Understanding CPT® Code Payment Components

Determinations More Complex than Most Believe

By Staff Reporters

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Currently, there are more than 10,000 physician services designated by the current procedural terminology (CPT®) or healthcare common procedure coding system (HCPCS) codes.  Each reflects the three major cost drivers of a particular procedure:

  • Physician work effort or the relative value unit (RVUw) of medical providers’ work efforts, pre-service, intra-service and post-service time.

Patients may exhibit anxiety when examined orduring procedures resulting in the need for additional timeand effort by the physician to respond to and prepare for the examination or procedure. This uniformly adds moretime and stress to the pre-service and intra-service period as doctors respond to constantly changing behavior, questionsand level of cooperation in varying specialties.  Follow-up communicationwith employers, family, friends and concerned others requires increased post-service times.

  • Practice expenses (RVUpe), including non-physician costs but excluding medical malpractice coverage premiums.

The practice expense component of the resource-based relative value scale (RBRVS) includes clinicalstaff time, medical supplies, and medical equipment.  Often, the costsof supplies and equipment are not proportional to practicesize.  Major factorsaffecting practice expense are the volume of telephone, cell, or Internet management services, and the case management and administrative work required. For example, high patient turnover requires more examination rooms to maintain physician efficiency. High volume requires moreclerical staff to deal with larger patient-flow volume and resulting phone calls, difficultiesdressing and undressing patients, and is marked by increasedcomplexity and time in collecting laboratory specimens.  Thesefactors must be accounted for in any resource-based practiceexpense study and in the resulting practice expense calculationsfor medical services; and

  • Malpractice (RVUm) representing the cost of liability insurance.

The RBRVS system assigns RVUs to cover the malpractice expensesincurred by physicians. These malpractice RVUs, originally calculatedfor office-based physicians, may systematically undervaluethe practice liability costs for some specialties. The prolonged statutes of limitation on some legalactions may result in increased malpracticerisk exposure for physicians providing such services [i.e., pediatricians]. The differences in exposure may not be calculated in theRBRVS system, and were not included in initial studies.  Specialty specific survey data for malpractice expenseshould be used for this component when assigning final RVU valuations.  Without specialty-specific CPT® codes, however, there was no wayto do this objectively.

Conclusion

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Medical Coding and Billing Vocabulary

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Basic HIT Nomenclature and HIPAA

[By Richard J. Mata; MD, MIS, CMP™ [Hon]

For the Health Information Technology [HIT] department of a hospital, clinic or medical practice and its coders, the following medical vocabularies are mandated by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act [HIPAA].

Diseases 

For diseases: the 9th or 10th International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Clinical Modification should be used.  ICD9-CM is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control National Center for Health Statistics, while ICD-10 is maintained by the World Health Organization.

Procedures

For medical procedures: a combination of ICD-9-CM, Current Procedural Terminology maintained by the American Medical Association, the Current Dental Terminology maintained by the American Dental Association, and Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) maintained by CMS, which is also used for medical devices.

Pharmaceuticals

For drugs: these should be coded according to their National Drug Code classification.

Assessment

“A recent change to Medicare policy made by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) helps ensure claims processing isn’t delayed when the only missing information on the CMS-1490S form is the provider or supplier’s National Provider Identifier (NPI).

CMS Transmittal 1747, Change Request 6434, issued May 22, notifies A/B Medicare Administrative Contractors (MAC) and carriers of editorial changes to Medicare policy in Pub. 100-04, Medicare Claims Processing Manual, chapter 1 regarding the monitoring of claims submission violations and the handling of incomplete or invalid claims.

In either case, as stated in the transmittal, “If the beneficiary furnishes all other information but fails to supply the provider or supplier’s NPI, the contractor shall not return the claim but rather look up the provider or supplier’s NPI using the NPI registry.”

http://www.aapc.com/news/index.php/2009/06/missing-npi-no-reason-to-deny-says-cms/

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Defining Current Dental Terminology [CDT®] Codes

What they Are – How they Work

By Staff Reportersdhimc-book1

OMAP Unique Procedure Codes*

The HHS [Health and Human Services] Office of Medical Assistance Program’s [OMAP] unique procedure codes were originally listed in the appropriate service guides. The maintenance of these codes was the responsibility of OMAP. These procedure codes were reviewed as needed and deleted either when a program no longer exists or when other Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System [HCPCS] codes are created which fully describe the service. Most of the unique codes were created to meet the needs of specialized services or programs. OMAP’s unique procedure codes were all five character configurations with the following alpha/numeric combinations: four numeric/one alpha (e.g., 7300Y); three numeric, two alpha (e.g., 206EP); two alpha/three numeric (e.g., BA311); or three alpha/two numeric (e.g., VIS01).

Current Dental Terminology (CDT procedure codes)

The American Dental Association’s (ADA) Code on Dental Procedures and Nomenclature is contained in the CDT-3 user guide. The maintenance of these codes is the responsibility of the Council on Dental Benefit Programs with consultation from: Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association, the Health Insurance Association of America, the Health Care Financing Association, National Electronic Information Corporation, and the American Dental Association recognized dental specialty organizations. The ADA updates the user guide approximately every five years. CDT codes are five-character, alpha-numeric configurations (e.g., D2110). Contact the American Dental Association to obtain a current copy of the CDT-3 Users Manual.

* Note: Due to HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) requirements, Medicare Local codes and OMAP Unique codes were replaced with national standard procedure codes. 

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Assessment

For more terminology information, please refer to the Dictionary of Health Economics and Finance.

www.HealthDictionarySeries.com

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