Why PACs Won’t Jeopardize a Hospital’s Tax Exempt Status?

According to IRS Private Letter Ruling

By http://www.garfunkelwild.com/

Recently, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) issued a private letter ruling (the “Ruling”) that will allow the requesting tax-exempt hospital to establish and operate a social welfare organization as a means of engaging in political activities and establishing a larger presence in the political arena. The Ruling concluded that these actions will not jeopardize the hospital’s tax-exempt status under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (“IRC”) § 501(c)(3). Pursuant to IRC § 501(c)(3), a corporation organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, literary or educational purposes is exempt from federal income taxes, provided that its net earnings do not inure to the benefit of a private individual and a substantial part of its activities do not involve lobbying or related political conduct.

The Requesting Hospital

The requesting hospital is a comprehensive regional, integrated health care system that has qualified as a tax-exempt, charitable organization (the “Hospital”).  Currently, the Hospital conducts an insubstantial amount of lobbying through its government affairs department (the “Department”), in an effort to improve the cost efficiency of health care services. The Ruling serves to permit the Hospital to take a more active role in the political arena, through the formation of a separate, non-profit social welfare organization (the “Organization”) that will, in turn, establish two independent political action committees (collectively “PACs”).

Social welfare organizations are tax-exempt entities that are designed to promote the general welfare of the community. See IRC § 501(c)(4).  Social welfare organizations may conduct political campaign activities and establish political organizations, as long as political campaigning is not the primary activity. Reg. § 1.501(c)(4)-1(a)(2)(ii).  Accordingly, in order for the Hospital to create the Organization, the IRS requires that the Organization (a) remain independent from the Hospital and (b) apply for tax-exempt status as a social welfare organization.  Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the Hospital proposed that it would remain the sole voting member of the Organization, and that the majority of the Organization’s Board of Directors would be officers, directors or employees of the Hospital.  The IRS permitted the Hospital to act accordingly, provided the Hospital complied with the IRS requirements set forth in this Legal Alert, and expanded upon in the Ruling.

More on the Private Ruling

The Ruling permitted the Organization to establish two PACs for the purpose of accepting contributions from, or making expenditures to, a political candidate or party.  See IRC § 527(e). As part of its analysis, the IRS concluded that the PACs, Organization and Hospital must operate independently, in order to ensure that the political activities of the Organization and the PACs would not be attributed to the Hospital and would not impact the Hospital’s tax-exempt status.  To comply with the Ruling, the PACs must maintain separate bank accounts and records, as well as separate addresses and phone numbers.  In addition, any leasing or sharing of employees, goods or services among the Hospital, Organization and PACs must be conducted at arms-length.

Assessment

Furthermore, the Ruling concluded that the Hospital may establish and operate a voluntary payroll deduction plan permitting Hospital employees to make political contributions through the PACs.  The Ruling provided that political contributions by employees of the Hospital will not impact the tax-exempt status of the Hospital, as long as the Hospital does not influence the employees’ choices regarding contribution.

Editor’s Note

Please note that this Private Letter Ruling is limited to the facts at issue, and should not be relied upon by anyone other than the Hospital.

Conclusion

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Tax Exempt Hospitals Granted IRS Filing Delay

Recent Developments on Form 990 and Schedule H

By Children’s Home Society of Florida Foundation

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In Announcement 2011-20; 2011-10 IRB 1 (23 Feb 2011), the IRS granted a three-month automatic filing extension for most tax-exempt hospitals.

Form 990 and Schedule H

Following the development of a new Form 990 Return for Charitable Organizations, the IRS published a comprehensive Schedule H for medical centers. With the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, both the IRS and many medical centers need additional time to properly prepare for filing of Form 990 with the Schedule H for medical centers.

As a result, the IRS indicates that the earliest permitted filing date for tax-exempt medical centers filing Form 990 and Schedule H will be July 1, 2010. This is the earliest filing date whether the filing is in paper form or electronic format.

Filing Extension Form 8868

For those medical centers with return due dates before August 15, 2011, there is an automatic three-month extension of time to file. This extension is available without filing Form 8868, Application for Extension of Time to File an Exempt Organization Return.

However, there may be new organizations that have not filed Form 990 Schedule H for tax year 2009. In this case, they may choose to file Form 8868 to clarify their intention to extend the deadline. If a medical center requires an additional three months to file, then it should file Form 8868.

Assessment

Finally, for those medical centers that qualify for this automatic extension, there will be no penalty if they file within the additional three-month period.

Conclusion

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About Tax-Exempt Hospital Debt

Understanding the Capital Formation Process

By Calvin W. Wiese CPA MBA

www.HealthcareFinancials.com

Tax exempt debt has become an important means of external financing for hospitals, primarily because its cost is very attractive. Interest rates on tax-exempt financing are lower than interest rates on financing that is not tax-exempt because the interest income earned by the holders is exempt from federal income tax. In some states, it is also exempt from state income tax and in some cities; it is also exempt from city income tax. Accordingly, the holders of these debt instruments (usually bonds) are willing to accept lower rates of interest.

