BOARD CERTIFICATION EXAM STUDY GUIDES Lower Extremity Trauma
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Posted on October 10, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
DEFINITIONS
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Difference between Paradox and Oxymoron
According to Mackenzie Marcinko PhD, many people tend to confuse a paradox with an oxymoron, and it’s not hard to see why. Most oxymoron examples appear to be compressed version of a paradox, in which it is used to add a dramatic effect and to emphasize contrasting thoughts. Although they may seem greatly similar in form, there are slight differences that set them apart.
A paradox consists of a statement with opposing definitions, while an oxymoron combines two contradictory terms to form a new meaning. But because an oxymoron can play out with just two words, it is often used to describe a given object or idea imaginatively.
As for a paradox, the statement itself makes you question whether something is true or false. It appears to contradict the truth, but if given a closer look, the truth is there but is merely implied.
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The Medical Executive-Post is a news and information aggregator and social media professional network for medical and financial service professionals. Feel free to submit education content to the site as well as links, text posts, images, opinions and videos which are then voted up or down by other members. Comments and dialog are especially welcomed. Daily posts are organized by subject. ME-P administrators moderate the activity. Moderation may also conducted by community-specific moderators who are unpaid volunteers.
Posted on May 19, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
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GENDER
Gender is a subclass within a grammatical class (such as noun, pronoun, adjective, or verb) of a language that is partly arbitrary but also partly based on distinguishable characteristics (such as shape, social rank, manner of existence, or sex) and that determines agreement with and selection of other words or grammatical forms.
Gender paradox: Women conform more closely than men to socio-linguistics norms that are overtly prescribed, but conform less than men when they are not.
Gender-equality paradox: Countries which promote gender equality tend to have less gender balance in some fields.
The Medical Executive-Post is a news and information aggregator and social media professional network for medical and financial service professionals. Feel free to submit education content to the site as well as links, text posts, images, opinions and videos which are then voted up or down by other members. Comments and dialog are especially welcomed. Daily posts are organized by subject. ME-P administrators moderate the activity. Moderation may also conducted by community-specific moderators who are unpaid volunteers.
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of the mind and cognition. According to linguistics Professor Mackenzie H. Marcinko PhD, it combines various aspects from neuroscience, computer science, psychology, philosophy, linguistics, anthropology, and other fields, into a comprehensive study on the nature of intelligence.
Linguistics is the scientific study of language and its structure, including the study of morphology, syntax, phonetics, and semantics. Specific branches of linguistics include sociolinguistics, dialectology, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, historical-comparative linguistics and applied linguistics.
Now, language and linguistics are closely related fields of study but they have distinct focuses.
Language refers to the system of communication used by humans, encompassing spoken, written, and signed forms. It is a means of expressing thoughts, ideas, and emotions.
On the other hand, linguistics is the scientific study of language itself. It examines the structure, sounds, meaning, and evolution of languages, as well as how they are acquired and used by individuals and communities.
While language is a broader concept that encompasses various forms of communication, linguistics delves into the intricate details and mechanics of language, aiming to understand its underlying principles and patterns.
Posted on April 24, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters and Lawrence Rosenberg
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Cold calling is a term that is typically applied to telesales, but most new business relationships actually begin with a “cold” contact of some kind. Whether through social media, email over the phone or door-to-door, “cold calling” lives up to its name; you are contacting prospects (hopefully decision makers) sans introduction and without warning. In some, if not many cases, you will be presenting to customers who have never heard of you, your firm, or your product/service prior to you getting a hold of them. You will also find yourself coming up against the palace guards (secretaries and personal assistants) whose most important job is to run interference for the boss and thwart any and all attempts that an unfamiliar caller might make to reach them. But, as the sales game will readily teach anyone with the fortitude to last long enough to learn the lesson, the more resistance one faces in the pursuit of a successful outcome, the bigger the payoff will be if one can muster the grit necessary to tough it out.
However difficult the road to riches, cold calling allows for a complete leveling of the playing field. Those that sweep the streets could tomorrow talk with billionaires; a man of little status or worth could enter into a contract with the founder of a blue chip, multinational firm — all with a single, unexpected phone call. The sheer daring of such an approach, its impromptu nature, works for so many reasons, not least of which is that it opens doors. From the intrigue and urgency the suddenness of the call implies, to the instant access a bold overture provides, cold calling is the great equalizer among executives, and a path to achievement open to all, no matter one’s experience, education or connections. Not that there ever were any truly insurmountable barriers to climbing the corporate ladder or accessing its highest rungs that a motivated self-starter could not overcome, but with the advent of the telephone and the brashness of the cold sell perfected, the most entrenched and frustrating of impediments, bureaucracy and fraternalism, ceased to be an obstacle. Yesteryear’s power elite traditionally only did business with friends, acquaintances and family (or perhaps a member of their local country club or lodge), but at the very least, those that connected in business were routinely introduced through a referral. However, the audacity of the unscheduled contact, the inspired notion of a “cold call,” and the realization that it worked, that a person of great esteem or importance was willing to do business with an unusually forward individual, made the glad-handing salesman who relied on his father’s rolodex obsolete.
