QUATERNARY: Medical Care Defined

Primary – Secondary – Tertiary Care

By A.I. and Staff Reporters

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In medicine, there are four levels of care: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. The levels of care refer to the complexity of the medical cases that doctors and healthcare providers treat and the skills and specialties of the providers. 

Primary care involves consulting with a primary care provider. Secondary care refers to seeing a specialist such as a dermatologist, neurologist or oncologist. Tertiary care is specialized care in a hospital setting such as brain surgery, renal dialysis or heart surgery.

Quaternary care is thus an advanced level of specialized care.

PRIMARY CARE: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2024/09/27/cms-a-new-primary-care-medicine-model/

QUATERNARY CARE

Classic: Sometimes used as an extension of tertiary medical and surgical care in reference to advanced levels of medicine which are highly specialized and not widely accessed by most patients.

Modern: A higher level of specialized care within a hospital. Experimental medicine and some types of uncommon diagnostic or surgical procedures are also considered quaternary care.

According to the Wonca International Dictionary for General/Family Practice -Quaternary Prevention [QP] – is defined as: ‘Action taken to identify patient at risk of over medicalization, to protect him/her from new medical invasion, and to suggest to him interventions, which are ethically acceptable’.

Examples: Types of quaternary care include: experimental medicine, procedures and uncommon and specialized surgeries. This includes sub-specialty services such as advanced trauma care and organ [heart, lung, liver, kidney, etc] transplantation.

MEDICAL CARE: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2024/07/29/survey-primary-care-doctors-deliver-most-medical-care/

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ABOUT State Medical Licensing Boards

A CONTROVERSY?

By Staff Reporters

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DEFINITION

State medical boards are the agencies that license medical doctors, investigate complaints, discipline physicians who violate the medical practice act, and refer physicians for evaluation and rehabilitation when appropriate. The overriding mission of medical boards is to serve the public by protecting it from incompetent, unprofessional, and improperly trained physicians. Medical boards accomplish this by striving to ensure that only qualified physicians are licensed to practice medicine and that those physicians provide their patients with a high standard of care.

The right to practice medicine is a privilege granted by the state. Each state has laws and regulations that govern the practice of medicine and specify the responsibilities of the medical board in regulating that practice. These regulations are laid out in a state statute, usually called a medical practice act. State medical boards establish the standards for the profession through their interpretation and enforcement of this act.

Assembling a quality physician population to meet the needs of the public begins with licensure. During the process of evaluating applicants for medical licensure, state medical boards’ primary focus is on a physician’s qualifications, including undergraduate and graduate medical education, work history, and personal character.

Candidates for licensure also must successfully complete a rigorous examination designed to assess their ability to apply knowledge, concepts, and principles of health and disease that constitute the basis for safe and effective patient care.

The Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States, Inc., and the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) have collaborated to establish a single, 3-step examination for medical licensure in the United States, known as the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). The USMLE provides state medical boards with a common evaluation system for all licensure applicants. To assure the continued relevance of the exam, the NBME uses basic science and clinical faculty from the nation’s medical schools as well as practicing physicians, some of whom serve on state medical boards, to generate the examinations.

Cite: https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/role-state-medical-boards/2005-04

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OPINIONS

“… I am persuaded that licensure has reduced both the quantity and quality of medical practice…It has reduced the opportunities for people to become physicians, it has forced the public to pay more for less satisfactory service, and it has retarded technological development…I conclude that licensure should be eliminated as a requirement for the practice of medicine”

-Milton Friedman, Nobel prize-winning economist

“As a rule, regulation is acquired by the industry and is designed and operated primarily for its benefit”

-George J. Stigler Nobel Prize-winning economist

“Licensing has served to channel the development of health care services by granting an exclusive privilege and high status to practitioners relying on a particular approach to health care, a disease-oriented intrusive approach rather than a preventive approach….By granting a monopoly to a particular approach to health care, the licensing laws may serve to assure an ineffective health care system”

-Lori B. Andrews, Professor of Law, Chicago-Kent College

“Let us allow physicians, hospitals and schools to spring up where they’re needed, abolish the restrictive licensure laws, and simply invoke the laws against fraud to insure honesty among all providers of health care …That will make health care affordable for everyone”

-Ron Paul, MD former Texas Congressman

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