State and Local Governments Issue Hospital Debt

Hospitals themselves are not capable of issuing tax-exempt debt. Only state and local governments are. A state or local government issues tax-exempt debt for hospitals and then loans the proceeds to hospitals. This is called “conduit” financing: the state or local government acts as a conduit through which hospitals can access tax-exempt debt markets. State and local governments are authorized to loan proceeds of their bond issues to hospitals through state statutes, and each state statute is different. Some states authorize any state or local government to issue bonds to loan to hospitals. Other states restrict such power to special purpose governmental entities only. And some states restrict this power to a single governmental entity that is specially formed for the sole purpose of issuing tax-exempt bonds on behalf of hospitals.

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The IRS and Tax Exempt Financing

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) regulates the issuance of tax-exempt financing. While the IRS code nominally provides that debt instruments issued by state and local governments are exempt from federal income tax, it imposes special rules on conduit issues. Therefore, tax-exempt issues whose proceeds are loaned to hospitals must comply with special IRS rules. Although very complex, these rules primarily regulate the use of proceeds, restricting the use of tax-exempt proceeds to the acquisition of property, plant components and equipment. Given state statutes, IRS code and applicable security laws (both state and federal), issuing tax-exempt bonds is legally complex. Many lawyers get paid handsome fees every time tax-exempt debt is issued. The quarterback of the legal team is the bond counsel who represents the interests of the bondholders; the bond counsel issues the critical tax opinion that investors rely upon to claim tax-exemption on the interest from these instruments. Everything revolves around getting this opinion. Given its’ critical nature, only highly qualified lawyers are accepted by the market to provide this opinion. Underwriter’s counsel represents the interests of the investment bankers; their primary concern is compliance with security laws. Issuer’s counsel represents the interests of the state or local government, and hospital counsel represents the interests of the hospital; both have relatively minor roles. In the event credit enhancement is involved, credit enhancement counsel represents their interests and has significant influence on the process.

Bond Trustees

Another unique party to most tax-exempt bond issues is the bond trustee. The bond trustee is usually a bank who performs a fiduciary duty on behalf of the bond holders throughout the life of the bonds. The face of the faceless bond holders, they act on their behalf. And they, too, are represented by counsel in the bond issuance process. State or local government typically appoints bond counsel. In many cases, they work with only a single firm. Not unusually, these relationships are quite cozy, and often result in fees being paid that are well in excess of what otherwise would be paid.

The Indenture

An excess of documents is involved in most tax-exempt financings. The heart of the documents is the indenture, which is the agreement between the bond trustee (on behalf of the bond holders) and the state or local government issuer. It contains the promises made to the bond holders, and it describes the work of the bond trustee. The bond trustee will only perform actions on behalf of bond holders that are explicitly set forth in the bond indenture. The bond indenture is the security given to the bond holders, describing all their recourses.

Assessment

The bond indenture is typically supported by the loan agreement between the state or local government that issues the bonds and the hospital to which the proceeds are loaned. Its terms complement the terms of the bond indenture, which together, form the conduit.

Conclusion

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Capital Sources for Hospitals

Understanding the Liquidity Crunch -with- Publisher’s Interview

By Calvin W. Weise; MBA, CMA, CPA

www.HealthcareFinancials.com

HO-JFMS-CD-ROMHospital are struggling in the current financial crisis, and like most of us, liquidity is scarce. In general, hospitals have three sources of capital: equity from earnings, equity from donations, and long-term debt.

 

 

Equity from Earnings

Earnings generate cash, and a portion of that cash is available to fund capital investments. Besides funding capital investments, cash generated from earnings is used to fund working capital. As operations grow, more working capital is required to fund the difference between the operating receivables and operating payables since days of revenue in receivables tend to be a good deal higher than days of expense in payables. Additionally, cash on hand should increase as operations grow so that days of cash remain constant or increase. Once working capital has been adequately funded, any remaining cash generated from earnings is available to invest in capital.

Donations

Most not-for-profit hospitals engage in active fundraising to generate donations. Donations are a good source of capital in certain markets. Often, fundraising initiatives are less useful than they appear due to the costs expended in the fundraising activities. It is important to ensure that all the costs incurred in fundraising activities are properly attributed.

Long-Term Debt

Borrowing long-term debt has been an important source of capital for hospitals and will continue to be. Debt is particularly attractive due to the low cost associated with borrowing on a tax-exempt basis. Long-term debt, borrowed on a tax-exempt basis, is probably the lowest cost form of capital available to hospitals. Tax-exempt borrowing is fairly complex due to the tax regulations affecting it. Because of its complexity, the costs associated with these transactions are quite high, making it less practical for small borrowings.

Assessment

Tax-exempt borrowing transactions require many lawyers and high-priced investment bankers. Credit rating agencies and credit enhancers are also typically involved. Accessing the tax-exempt markets requires a good bit of sophistication and expertise. Despite these requirements, this capital is highly attractive to hospitals and should be used whenever possible.

Interview

Read: Dr. David Edward Marcinko’s recent interview on the current status of hospitals.

Link [unedited version]: https://healthcarefinancials.wordpress.com/2009/04/01/medical-news-of-arkansas-interviews-dr-marcinko/?preview=true&preview_id=9094&preview_nonce=d9039cf076

Link [edited version]: http://www.arkansasmedicalnews.com/news.php?viewStory=738dem2

Conclusion

And so, your thoughts and comments on this Medical Executive-Post are appreciated. What is the financial status of your hospital, today? How has the cash flow crisis affected it; and your practice? Feel free to review our top-left column, and top-right sidebar materials, links, URLs and related websites, too. Then, be sure to subscribe to the ME-P. It is fast, free and secure.

 

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