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An ophthalmologist is a physician [MD, DO] who undergoes sub-specialty training in medical and surgical eye care. Following a medical degree, a doctor specializing in ophthalmology must pursue additional postgraduate residency training specific to that field. In the United States, following graduation from medical school, one must complete a four-year residency in ophthalmology to become an ophthalmologist. Following residency, additional specialty training (or fellowship) may be sought in a particular aspect of eye pathology.

Ophthalmologists prescribe medications to treat ailments, such as eye diseases, implement laser therapy, and perform surgery when needed. Ophthalmologists provide both primary and specialty eye care—medical and surgical. Most ophthalmologists participate in academic research on eye diseases at some point in their training and many include research as part of their career. Ophthalmology has always been at the forefront of medical research with a long history of advancement and innovation in eye care.

Optometrist

Optometrists focus on regular vision care and primary health care for the eye. After college, they spend 4 years in a professional program and get a doctor of optometry degree. But they don’t go to medical school. Some optometrists get additional clinical training or complete a specialty fellowship after optometry school. They:

• Perform eye exams and vision tests
• Prescribe and fit eyeglasses and contact lenses
• Monitor eye conditions related to diseases like diabetes
• Manage and treat conditions like dry eye and glaucoma
• Provide low-vision aids and vision therapy

There are specialties among optometrists. They include:

Pediatric optometry. These providers work with babies, toddlers, and children, using special techniques to test their vision.

Neuro-optometry. If you have vision problems that result from a brain injury, this is the type of optometrist you might visit.

Low-vision optometry. If you have low vision—that means you can’t see well enough to perform your daily activities and your sight can’t be corrected by glasses or contact lenses, medicine, or surgery—low-vision optometrists offer devices and strategies that can improve your quality of life.

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Optician

An optician is an eye care specialist who helps you choose the right eyeglasses, contact lenses or other vision correction devices. They can’t diagnose or treat conditions that affect your eyes or vision. They’ll work with you to get the right corrective lenses after your optometrist or ophthalmologist gives you a prescription.

Ocularist

An ocularist is an eye care specialist who provides care for people needing prosthetic eyes due to injury, infection or congenital disease (present at birth). Losing or damaging an eye can be a traumatic experience, and the need for a prosthetic can be overwhelming. Ocularists offer long-term care. They collaborate with your healthcare team to create or restore a more natural facial appearance with the goal of enhancing your health-related quality of life.

A former term for this medical branch is oculism.

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Filed under: Ask a Doctor, Career Development, CMP Program, Drugs and Pharma, Glossary Terms, Health Economics, Health Insurance, Health Law & Policy, Healthcare Finance, iMBA, Inc. | Tagged: CMP, DO, eye, eye doctor, MD, oculism, oculist, ophthalmologist, optician, optometrist, WebMD |