PHILOSOPHY: Five Major Branches

Posted on August 31, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By A.I.

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Philosophy (‘love of wisdom’) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its methods and assumptions.

Philosophy is broadly divided into several main branches that explore fundamental questions about reality, knowledge, ethics, logic, and values, each addressing different aspects of human thought and existence.

STOIC: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2022/11/20/stoic-the-philosophy-of-knowing-and-doing/

Major Branches of Philosophy

  1. Metaphysics
    This branch explores the nature of reality and existence. It addresses questions about what things exist, the nature of objects and their properties, time and space, causality, and the mind-body relationship.
  2. Epistemology
    Epistemology studies knowledge and belief. It concerns how we know what we know, the nature and limits of knowledge, justification, and skepticism.
  3. Ethics (Moral Philosophy)
    Ethics examines what is right and wrong, good and bad. It investigates moral values, principles, and theories about how people ought to act and what constitutes a good life.
  4. Logic
    Logic deals with the rules of correct reasoning. It studies principles of valid inference, argument structure, deduction, and induction, enabling critical thinking and sound judgment.
  5. Aesthetics
    This branch explores questions related to beauty, art, and taste. It considers what constitutes aesthetic value and how art influences human experience.
PODCAST: What is Epistemic Ambivalence?

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EMBRACING Stock Market Stoicism

Posted on January 19, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Vitaliy Katsenelson CFA

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Embracing Stock Market Stoicism 

2024 brought me back to a core Stoic principle that I hold close to my heart: the dichotomy of control. Here’s the gist: Some things are within our power—our values, our character, our decisions—and some aren’t—like your brother-in-law’s random (and possibly dumb) comment, your spouse’s mood, or the fact that every traffic light turns red right as you pull up.

In investing, it’s the same. We can control:

  • The quality of our research—being logical and thorough in our research
  • Our decisions and discipline—systematically following our research
  • Our reactions—how we react to the news and external environmental pressure (I will discuss this at the end of the letter)

The market can price our stocks however it pleases on a month-to-month—or even year-to-year—basis. That’s the part we can’t control. We have to remember that these market prices are merely opinions, not final verdicts. The Stoics teach us to focus our energy on what we can influence (our process) and accept what we can’t (the market’s whims).

This probably sounds straightforward, but there’s a twist that makes it harder for you, the client, to see how this all plays out in real time. You can easily check the portfolio’s value—my decisions, not so much. In theory, I could make subpar investments and hide behind fancy Stoic talk.

That’s exactly the why of these very detailed letters: to show you our thinking, walk you through our individual decisions. I write, you read—that’s our agreement. You’re the judge of whether my process makes sense. But I can’t do that part for you.

CONTINUE READING: https://investor.fm/embracing-stock-market-stoicism/?mc_cid=25f3bd9eb4&mc_eid=7a63a03234

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