RFID versus WiFi Hospital Inventory Tracking Systems

Understanding Competing Wireless Technologies

By Davd Piasecki, with

Hope Hetico; RN, MHA

www.HealthcareFinancials.comHOFMS

The two wireless technologies currently competing to provide hospitals with better systems for managing equipment inventories are (WiFi) and active RFID.

Wireless-Fidelity [WiFi]

WiFi is the name of the popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Internet connections. The WiFi Alliance is the non-profit organization that owns WiFi (registered trademark) and the term specifically defines WiFi as any “wireless local area network products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers’s 802.11 standards.”  Yet, less than 5 percent of North American healthcare facilities are equipped with these real-time locating systems, so the market is currently up for grabs.

WiFi Pros

The advantage of WiFi-based real time locating systems (RTLSs) is that most hospitals already have WiFi networks in place, and many medical devices are equipped with WiFi functionality. Moreover, WiFi vendors such as Aeroscout, Ekahau, and PanGo market their products based on a standards-based non-proprietary functionality. The downside of WiFi systems is that hospitals will need to install additional access points to bring the needed functionality to existing networks.

RFID Pros

On the other hand, RFID vendors such as RF Code and Radianse point to the wide application of RFID for asset tracking, and to the technology’s longevity in the industry. Still, RFID tags remain suspect because their ability to efficiently track DME may not be private or secure. Increasingly, WiFi seems more ubiquitous than RFID.

Finally, of the three WiFi major vendors, only Ekahau makes a point of stressing that its inventory system is based only on WiFi and not RFID, so the issue isn’t clear cut.  Perhaps it will take both technologies to deploy RTLSs for hospitals.

General Recommendations

As a general recommendation, RFID is not yet practical for most small to mid-sized healthcare entities or medical clinics looking to automate their inventory-related transactions (though it does work for other applications such as with returnable containers and asset tracking).

RFID Hype

Despite the hype over RFID, bar codes are not becoming obsolete and are still very effective at quickly and accurately identifying products, locations, and documents. Unless there exists an application where bar codes simply don’t work, or where RFID offers a significant advantage over bar codes, use bar codes. Even if an application that cries out for RFID exists, hospital material management administrators may want to consider waiting (if possible) as the cost of the technology comes down.

Both RFID and WFI Needed

According to Robert M. Wachter MD, Professor and Chief of the Division of Hospital Medicine and Associate Chairman of Department of Medicine, and Lynne and Marc Benioff Endowed Chair in Hospital Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, and Chief of the Medical Service at UCSF Medical Center [personal communication], both should be used.

Ultimately, of course, we do need both bar coding and RFIDs, and we need rigorous studies looking at what works and what doesn’t. But, you have to start somewhere. Even though the evidence continues to trail, based on what I know today, if I was a hospital ready to get into the IT game, I’d go with bar coding first. 

Assessment

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In the next few years, standards will be finalized, hardware prices will drop, software will become more readily available, and, more importantly, the bugs will be worked out of all these systems.   

Conclusion

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Integration of Hospital Automatic Data Collection Technologies

Review of Automatic Data Collection Equipment

By David J. Piasecki, with
Hope Hetico; RN, MHA

While hardware costs of automatic data collection [ADC] equipment continue to come down for hospital and healthcare organizations, the cost of integration will often prove to be the project buster. Software and integration costs will often be several times the cost of the hardware, especially in smaller health system operations where only a few devices will be used. Integration of ADC technologies is also far from standardized.

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Example:

For example, when implementing a system with portable terminals, one integrator may create a program on the terminals that will write directly to the file on the host system, another may create programs on a separate server to do this, another may write or modify a program on your host system and use terminal emulation software, and another may use a screen mapping tool to reformat an existing program to be used on the portable device. So, make sure to speak with several integrators to ensure the best solution. Also, make sure to participate heavily in equipment selection and program/process design (prompts, data input) to ensure a system that provides the highest levels of accuracy and productivity.

Real-Time Locator System 

A real-time locator system (RTLS) uses RFID technology that provides the objects they are attached to the ability to transmit their current location.  The system requires some type of RFID tag to be attached to each object that needs to be tracked, and RF transmitters/receivers located throughout the facility to determine the location and send information to a computerized tracking system. While it sounds like a great way to eliminate “lost” inventory, the systems are still too costly for most inventory-tracking operations and are more likely to be used to track more valuable assets.

Screen Mapping/Screen Scraping

This software provides the functionality to change the arrangement of data fields on a computer screen that accesses a mainframe computer program. Screen mapping is frequently used in combination with terminal-emulation software to “remap” data fields from a standard mainframe program to be used on the smaller screen of a portable hand-held device.

Speech-Based Technology

Speech-based technology, also known as voice technology is really composed of two technologies:  (1) voice directed, which converts computer data into audible commands, and (2) speech recognition, which allows user voice input to be converted into data.  Portable voice systems consist of a headset with a microphone and a wearable computer.

Terminal Emulation

Software used on desktop and portable computers is available that allows the computer to act like a terminal connected to a mainframe system. If you have a networked desktop PC and are accessing mainframe programs (green screen programs) you are using terminal emulation. Terminal emulation is also a common method used to connect portable computers (as in pharmacy bar-code ADC systems) to mainframe software.

Warehouse Management System

Computer software designed specifically for managing the movement and storage of materials throughout the healthcare system warehouse or chain of command generally controls the following three operations:  (1) put-away, (2) replenishment, and (3) picking.  The key to these systems is the logic to direct these operations to specific locations based on user-defined criteria.  Warehouse Management Systems (WMSs) are often set up to integrate with ADC systems. 

Conclusion

And so, your thoughts and comments on this Medical Executive-Post are appreciated. Can you think of any other data integration technologies?  Tell us what you think. Feel free to review our top-left column, and top-right sidebar materials, links, URLs and related websites, too. Then, be sure to subscribe to the ME-P. It is fast, free and secure.

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