Sc.D versus Ph.D Degree

Posted on March 15, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

SPONSOR: http://www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org

***

***

In the United States, the difference between a Ph.D and a Sc.D is that the former is awarded to most, if not all, disciplines, while a Sc.D is awarded to science or STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) disciplines.

This means that, in the United States at least, a Ph.D and a Sc.D are equal to one another in terms of telling people about an individual’s mastery of a particular skill, training, and prestige. A Ph.D holder and a Sc.D holder are viewed as peers and equals by most, if not all, American universities.

Meanwhile in Europe, according to Emily Summer, the difference between a Ph.D and a Sc.D is that the former is awarded at the start of an academic career, while the Sc.D is awarded much later, after the individual has built up an impressive body of work.

COMMENTS APPRECIATED

Subscribe and Refer

***

***

Filed under: "Doctors Only", Career Development, CMP Program, Ethics, Experts Invited, Glossary Terms, iMBA, Inc. | Tagged: , , , , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment »

STATISTICS: Physicians Beware

Posted on March 14, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

Over Heard in the Doctor’s Lounge

By Staff Reporters

***

***

Statistics is a discipline that deals with data, facts, and figures from which meaningful information is inferred. It involves gathering, summarizing, and analyzing data to understand trends and patterns. Statistics can be divided into two main types: descriptive statistics, which summarize data, and inferential statistics, which make predictions or inferences about a population based on a sample

But, reading statistical income information can be full of pitfalls. One needs to look at the mean and median. Both give useful information. By comparing the two, one can ascertain if there are outliers that affect the results.

Example:

If a sample of 10 physicians has one earning $1,000,000 and the other nine earning $100,000, the average (mean) income is $190,000; but the median income is $100,000.

Just using this information alone, one can tell there are some outliers that could affect the results.

–Dr. Edmond F. Mertzenich, DPM MBA [Rockford, IL]

***

***

Example:

“Lies, damned lies, and statistics” is a phrase describing the persuasive power of statistics to bolster weak arguments, “one of the best, and best-known” critiques of applied statistics. It is also sometimes colloquially used to doubt statistics used to prove an opponent’s point.

-Benjamin Disraeli [1st Earl of Beaconsfield]

COMMENTS APPRECIATED

Refer, Read and Subscribe

EDUCATION: Books

***

***

Filed under: "Ask-an-Advisor", Ethics, Experts Invited, Glossary Terms, Investing | Tagged: , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment »

BERTRANDS: Paradox in Probability Theory with Video

Posted on February 10, 2025 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

WHAT IS RANDOM?

By Staff Reporters

***

***

Bertrand’s Paradox is a problem within probability theory first suggested by the French Mathematician Joseph Bertrand (1822–1900) in his 1889 work ‘Calcul des Probabilites’. It sets a physical problem that seems very simple but leads to differing probabilities unless its procedure is more clearly defined.

Based on constructing a random chord in a circle, Bertrand’s paradox involves a single mathematical problem with three reasonable but different solutions. It’s less a paradox and more a cautionary tale. It’s really asking the question: What exactly do you mean by random?

IOW: According to Dan Ariely PhD, two players reaching a state of Nash equilibrium both find themselves with no profits gained via exploitation.

Consequently, over the years the Bertrand paradox has inspired debate, with papers arguing what the true solution is: www.bertrands-paradox.com.

Update: The people from Numberphile and 3Blue1Brown produced a video on YouTube describing and explaining the Bertrand paradox.

COMMENTS APPRECIATED

Subscribe and Like
***

***

Filed under: Ethics, LifeStyle, mental health, Videos | Tagged: , , , , , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment »

BOOLEAN: Logic & Search Engine

Posted on November 17, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

By Staff Reporters

***

***

George Boole, an English mathematician from the 19th century, developed an algebraic method that he first described in his 1847 book, The Mathematical Analysis of Logic and expounded upon in his An Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854).

Boolean algebra is fundamental to modern computing, and all major programming languages include it. It also figures heavily in statistical methods and set theory.

Today’s database searches are largely based on Boolean logic, which allows us to specify parameters in detail — for example, combining terms to include while excluding others. A Boolean search, in the context of a search engine, is a type of search where you can use special words or symbols to limit, widen, or define your search.

This is possible through Boolean operators such as AND, OR, and NOT, plus symbols like + (add) and – (subtract).

When you include an operator in a Boolean search, you’re either introducing flexibility to get a wider range of results, or you’re defining limitations to reduce the number of unrelated results.

COMMENTS APPRECIATED

Subscribe Today!

***

Filed under: "Ask-an-Advisor", Glossary Terms, Information Technology, Risk Management | Tagged: , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment »

17 Math Equations that Changed the World

Posted on June 22, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

How many do you know?

via Ian Stewart

***

[Click image to enlarge]

***

Editor’s Note:

I have a bit of math background in algebra, geometry and trigonometry as well as integral and differential calculus, and parametric and non-parametric statistics.  So, this ME-P was a no-brainer. Enjoy with thanks to Ian.

So, how many equations do you know? Please tell us?

Dr. David E. Marcinko MBA MEd CMP

Conclusion

Your thoughts and comments on this ME-P are appreciated. Feel free to review our top-left column, and top-right sidebar materials, links, URLs and related websites, too. Then, subscribe to the ME-P. It is fast, free and secure.

Speaker: If you need a moderator or speaker for an upcoming event, Dr. David E. Marcinko; MBA – Publisher-in-Chief of the Medical Executive-Post – is available for seminar or speaking engagements. Contact: MarcinkoAdvisors@msn.com

OUR OTHER PRINT BOOKS AND RELATED INFORMATION SOURCES:

Risk Management, Liability Insurance, and Asset Protection Strategies for Doctors and Advisors: Best Practices from Leading Consultants and Certified Medical Planners™8Comprehensive Financial Planning Strategies for Doctors and Advisors: Best Practices from Leading Consultants and Certified Medical Planners™

***

Filed under: "Ask-an-Advisor", Experts Invited, Marcinko Associates, Research & Development | Tagged: , , , | Leave a comment »

PODCAST: Simpson’s Paradox in Medicine

Posted on June 4, 2024 by Dr. David Edward Marcinko MBA MEd CMP™

 EXPLAINED

Courtesy: www.CertifiedMedicalPlanner.org

Simpson’s paradox (or Simpson’s reversal, Yule–Simpson effect, amalgamation paradox, or reversal paradox) is a phenomenon in probability and statistics, in which a trend appears in several different groups of data but disappears or reverses when these groups are combined.

This result is often encountered in social-science and medical-science statistics and is particularly problematic when frequency data is unduly given causal interpretations. The paradox can be resolved when causal relations are appropriately addressed in the statistical modeling.

Simpson’s paradox has been used as an exemplar to illustrate to the non-specialist or public audience the kind of misleading results misapplied statistics can generate. Martin Gardner wrote a popular account of Simpson’s paradox in his March 1976 Mathematical Games column in Scientific American.

Edward H. Simpson first described this phenomenon in a technical paper in 1951, but the statisticians Karl Pearson et al., in 1899, and Udny Yule, in 1903, had mentioned similar effects earlier. The name Simpson’s paradox was introduced by Colin R. Blyth in 1972.

PODCAST: https://tinyurl.com/5hycyjv6

Your thoughts are appreciated.

***

THANK YOU

Filed under: "Doctors Only", Glossary Terms, Health Economics, Health Insurance, Videos | Tagged: , , , | Leave a comment »