PHILOSOPHY: Five Major Branches

By A.I.

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Philosophy (‘love of wisdom’) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its methods and assumptions.

Philosophy is broadly divided into several main branches that explore fundamental questions about reality, knowledge, ethics, logic, and values, each addressing different aspects of human thought and existence.

STOIC: https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2022/11/20/stoic-the-philosophy-of-knowing-and-doing/

Major Branches of Philosophy

  1. Metaphysics
    This branch explores the nature of reality and existence. It addresses questions about what things exist, the nature of objects and their properties, time and space, causality, and the mind-body relationship.
  2. Epistemology
    Epistemology studies knowledge and belief. It concerns how we know what we know, the nature and limits of knowledge, justification, and skepticism.
  3. Ethics (Moral Philosophy)
    Ethics examines what is right and wrong, good and bad. It investigates moral values, principles, and theories about how people ought to act and what constitutes a good life.
  4. Logic
    Logic deals with the rules of correct reasoning. It studies principles of valid inference, argument structure, deduction, and induction, enabling critical thinking and sound judgment.
  5. Aesthetics
    This branch explores questions related to beauty, art, and taste. It considers what constitutes aesthetic value and how art influences human experience.

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BRAIN HEALTH: Bilingualism

Bilinguals show evidence of brain maintenance in Alzheimer’s disease

By Staff Reporters

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A new analysis of neuro-imaging data has found that individuals with Alzheimer’s disease who speak only one language (monolinguals) have reduced hippocampal volume in the brain. This reduction was not observed in individuals who speak at least two languages (bilinguals).

The research was published in Bilingualism: Language and Cognition.

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