About Medical Workplace Violence

Posted on June 2, 2022 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

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UPDATE

At least three people are dead and multiple people are injured following a shooting at the Natalie Building at St. Francis Hospital in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Link: https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/crime/at-least-3-dead-multiple-people-injured-in-shooting-at-oklahoma-medical-office/ar-AAXYITO?li=BBnb7Kz

More than Physical Assault

[By Staff Reporters and Dr. David E. Marcinko MBA]

Business Med PracticeWorkplace violence is more than physical assault.

According to trauma specialist Eugene Schmuckler; PhD, MBA, CTS opining and writing in www.BusinessofMedicalPractice.com; workplace violence is any act in which a person is abused, threatened, intimidated, harassed, or assaulted in his or her employment. Swearing, verbal abuse, playing “pranks,” spreading rumors, arguments, property damage, vandalism, sabotage, pushing, theft, physical assaults, psychological trauma, anger-related incidents, rape, arson, and murder are all examples of workplace violence.

The RNANS

The Registered Nurses Association of Nova Scotia [RNANS], a leading study group, defines violence as “any behavior that results in injury whether real or perceived by an individual, including, but not limited to, verbal abuse, threats of physical harm, and sexual harassment.” As such, medical workplace violence includes:

· threatening behavior — such as shaking fists, destroying property, or throwing objects;

· verbal or written threats — any expression of intent to inflict harm;

· harassment — any behavior that demeans, embarrasses, humiliates, annoys, alarms, or verbally abuses a person and that is known or would be expected to be unwelcome. This includes words, gestures, intimidation, bullying, or other inappropriate activities;

· verbal abuse — swearing, insults, or condescending language;

· muggings — aggravated assaults, usually conducted by surprise and with intent to rob; or

· physical attacks — hitting, shoving, pushing, or kicking.

Cause and Affect

Workplace violence can be brought about by a number of different actions in the workplace. It may also be the result of non-work related situations such as domestic violence or “road rage.” Workplace violence can be inflicted by an abusive employee, a manager, supervisor, co-worker, customer, family member, patient, physician, nurse, or even a stranger.

The UI-IPRC 

The University of Iowa – Injury Prevention Research Center [UI-IPRC] classifies most workplace violence into one of four categories.

· Type I Criminal Intent — Results while a criminal activity (e.g., robbery) is being committed and the perpetrator had no legitimate relationship to the workplace.

· Type II Customer/Client — The perpetrator is a customer or client at the workplace (e.g., healthcare patient) and becomes violent while being assisted by the worker.

· Type III Worker on Worker — Employees or past employees of the workplace are the perpetrators.

· Type IV Personal Relationship — The perpetrator usually has a personal relationship with an employee (e.g., domestic violence in the workplace).

Conclusion

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Proposing a Possible [San Bernardino CA] Medical Work Place Violence Prevention Initiative?

Posted on December 5, 2015 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

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The Haddon Matrix for Health Place Injury Prevention and Workplace Violence

By

[Eugene Schmukler; PhD MBA MEd – Certified Trauma Specialist]

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An invaluable tool for healthcare violence prevention program establishment is the Haddon Matrix. In 1968, William Haddon, Jr., a public health physician with the New York State Health Department, developed a matrix of categories to assist researchers trying to address injury prevention systematically. The idea was to look at injuries in terms of causal factors and contributing factors, rather than just using a descriptive approach. It is only recently that this model has been put to use in the area of workplace violence.

The Matrix Framework

The matrix is a framework designed to apply the traditional public health domains of host, agent, and disease to primary, secondary, and tertiary injury factors. When applied to workplace violence, the “host” is the victim of workplace violence, such as a nurse. The “agent” is a combination of the perpetrator and his or her weapon(s) and the force with which an assault occurs. The “environment” is divided into two sub domains: the physical and the social environments. The location of an assault such as the ER, the street, an examining room, or hospital ward is as important as the social setting in patient interaction, presence of co-workers, and supervisor support.

Modifications

Subsequent versions of the matrix divide the environment into Physical environment and Social, Socio-economic, or Sociocultural environment. Each factor is then considered a pre-event phase, an event phase, and a post-event phase.

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Medical / Healthcare Setting

The Haddon Matrix lends itself to a medical setting in that it uses a classical epidemiological framework to categorize “pre-event,” “event,” and “post-event” activities according to the infectious disease vernacular, host (victim), vector (assailant or weapon), and environment. The strength of the Haddon Matrix is that it includes the ability to assess “pre-events” or precursors in order to develop primary preventive measures.

 

Phases

Host

Agent

Physical Environment

Social Environment

Pre-event (prior to assault)

Knowledge

Self-efficacy

Training

History of prior violence communicated

Assess objects that could become weapons, actual weapons, egress (means of escape)

Visit in pairs or with escort

Event (assault)

De-escalation

Escape techniques

Alarms/2-way phones

Reduce lethality of patient via increasing your distance

Egress, alarm, cell phone

Code and security procedures

Post-event (post-assault)

Medical care/counseling

Post-event debriefing

Referral

Law enforcement

Evaluate role of physical environment

All staff debrief and learn

Modify plan if appropriate

 

Policy?

From the perspective of administration, the Haddon Matrix does not implicate policy. This means that the matrix does not necessarily guide policy. When implemented, the Haddon Matrix can be a “politically” neutral, trans-or multi-disciplinary, objective tool that identifies opportunities for intervention. Furthermore, it outlines sensible “targets of change” for the physical and social environment.

 

Phase

Affected individual and population

Agent used

Environment

Pre-event

Psychological first aid

Communicate efforts to limit action

Have plans in place detailing agency roles in prevention and detection

Event

Population uses skills

Mobilize trauma workers

Communicate that response systems are in place

Post-event

Assessment, triage, and psychological treatment

Communicate, establish outreach centers

Adjust risk communication

End results

Limit distress responses, negative behavior changes and psychological illness

Minimize loss of life and impact of attack

Minimize disruption in daily routines

 

More: Was the San Bernardino CA Massacre Work Place Violence?

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Risk Management, Liability Insurance, and Asset Protection Strategies for Doctors and Advisors: Best Practices from Leading Consultants and Certified Medical Planners™    8Risk Management, Liability Insurance, and Asset Protection Strategies for Doctors and Advisors: Best Practices from Leading Consultants and Certified Medical Planners™

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Assessment

And so, was San Bernardino workplace violence – or not; please opine?

Conclusion

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Speaker: If you need a moderator or speaker for an upcoming event, Dr. David E. Marcinko; MBA – Publisher-in-Chief of the Medical Executive-Post – is available for seminar or speaking engagements. Contact: MarcinkoAdvisors@msn.com

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