With ivory towers toppled, etiquette overturned and tradition tossed out, ambitious men ignored propriety and custom and cold canvassed the board of directors and senior executive staff of companies both large and small. The old boy’s network, favoritism, and the “it’s not what you know, but who you know” principle of doing business crumbled in one fell swoop. The ramparts guarded by all manner of gatekeepers and middle men were trampled the moment the CEO became connected by wires to the outside world. Using nothing more than a telephone, a Horatio Alger-type work ethic and a well-rehearsed voice, the business world was invaded by those without patronage, underdogs and unknowns swarmed the gates. The cold call allowed the unfiltered, unapproved spirit of the upstart, unfettered by lackeys and administrators, to enter the inner sanctum of a chieftain and with the power of speech alone, win hearts and minds.
But, can one’s voice really move mountains? Must one not support the message with documentation and material, nurture relationships with lunches and meetings and personally shake hands to set the wheels of industry in motion? Is one unannounced, unsolicited, unscreened call enough?
The human voice is the master manipulator of sound and when paired with the right words it has a potent and intoxicating effect on behavior. Although some people react more favorably to stimulation of the other five senses, sound on its own can evoke them all. Those that study the science of suggestion will note the immense influence of other stimuli, such as that which affects sight and sensation, on how we make sense of our experiences, on how we make decisions, but it is the way in which such sensory bias is communicated (via the written word, and more powerfully, through speech) that truly tells the tale. The combination to unlocking the interests of many a man’s mind are often verbalized in the common yet telling replies to intriguing, thought provoking questions or action demanding requests.
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It is all a matter of deciphering the code, the clue-laden language:
“What you said really touched me.”
“I see the light!”
“You can smell his fear.”
“Let’s give that guy a taste of his own medicine.”
“You are coming across loud and clear.”
The way in which we describe our observations provides the key to how we interpret data, how that data impacts us, and through what primary pathway we process such information. It is our use of language that exposes how we perceive the world around us, how the gears of our minds are moved, and which of the five senses most effectively winds the springs that turn them.
Many times a prospect will request to have a look at your proposition in writing before moving forward, others will react positively based solely on their impression. Some say seeing is believing, but if it soundsexciting and beneficial, they will take action regardless because it just feels right.
All our senses come alive when the brain is stimulated, some more than others depending on the man and the moment, but the terms, phrases and idioms that we use when speaking (their quality, nuance and character) and the way in which they are expressed, have the power to move us in life-changing ways — the spoken word, when used properly, can play us like a piano.
Whether impacted more by sight, olfaction or incitement of the somatosensory system (the way things feel physically), one can induce the imagery and kinesthesia necessary to motivate and influence a prospect from afar with voice alone. Provocative descriptions, the proper use of tone and inflection, and the strategic interweaving of silence (of which sometimes nothing can be more deafening or exert more pressure) can activate or set in motion all manner of action. Practiced speech can lighten the heaviest heart or wrest tears from the coldest stare, it can conjure up a dream state or snap you back to reality. Never underestimate what a skillful performer can do with the right vocabulary and properly trained vocals. Charlton Heston could inspire awe, Orson Welles conjure intrigue, and Luciano Pavarotti demand devotion with nothing more than the weight and timbre of their words.
You too can affect people, positions and outcomes with sonant spirit and verbal substance. Invest in the greatest tool for success a deal maker has, your lexicon, your locution and your delivery.
Avram Noam Chomsky is an American professor known for his traditional work in linguistics and political activism. Sometimes called “the father of modern linguistics”, Chomsky is also one of the founders of the field of cognitive science. He is a laureate professor of linguistics at the University of Arizona and an professor emeritus at MIT.
And so, modern linguists today approach their work with scientific rigor and perspective [STEM], although they use methods that were once thought to be solely an academic discipline of the humanities.
Contrary to this humanitarian belief, according to Professor Mackenzie Hope Marcinko PhD of the University of Delaware, linguistics is now multidisciplinary. It overlaps each of the human sciences including psychology, neurology, anthropology, and sociology. Linguists conduct formal studies of sound structure, grammar and meaning, but also investigate the history of language families, and research language acquisition.
Posted on December 18, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
By Staff Reporters
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Theory of Linguistic Sciences
Avram Noam Chomsky is an American professor known for his work in linguistics and political activism. Sometimes called “the father of modern linguistics”, Chomsky is also one of the founders of the field of cognitive science. He is a laureate professor of linguistics at the University of Arizona and an professor emeritus at MIT.
And so, modern linguists today approach their work with scientific rigor and perspective [STEM], although they use methods that were once thought to be solely an academic discipline of the humanities.
Contrary to this belief, linguistics is multidisciplinary. It overlaps each of the human sciences including psychology, neurology, anthropology, and sociology. Linguists conduct formal studies of sound structure, grammar and meaning, but also investigates the history of language families, and research language acquisition.
And, as with other scientists according to linguistical engineer and Professor Mackenzie Hope Marcinko PhD from the University of Delaware [UD], they formulate hypotheses, catalog observations, and work to support explanatory theories, etc.
Posted on June 25, 2019 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™
Word Play, Anyone?
[By staff reporters]
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A portmanteau or portmanteau word is a linguistic blend of words, in which parts of multiple words, or their phones (sounds), and their meanings are combined into a new word.
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Originally, the word “portmanteau” refers to a suitcase that opens into two equal sections.