RISK MANAGEMENT TERMS: All Financial Advisors Should Know

By Staff Reporters

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Authentication:

The verification of the identity of an individual, system, machine, or any other unique entity

Authorization:

The process of allowing access to specific areas of a system based on the role and needs of the user

Committee Charter:

A document that defines the purposes and responsibilities of the oversight committee

Compliance Risk Profile:

The current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from violations of or nonconformance with laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices, internal policies and procedures, or ethical standards

Control Assessment:

A high-level review and analysis of controls relating to a process; should encompass both current and missing controls

Controls:

Methods that preserve the integrity of important information, meet operational or financial targets, and/or communicate management policies (See also: Key Control, Secondary Control, Tertiary Control)

ERM Policy Statement:

Defines an organization’s approach to and method of enterprise risk management

Governance:

Processes and structures implemented to communicate, manage, and monitor organizational activities

Impact:

The influence and effect of a risk

Inherent Risk:

Risk that is inherent to a process, taking into consideration the likelihood and impact of a risk

Key Control:

A primary control that is essential for a business process; typically takes place during the process it applies to

Key Indicators:

Measurements that are important for organizations to monitor for potential issues; examples include key performance indicators (KPIs) and key risk indicators (KRIs)

Key Performance Indicator (KPI):

A measurement with a defined set of goals and tolerances that gauges the performance of an important business activity

Key Risk Indicator (KRI):

A proactive measurement for future and emerging risks that indicates the possibility of an event that adversely affects business activities

Likelihood:

The probability of a risk occurring

Mitigation Actions:

The necessary steps, or action items, to reduce the likelihood and/or impact of a potential risk

Operation Risk Profile:

1) The risk arising from the execution of an organization’s business processes;
2) The risk of loss resulting from failed or inadequate internal processes, systems, people, or other entities

Price Risk Profile:

The risk to earning or capital arising from adverse changes in portfolio values

Process:

1) The principle elements of essential business functions within work groups or business units;
2) A set of tasks completed by business continuity plan owners within a department

Reputation Risk Profile:

The current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from negative public opinion or perception

Residual Risk:

Risk remaining after considering the existing control environment

Risk:

A potential event or action that would have an adverse effect on the organization

Risk Appetite:

A statement that broadly considers the risk levels that management deems acceptable

Risk Assessment:

The prioritization of potential business disruptions based on the impact and likelihood of occurrence; includes an analysis of threats based on the impact to the organization, its customers, and financial markets

Risk Tolerance:

A metric that sets the acceptable level of variation around organizational objectives and provides assurance that the organization remains within its risk appetite

Secondary Control:

An important control that typically takes place after the process it applies to (i.e., reporting or ongoing monitoring)

Strategic Risk Profile:

The current and prospective risk to earnings or capital raising from adverse business decisions, improperly implemented decisions, or lack of responsiveness to industry changes

Tertiary Control:

A non-essential control that can still be applied effectively to a business process

Velocity:

The time it takes a risk event to manifest itself

Vulnerability:

An entity’s susceptibility to a risk event as determined by the entity’s preparedness, agility, and adaptability

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EDUCATION: Books

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How Investment Banking Works for Corporations

By Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd

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SPONSOR: http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

Investment bankers are not really bankers at all. The fact that the word banker appears in the name is partially responsible for the false impressions that exist in the medical community regarding the functions they perform.

For example, they are not permitted to accept deposit, provide checking accounts, or perform other activities normally construed to be commercial banking activities. An investment bank is simply a firm that specializes in helping other corporations obtain money they need under the most advantageous terms possible. When it comes to the actual process of having securities issued, the corporation approaches an investment banking firm, either directly, or through a competitive selection process and asks it to act as adviser and distributor.

MORE: https://www.amazon.ca/Management-Liability-Insurance-Protection-Strategies/dp/1498725988

Investment bankers, or under writers, as they are sometimes called, are middlemen in the capital markets for corporate securities. The corporation requiring the funds discusses the amount, type of security to be issued, price and other features of the security, as well as the cost to issuing the securities. All of these factors are negotiated in a process known as negotiated underwriting. If mutually acceptable terms are reached, the investment banking firm will be the middle man through which the securities are sold to the general public. Since such firms have many customers, they are able to sell new securities, without the costly search that individual corporations may require to sell its own security.

Thus, although the firm in need of additional capital must pay for the service, it is usually able to raise the additional capital at less expense through the use of an investment banker, than by selling the securities itself. The agreement between the investment banker and the corporation may be one of two types. The investment bank may agree to purchase, or underwrite, the entire issue of securities and to re-offer them to the general public. This is known as a firm commitment.

When an investment banker agrees to underwrite such a sale; it agrees to supply the corporation with a specified amount of money. The firm buys the securities with the intention to resell them. If it fails to sell the securities, the investment banker must still pay the agreed upon sum.

Thus, the risk of selling rests with the underwriter and not with the company issuing the securities.

INVESTMENT BANKING: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2024/04/17/understanding-tnvestment-banking-rules-securities-markets-brokerage-accounts-margin-and-debt/

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The alternative agreement is a best efforts agreement in which the investment banker makes his best effort to sell the securities acting on behalf of the issuer, but does not guarantee a specified amount of money will be raised. When a corporation raises new capital through a public offering of stock, one might inquire where the stock comes from. The only source the corporation has is authorized, but previously un-issued stock. Anytime authorized, but previously un-issued stock (new stock) is issued to the public, it is known as a primary offering.

If it’s the very first time the corporation is making the offering, it’s also known as the Initial Public Offering (IPO). Anytime there is a primary offering of stock, the issuing corporation is raising additional equity capital.

A secondary offering, or distribution, on the other hand, is defined as an offering of a large block of outstanding stock. Most frequently, a secondary offering is the sale of a large block of stock owned by one or more stockholders. It is stock that has previously been issued and is now being re-sold by investors. Another case would be when a corporation re-sells its treasury stock.

STOCK BROKERS: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2024/09/04/understanding-traditional-full-service-brokers/

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EDUCATION: Books

SPEAKING: Dr. Marcinko will be speaking and lecturing, signing and opining, teaching and preaching, storming and performing at many locations throughout the USA this year! His tour of witty and serious pontifications may be scheduled on a planned or ad-hoc basis; for public or private meetings and gatherings; formally, informally, or over lunch or dinner. All medical societies, financial advisory firms or Broker-Dealers are encouraged to submit an RFP for speaking engagements: CONTACT: Ann Miller RN MHA at MarcinkoAdvisors@outlook.com -OR- http://www.MarcinkoAssociates.com

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SERIES #7 EXAM: General Securities Representative Qualification

By A. I. and FINRA

SPONSOR: http://www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org

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The Series 7 exam — the General Securities Representative Qualification Examination (GS) — assesses the competency of an entry-level registered representative to perform their job as a general securities representative.

The exam measures the degree to which each candidate possesses the knowledge needed to perform the critical functions of a general securities representative, including sales of corporate securities, municipal securities, investment company securities, variable annuities, direct participation programs, options and government securities.

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Candidates must pass the Securities Industry Essentials (SIE) exam and the Series 7 exam to obtain the General Securities Representative registration.

For more information about the SIE and Series 7 exams, refer to FINRA Rule 1210 and FINRA Rule 1220(b)(2).

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EDUCATION: Books

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