractive option (the “decoy”) influences individuals to change their preference between two other options.

The decoy bias effect describes how, when we are choosing between two alternatives, the addition of a third, less attractive option (the decoy) can influence our perception of the original two choices. Decoys are “asymmetrically dominated:” they are completely inferior to one option (the target) but only partially inferior to the other (the competitor). For this reason, the decoy effect is sometimes called the “asymmetric dominance effect.”

EXAMPLE: This bias is commonly used in financial planning sales; as well as marketing and mutual fund, ETF, REIT, stock broker, insurance agent and financial advisor pricing strategies to manipulate investor choices.

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DAILY UPDATE: DJIA Plummets 1,700 Points While NASDAQ & S&P 500 Plunge for Biggest Drop Since 2025

Posted on April 4, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

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Roughly $2.5 trillion was erased from the S&P 500 Index on Thursday amid worries that President Donald Trump’s sweeping new round of tariffs could plunge the economy into a recession. The damage was heaviest in companies whose supply chains are most dependent on overseas manufacturing. Apple Inc., which makes the majority of its US-sold devices in China, fell 9.3%. Lululemon Athletica Inc. and Nike Inc., among companies with manufacturing ties to Vietnam, were both down more than 9%. Target Corp. and Dollar Tree Inc., retailers whose stores are filled with products sourced outside of the US, dropped more than 10%.

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The tech-heavy NASDAQ Composite (^IXIC) led the sell-off, plummeting 6%. The S&P 500 (^GSPC) sank nearly 5%, while the Dow Jones Industrial Average (^DJI) tumbled 4%. The Dow’s 1,700-point drop was the fifth-worst in its history.

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Visualize: How private equity tangled banks in a web of debt, from the Financial Times.

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DAILY UPDATE: Spirit Airlines in Chapter 11 as Nvidia Rises and Target, Lowes & Walmart Highlight Stock Earnings Week

Posted on November 18, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

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Spirit Airlines said Monday it has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection after struggling with losses, growing debt and a failed merger during the post-pandemic travel lull. The company said in a stock market statement that it had secured a prearranged deal with bondholders that includes £300 million in financing to keep it afloat, with the business planning to end its bankruptcy in the first quarter of 2025.

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Analysts are expecting Nvidia, the world’s largest publicly traded company, to show quarterly sales of ~$33 billion, up 10% from the previous quarter and 83% year over year, but they also warn the mind-blowing growth of the chip maker could begin to slow.

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And, reports this week from Walmart, Target, Lowe’s, and other retailers will offer a peek at consumer health.

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DAILY UPDATE: Uber Health, Lyft Healthcare, HHS Cyber Attacks as Markets Swoon

Posted on May 23, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

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Here’s where the major benchmarks ended:

  • The S&P 500 index lost 14.40 points (0.3%) to 5,307.01; the Dow Jones Industrial Average® ($DJI) declined 201.95 points (0.5%) to 39,671.04; the NASDAQ Composite® ($COMP) slipped 31.08 points (0.2%) to 16,801.54.
  • The 10-year Treasury note yield (TNX) rose more than 1 basis point to 4.426%.
  • The CBOE Volatility Index® (VIX) increased 0.43 to 12.29.

Retailer shares were among the market’s weakest performers after Target’s (TGT) quarterly results, released before Wednesday’s open, fell short of expectations. Target shares tumbled 8% after the company reported revenue fell 3% in the first quarter from the year-earlier period. During the company’s earnings call, Target CEO Brian Cornell noted “continued soft trends in discretionary categories” contributed to the revenue decline.

Energy companies were also under pressure after WTI Crude Oil (/CL) futures closed at a three-month low just above $77 per barrel.

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Following a series of high-profile—and costly—cyberattacks against the healthcare industry, the federal government is stepping in with a $50+ million initiative intended to boost hospital cybersecurity, a division of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced on May 20th.

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Uber Health will begin rolling out a new solution designed for caregivers this summer, allowing individuals to add a caregiver to their Uber profile. That caregiver can then see and spend that person’s health benefits on eligible services, request rides to doctors’ appointments or order groceries. In the coming months, Uber Health will be working with Medicare Advantage, Medicaid and commercial plans to offer the solution.

