HBCUs and the Production of Doctors

Posted on October 24, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Marybeth Gasman, Tiffany Smith, Carmen Ye, and Thai-Huy Nguyen

Abstract

An important issue facing the world of medicine and health care is the field’s lack of diversity, especially regarding African American doctors. African Americans made up 6% of all physicians in the U.S. in 2008, 6.9% of enrolled medical students in 2013 and 7.3% of all medical school applicants.

The existing literature on the lack of diversity within the medical field emphasizes the role that inclusion would play in closing the health disparities among racial groups and the benefits acquired by African Americans through better patient-doctor interactions and further respect for cultural sensitivity. A large portion of current research regarding Black medical students and education focuses on why minority students do not go into medical school or complete their intended pre-med degrees.

Common notions and conclusions are that many institutions do not properly prepare and support students, who despite drive and desire, may lack adequate high school preparation and may go through additional stress unlike their other peers. Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are institutions that were designed to support African American students by providing an educational learning environment that caters to their unique challenges and cultural understandings. Given that HBCUs have had much success in preparing minority students for STEM fields, and for medical school success more specifically, this article looks at the history of such universities in the context of medical education, their effective practices, the challenges faced by African Americans pursing medical education, and what they can do in the future to produce more Black doctors.

We also highlight the work of Xavier University and Prairie View A&M University, institutions that regularly rank among the top two and top ten producers, respectively, of future African American doctors among colleges and universities.

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READ: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6111265/

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OBEDIENCE: To Authority is “Shocking”

Posted on October 24, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

QUESTION EVERYTHING?

By Staff Reporters

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Question: Why do we follow orders, even when they seem wrong?

According to colleague Dan Ariely PhD, Obedience to Authority is a powerful force, making us do things we wouldn’t normally do. Think of the infamous Milgram experiment, where people shocked others because a guy in a lab coat told them to do so. It’s our brain’s way of outsourcing decision-making to someone else. While it can keep society orderly, it also explains why people sometimes follow questionable orders.

Cite: https://www.simplypsychology.org/milgram.html

Milgram’s experiments posed the question: Would people obey orders, even if they believed doing so would harm another person?

Milgram’s findings suggested the answer was yes, they would. The experiments have long been controversial, both because of the startling findings and the ethical problems with the research. More recently, experts have re-examined the studies, suggesting that participants were often coerced into obeying and that at least some participants recognized that the other person was just pretending to be shocked. Such findings call into question the study’s validity and authenticity, but some replications suggest that people are surprisingly prone to obeying authority.

So, question authority [doctor, financial advisor, accountant, clergy, professor and lawyer, etc] – just not your GPS.

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Understanding the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) in Medicine

Posted on October 24, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

A “New” Clinical Numeric

DR. DAVID EDWARD MARCINKO MBA MEd

This physician-led medical website  http://www.thennt.com/ seeks to explain to patients and physicians how well a particular treatment or medicine is likely to work based on a statistical model called the “Number Needed to Treat.”

Calculation

This is not really a new calculation, as it has been know for many years. In fact, I review and teach it in several of my undergraduate, graduate and business school courses [healthcare administration, statistics, epidemiology, infection control, community, public and population health, etc], and have been doing so for a few years now. My students are always amazed by it.

Brief Definition

The NNT is “a measurement of the impact of a medicine or therapy by estimating the number of patients that need to be treated in order to have an impact on one person.”

Detailed Definition

According to wikipedia; the number needed to treat (NNT) is an epidemiological measure used in assessing the effectiveness of a health-care intervention, typically a treatment with medication. The NNT is the number of patients who need to be treated in order to prevent one additional bad outcome (i.e. the number of patients that need to be treated for one to benefit compared with a control in a clinical trial). It is defined as the inverse of the absolute risk reduction.

The NNT was first described in 1988. The ideal NNT is 1, where everyone improves with treatment and no-one improves with control. The higher the NNT, the less effective is the treatment. Variants are sometimes used for more specialized purposes.

One example is number needed to vaccinate. NNT values are time-specific. For example, if a study ran for 5 years and it was found that the NNT was 100 during this 5 year period, in one year the NNT would have to be multiplied by 5 to correctly assume the right NNT for only the one year period (in the example the one year NNT would be 500).

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_needed_to_treat

Assessment

For more information:

http://www.physiciansnews.com/2010/10/06/new-website-by-docs-shows-data-on-treatment-outcomes/

Conclusion

And so, your thoughts and comments on this ME-P are appreciated. Give em’ a click and tell us what you think http://www.thennt.com? Do you use the concept of NNT in your clinical medical practice; why or why not? Feel free to review our top-left column, and top-right sidebar materials, links, URLs and related websites, too. Then, subscribe to the ME-P. It is fast, free and secure.

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DAILY UPDATE: Inflation Calm but Stock Markets Down

Posted on October 24, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

MEDICAL EXECUTIVE-POST – TODAY’S NEWSLETTER BRIEFING

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Essays, Opinions and Curated News in Health Economics, Investing, Business, Management and Financial Planning for Physician Entrepreneurs and their Savvy Advisors and Consultants

“Serving Almost One Million Doctors, Financial Advisors and Medical Management Consultants Daily“

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Quote: “It looks like the global battle against inflation has largely been won, even if price pressures persist in some countries. In most countries, inflation is now hovering close to central bank targets…The decline in inflation without a global recession is a major achievement.”—IMF (CNN Business)

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STOCKS UP

  • Spirit Airlines is back from the dead, soaring 46.67% on a Wall Street Journal report that it may end up merging with Frontier Airlines after all. Frontier Airlines rose 0.76% on the news.
  • AT&T climbed 4.65% after it beat earnings expectations in the third quarter, though it missed on revenue.
  • Starbucks fell hard late yesterday but recovered a bit this afternoon after new CEO Brian Niccol said the coffee chain is suspending its 2025 fiscal outlook. Shares rose 0.86% today.
  • Stride Technology sprinted 39.11% higher after the education technology company absolutely crushed earnings expectations.

STOCKS DOWN

  • Coca-Cola fizzled 2.07% after beating both top and bottom line expectations. The problem is that the only reason the soda giant performed well was because it raised prices, while demand for soft drinks slowed.
  • Enphase Energy plummeted 14.92% after the solar stock missed on both earnings and revenue expectations last quarter.
  • Boeing is a very familiar name in the “What’s down” section, and its latest earnings report did nothing to help. The manufacturing giant notched a $6 billion loss last quarter, and shares fell 1.76%.

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Here’s where the major benchmarks ended:

  • The SPX fell 53.78 points (–0.92%) to 5,797.42; the Dow Jones Industrial Average® ($DJI) lost 409.94 points (–0.96%) to 42,514.95; and the NASDAQ Composite ($COMP) dropped 296.47 points (–1.60%) to 18,276.65.
  • The 10-year Treasury note yield gained four basis points to 4.24%. 
  • The CBOE Volatility Index® (VIX) jumped to 19.37.

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Visualize: How private equity tangled banks in a web of debt, from the Financial Times.

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