U.S. Sens. Sheldon Whitehouse and Bill Cassidy, M.D., want to reform how primary care providers get paid through Medicare, and they also want to hear from the healthcare industry about the best way to do it. Together, they introduced a bipartisan bill, the Pay PCPs Act (S. 4338), last week to better support and improve pay for high-quality primary care providers. 

And… digital maternal health company Babyscripts announced a partnership with Lyft Healthcare to offer sponsored rides for people who are pregnant or postpartum and face barriers to transportation. The Lyft partnership will identify transportation-insecure patients and offer free rides to in-person appointments in traditional care settings and community-based healthcare services and programs.

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DEFLATION: Another Holiday Surprise?

Posted on December 29, 2023 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Deflation could be arriving this holiday season. Walmart CEO Doug McMillon recently said deflation may be on the horizon, citing a decline in the prices of grocery items such as chicken and eggs. McMillion said that although some items like beef remain expensive, he expects prices on other staples to come down in the coming months.

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It’s the latest welcome news for everyone feeling the squeeze from inflation and rising interest rates.

  • Target Chief Growth Officer Christina Hennington said earlier this week that the average price of basics fell three percentage points between Q2 and Q3.
  • JCPenney announced last month that it planned to keep prices for Black Friday the same or lower than last year.

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DAILY UPDATE: The Markets, Retail Earnings and US Steel

Posted on August 14, 2023 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

.Markets: The market’s rally during the first half of the year has fizzled out this summer despite a greater share of companies beating earnings projections than usual, the WSJ reports. For example, UPS, Apple, and PayPal all topped Wall Street expectations…only to watch shares fall after their reports. Investors suggest it’s a “snap back to reality” moment after market euphoria in H1.

  • Retailers take the earnings stage. Walmart, Home Depot, and Target will give us a peek into consumer spending, which drives two-thirds of the US economy. Americans filling up their shopping carts (despite interest rates rising to a 22-year high) is one of the main reasons those recession predictions haven’t materialized yet.
  • US Steel, a symbol of American industrial might in the early 20th century, is considering selling itself.

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CORPORATE EARNINGS: Review

Posted on May 16, 2023 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Earnings roundup

The following companies are in the earnings pipeline this week:

  • Home Depot is due to release its results for its last fiscal quarter before the market opens Tuesday. Analysts expect the home-improvement chain to report earnings of $3.81 per share, down from $4.09 during the same quarter a year earlier, according to Zacks Investment Research. Home improvement businesses benefited from increased spending on renovations during the pandemic but have struggled as inflation picked up. Home Depot’s shares were down about 0.9% Monday.
  • Target will follow Wednesday, with analysts predicting the big box retailer will report earnings of $1.75 per share, down from $2.19 the year before. Again, investors will be looking to see how Target has dealt with inflation and recession-wary shoppers. Its shares were up more than 1.3%.
  • Walmart wraps up big-retailer week Thursday. Analysts expect the retailer to report earnings of $1.31 per share, a slight improvement from $1.3 a year earlier. Its shares were down about 0.8%.
  • Cisco Systems (CSCO) will report results for the fiscal quarter ended in April on Wednesday. Analysts expect the software company to report earnings of $0.87 per share, up from $0.78 a year before.
  • Two major Chinese tech companies will also report results this week, with Baidu (BIDU) going first before market open Tuesday and Alibaba (BABA) following Thursday.

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Twitter’s New Job Cuts and other Retailer Earnings

Posted on February 27, 2023 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

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Twitter cuts more jobs: Just this past weekend, CEO Elon Musk laid off at least 200 workers from the company, which was about 10% of the ~2,000 employees still left at Twitter. When Musk bought the company last fall, there were roughly 7,500 people working there. Product Manager Esther Crawford was one of those let go—she had been heading up the Twitter Blue verification subscription service

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Other retailers in the spotlight: This week’s slate of earnings is all about retail. Target, Dollar Tree, Macy’s, Kroger, and others will give us an update on American consumer health in this period of ripping inflation.

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